O presente trabalho visa a analisar um grupo específico de personagens femininas na Odisseia de Homero: as esposas de reis. Por esposas entendo as mulheres casadas (mortais) que estão vivas no momento presente da narrativa do poema, a saber: Helena, Arete e Penélope. Escolhi estudá-las de acordo com as funções que me parecem ser as mais importantes desempenhadas por elas nesse poema homérico; desse modo, dividi a pesquisa em duas partes, de acordo com esses papéis: a primeira parte consiste na análise das mulheres em cenas de hospitalidade, a segunda, em cenas de narrativas embutidas enunciadas por elas. Assim, analisarei as mulheres enquanto anfitriãs e narradoras. Em ambos os tipos de cena, faz-se presente o tema da tecelagem, que em Homero constitui tarefa exclusivamente feminina, e que também é importante para compreender as personagens femininas dentro do recorte aqui escolhido. / This study analyses a group of female characters in Homers Odyssey: kings wives. By wives, I mean married (mortal) women alive during the poems plot: Helen, Arete and Penelope. I have studied the most important functions they perform in the epos; each part of the thesis is dedicated to one of them: the first one analyses how wives act in hospitality scenes, the second one, the embedded narratives told by them. Thus, my object is to discuss their role as hostesses and storytellers. Weaving, which is a typical female activity in Homer, is an important theme in both types of scene and proves to be relevant to understanding the aformentioned roles.

Esta dissertação analisa a narrativa do Jornal Nacional, da Rede Globo, sobre o caso Samarco. Iniciado com o rompimento de uma barragem de mineração localizada no município de Mariana, em Minas Gerais, o acontecimento é o maior desastre socioambiental do Brasil. A partir da premissa de que uma narrativa se desenvolve por meio das ações de seus personagens, o trabalho visa investigar que sentidos emergem da construção de personagens e papéis na cobertura do telejornal sobre o assunto. A fundamentação teórica da pesquisa aborda o processo de transformação de um acontecimento em notícia, a cobertura jornalística de desastres socioambientais e as características da narrativa do telejornalismo. Em complemento à abordagem do tema, é apresentado ainda um breve histórico do caso Samarco. Por meio de Análise de Conteúdo, são examinadas reportagens do programa à luz de referenciais sobre narrativa e dramaturgia do telejornalismo, com ênfase nas formas pelas quais personagens e papéis são acionados e construídos. Conclui-se que o telejornal conferiu às vítimas o protagonismo da história narrada e outorgou o papel de principal vilã à Samarco, preservando as suas controladoras (Vale e BHP Billiton). Também se constata que o JN apresentou informações superficiais e descontextualizadas sobre o caso, em uma abordagem não comprometida com o interesse público. / This dissertation analyzes the narrative of Jornal Nacional (Rede Globo) about Samarco case, the biggest socio-environmental disaster in Brazil, that started from the burst of a mining dam in Mariana, Minas Gerais. Based on the premise that a narrative is developed through the actions of its characters, the research intends to investigate which meanings emerge from the construction of characters and roles in television news about that subject. The theoretical foundation is about the process of transforming an event into news, the journalistic coverage about socio-environmental disasters and the characteristics of the telejournalistic narrative. As a complement, a brief history of Samarco case is presented. Through Content Analysis, news reports are examined based on references about narrative and dramaturgy of the telejournalism, with a focus on how characters and roles are activated and built. The dissertation concludes that the program gave the leading roles to the victims and the main villain’s one to Samarco, preserving its controllers (Vale and BHP Billiton). Besides that, the coverage presented superficial and decontextualized information, which demonstrates lack of commitment to the public interest.

