Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JailmaAL.pdf: 4054706 bytes, checksum: f46f1a4accf9845bb01d4688f7c0745c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Fucan is a term used to denominate a family of sulfated polysaccharides rich in L-fucose. They are extracted mainly from the extracellular matrix of brown algae and echinoderms. The brown alga Spatoglossum schr?ederi (Dictyotaceae) has three heterofucans named A, B and C. Our research group have been extracted non anticoagulant heterofucan from S. schr?ederi which possess antithrombotic activity in vivo. However, their toxicity in vitro and in vivo has not yet been determined. For the results in toxicity in vitro, we observed that the fucan A at 20, 500 and 1000 μg/plate showed no mutagenic activity in Kado test (Microsuspension), when the bacterial strains TA97a, TA98, TA100 and TA102, with and without S9 were used. The comet assay showed that fucan A (from 20 to 1000 μg/mL) did not cause any genotoxic effect on CHO cells. There was no damage to the DNA of these cells, as evidenced by the tail length and tail moment, which were similar to that found for the negative control. The fucan A from S. schr?ederi was administered at 20 μg/g of rat (dose which it showed high antithrombotic activity) during two months. After that, the animals were killed and examined. The data showed that fucan A did not cause any change in biochemistry and hematological parameters, as well as, in the morphology and size of the rat s organs analyzed. In conclusion, this study indicates that fucan is a compound with potential pharmacological that has no toxicity / Fucana ? um termo usado para denominar uma fam?lia de polissacar?deos sulfatados ricos em L-fucose. S?o extra?dos principalmente da matriz extracelular de algas marrons e equinodermas. A alga marrom Spatoglossum schr?ederi (Dictyotaceae) possui tr?s heterofucanas nomeadas de fucanas A, B e C. Tem sido proposto o uso de fucanas como alternativas para anticoagulantes. Nosso grupo de pesquisa extraiu uma heterofucana n?o anticoagulante da alga S. schr?ederi que tem uma elevada atividade antitromb?tica in vivo. No entanto, a sua toxicidade in vitro e in vivo ainda n?o foi determinada. Para os resultados obtidos na toxicidade in vitro, observou-se que a fucana A nas concentra??es de 20, 500 e 1000 μg/placa n?o mostram atividade mutag?nica em teste Kado (Microsuspens?o) utilizando a cepas bacterianas TA97a, TA98, TA100 e TA102, com e sem S9. No ensaio do cometa a presen?a da fucana A n?o provocou nenhum efeito genot?xico nas concentra??es testadas de 20, 500 e 1000 μg/mL. N?o houve dano no DNA dessas c?lulas, como evidenciado pelo tail lenght e tail moment, sendo semelhantes ao encontrado para o controle negativo. A fucana A da alga Spatoglossum schr?ederi quando administrada nos animais durante o per?odo de dois meses, n?o provocou altera??o dos par?metros