Métodos filogenéticos comparativos utilizam informações sobre as relações de ancestralidade entre as espécies para testar hipóteses evolutivas. Neste contexto, a Reconstrução de Caracteres Ancestrais (RCA) pode nos esclarecer muito a respeito dos organismos já extintos. A família Canidae apresenta variada gama de comportamentos, distribuída por quase todo o planeta. Sua rica história fóssil demonstra processos que nos dão pistas sobre a evolução e diversificação destes comportamentos ao longo de 46 Ma. Entender a importância de fatores bióticos e abióticos na evolução de carnívoros tem sido um dos grandes desafios em estudos macroevolutivos nos últimos anos. Aqui foram abordados aspectos evolutivos de Canidae com o intuito de demonstrar o papel de fatores ambientais e comportamentais, além de interações, na diversificação do grupo. Para isso, construiu-se a filogenia para todas as espécies vivas de canídeos e uma espécie recentemente extinta. No total, 37 espécies foram incluídas na árvore filogenética. Foram obtidos 23 marcadores moleculares usados na construção da filogenia. Utilizou-se também 68 caracteres morfológicos. A construção da filogenia foi feita utilizando inferência Bayesiana. O modelo evolutivo escolhido nessa etapa foi GTR + G + I. Também foi utilizado o algoritmo de Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) para obter a distribuição a posteriori, com 50 x 106 iterações. A datação da árvore filogenética foi feita através do método de Penalized Likelihood, onde foram utilizados 11 registros fósseis de nós conhecidos da filogenia. Após a filogenia feita, obteve-se os dados comportamentais para realização da RCA a respeito dos quatro atributos avaliados. As quatro reconstruções foram criadas com inferência em 1000 árvores cada. Todas análises de RCA foram realizadas com o método de parcimônia. Com o intuito de entender de que maneira os atributos se correlacionam ao longo da filogenia, foi calculada a correlação de Pagel além de Phylogenetic Generalized Least Squares (PGLS). A topologia obtida aqui foi diferente das demais árvores filogenéticas já criadas para Canidae. Além disso, a calibração temporal indica que o split entre Canini e Vulpini se deu há 12.6 Ma, diferente do que é apontado na literatura. A respeito das reconstruções, as linhagens ancestrais dos lobos e das raposas desenvolveram o hábito de viver em áreas abertas. Já os canídeos sulamericanos desenvolveram preferência por áreas florestais. Em relação à dieta, o ancestral de Caninae, assim como os ancestrais diretos das tribos Canini e Vulpini, apresentavam comportamento alimentar hipocarnívoro. O ancestral de todos os canídeos existentes hoje apresentou baixa organização social, enquanto que os lobos desenvolveram alto comportamento social, coincidindo com o surgimento do hábito hipercarnívoro. A respeito do tamanho corporal, o nó ancestral a todos os canídeos possuía tamanho médio, e as duas tribos que surgiram a partir desta linhagem divergiram seus tamanhos. O teste de Pagel demonstrou que há correlação entre dieta e socialidade, mostrando que a alimentação levou a modificações no comportamento Social. Os PGLSs mostram que três tipos de modelos evolutivos explicam as mudanças nos atributos ao longo do tempo. As mudanças no uso de habitat dos canídeos acompanharam as mudanças climáticas no planeta ao longo dos últimos 13 Ma. Já a alimentação meso e hipocarnívora dos sulamericanos se deve ao cenário encontrado na América do Sul ao chegarem, e como reflexo, não desenvolveram alto grau de socialidade. Os resultados sugerem que raposas tentaram evitar a competição com os lobos para não sobreporem seus nichos, sendo o fator fundamental para sua diversificação. / Phylogenetic comparative methods use information on ancestral relationships between species to test evolutionary hypotheses. In this context, the Ancestral Characters Reconstruction (ACR) can shed light on the already extinct organisms. The Canidae family has a wide range of behaviors, distributed throughout most of the planet. Its rich fossil history demonstrates processes that give us clues about the evolution and diversification of these behaviors over 46 Ma. Understanding the importance of biotic and abiotic factors in the evolution of carnivores has been one of the major challenges in macroevolutionary studies in recent years. Here we discuss the evolutionary aspects of Canidae with the purpose of demonstrating the role of environmental and behavioral factors, as well as interactions, in the diversification of the group. For this, the phylogeny was constructed for all living species of canids and a recently extinct species. In total, 37 species were included in the phylogenetic tree. A total of 23 molecular markers were used to construct the phylogeny. We also used 68 morphological characters. The construction of the phylogeny was done using Bayesian inference. The evolutionary model chosen in this step was GTR + G + I. The Monte Carlo Markov Chain algorithm (MCMC) was also used to obtain the posterior distribution, with 50 x 106 iterations. The phylogenetic tree was dated using the Penalized Likelihood method, where eleven fossil records of nodes known from the phylogeny were used. After the phylogeny, the behavioral data were obtained to perform the ACR in relation to the four attributes evaluated. The four reconstructions were created with inference in 1000 trees each. All ACR analyzes were performed using the parsimony method. In order to understand how the attributes correlate throughout the phylogeny, the Pagel correlation was calculated in addition to Phylogenetic Generalized Least Squares (PGLS). The topology obtained here was different from the other phylogenetic trees already created for Canidae. In addition, the time calibration indicates that the split between Canini and Vulpini occurred 12.6 Ma ago, different from what is pointed out in the literature. Concerning reconstructions, the ancestral lineages of wolves and foxes have developed the habit of living in open areas. South American canids have developed preference for forest areas. Regarding diet, Caninae's ancestor, as well as the direct ancestors of the Canini and Vulpini tribes, presented hypocampivorous feeding behavior. The ancestor of all canids present today had a low social organization, while the wolves developed a high social behavior, coinciding with the emergence of the hypercarnivore habit. Regarding the body size, the ancestral node to all canids had medium size, and the two tribes that have emerged from this lineage diverged their sizes. The Pagel test demonstrated that there is a correlation between diet and sociality, showing that diet led to changes in social behavior. The PGLSs show that three types of evolutionary models explain changes in attributes over time. The changes in the habitat use of the canids have accompanied the climatic changes in the planet during the last 13 Ma. The meso and hypocarnivorous feeding of the South Americans is due to the scenario found in South America when they arrived, and as a reflex, they did not develop high degree of Sociality. The results suggest that foxes tried to avoid competition with the wolves to avoid overlapping their niches, being the fundamental factor for their diversification.

Li Hong. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-142). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Este trabalho pretende, a partir da análise das obras literárias Casa de Boneca (1879) de Henrik Ibsen e Dom Casmurro (1899) de Machado de Assis, verificar a atualidade da crise representada nas personagens femininas Nora e Capitu. Trata-se de identificar a relação entre forma artística e a experiência, tendo em vista o jogo de espelhos entre arte e vida. Reconhecer, portanto, como a estrutura social, mais especificamente a familiar, está refletida no drama e no romance do século XIX. Desde a cisão entre esfera pública e doméstica traçar encontros e desencontros entre as personagens que estão inseridas na ficção presas na rede do patriarcado. A crise flagrada com a saída de Nora e o exílio de Capitu nos deixa a pergunta sobre que tipo de sociabilidade somos capazes de construir sob a exclusão inevitável proposta pelo sistema capitalista. / The aim of this study is to anylise two literary works: Casa de Boneca (Doll\'s House) by Henrik Ibsen (1879) and Dom Casmurro by Machado de Assis (1899). The main idea was to verify if the crisis represented by the two female characters, Nora and Capitu, can be found nowadays. In other words, the objective is to identify the relationship between the artistic form and the real experience, focusing on situations as mirror games envolving life and art. Therefore, we will answer how the social and more specifically the family structure is reflected in the drama and in the romance of the 19th century. Based on the breaking of the social and the family actions, the profile of similarities and divergences between the characters that are inserted in the fiction, are captured and the domination of a patriarch emerges. From the crisis which made Nora leave home and provoked Capitus exile, a question arises: what type of social relationships are we able to construct under the inevitable circumstances of exclusion imposed by the capitalism society.

Trabalho voltado a três brincadeiras populares com personagem negro de máscara, em três Estados brasileiros, e a comparações com o personagem Macunaíma, de Mário de Andrade. Foi realizada pesquisa de campo com registro áudio-visual por quatro anos, em continuidade com pesquisa anterior de Mestrado. O capítulo 1 introduz abordagens de Mário de Andrade, etnomusicologia, semiótica, estudos africanos e afro-brasileiros. O capítulo 2 avalia grandezas reunidas em Macunaíma, da fonte etnográfica às visões dos personagens negros da cultura popular, com índices da própria obra, da correspondência com Bandeira e da crítica. O capítulo 3 tange à experiência de campo, ao registro de Mário de Andrade do palhaço Veludo no Lundu do Escravo e à visão de Tinhorão dos palhaços negros cantores. No capítulo 4 vêm as transcrições dos textos registrados em campo com os personagens Pai Francisco, Catirina, Mateus e Bastião, nos três Estados. E o capítulo 5 traz balanço comparativo dos três registros e coerências com Macunaíma. A conclusão aborda o disfarce social e a vitalidade das representações negras. / This is a study of three dramatic dances with masked black character, from three states of Brazil, in comparison with Mario de Andrade´s character Macunaíma. Field research with audio/video capture was done in four years, in continuity with the research for a previous thesis. Chapter 1 introduces Mário de Andrade´s approaches, ethnomusicology, semiotics, African and Afro-brazilian studies. Chapter 2 considers diferent values in Macunaíma, from the ethnographic base to visions of black characters in Brazilian popular culture, referring data from the book itself, from Andrade´s letters to Manuel Bandeira and from the critics. Chapter 3 discusses field experience, Andrade´s register of the clown Veludo in Lundu do Escravo and Tinhorão´s vision of the singing black minstrels. Chapter 4 brings transcriptions of texts registered in field with the characters Black Francisco, Catirina, Mateus and Bastião in three states of Brazil. And chapter 5 brings comparisons of the three narratives, and coherences with Macunaíma. The conclusion approaches social disguise and masks and vitality of black representations.

The study examined the reading and character growth of elementary school students (n = 2144) in urban public charter school classrooms (n = 88), focusing on the relationship between the students’ growth and a character-focused lesson. Reading growth, as measured by in-classroom reading assessments, and character growth, as measured by self- and teacher- report surveys focused on either grit or self-control, were the outcomes of interest. The study employed a mixed-methods design, combining quantitative methods (i.e., descriptive statistics, correlations, and multi-variable linear regression) and qualitative methods (i.e., video observations, surveys, and interviews) to both describe and better understand the relationship between these outcomes. The average reading and character growth of the students in the study was notable, with students—on average—making 1.24 years of reading progress (as measured by grade level equivalency) over one school year and demonstrating character growth beyond expectation. Students in classrooms focused on the character strength of grit grew more with respect to strength of character than did their peers in classrooms focused on self-control. Also, students demonstrating higher levels of grit grew more with respect to reading than did their peers with lower levels of grit. Counter to the study’s hypothesis, the character-focused lessons were negatively (though weakly) associated with students’ character growth. Qualitative examination of a subset of the lessons indicated that (a) grit was often positioned as the more “academic” strength, while self-control was often positioned as the more “social” strength and (b) stronger lessons may have heightened students’ reference bias, such that students had a more ambitious vision of grit or self-control as a result. In interviews with a subset of the teachers in the sample, those who led their students to notably above-average character growth all had consistent, robust character education in their schools, in stark contrast to the teachers who led their students to notably below-average character growth. The study’s findings suggest that particular non-cognitive strengths—in this case, grit—are associated with desirable academic outcomes, even in young school children, and that in-classroom and school-wide character education may help to support the growth and development of these strengths.

Chan Ka-ling. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 160-167). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.iv / Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter One --- Bridget Jones's Diary： A Novelistic Adaptation of Pride and Prejudice --- p.18 / Chapter Chapter Two --- The Image of Elizabeth Bennet in Pride and Prejudice and Its Adaptations --- p.4 7 / Chapter Chapter Three --- The Image of Bridget Jones in Bridget Jones' s Diary and Its Film Adaptation --- p.85 / Chapter Chapter Four --- Evolution of a Heroine: From Pride and Prejudice to Bridget Jones's Diary --- p.110 / Conclusion --- p.142 / Notes --- p.157 / Works Cited --- p.160

Cheung Wah. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-142). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.ii / Acknowledgements --- p.vi / Abbreviations --- p.vii / Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter One --- "The Language of Sexual & Political Oppressions in Pinter's Political Plays: One for the Road, Mountain Language and Party Time" --- p.9 / Chapter Chapter Two --- "Sexual Difference in Language in Pinter's Plays of Marital Failure: The Collection, The Homecoming, Betrayal and A Kind of Alaska" --- p.44 / Chapter Chapter Three --- "The Poetry of Forming Selves from the Past in Pinter's Memory Plays: Landscape, Silence, Old Times and Ashes to Ashes" --- p.90 / Conclusion --- p.127 / References --- p.135

Liu, Duo. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-147). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese; appendix in Chinese.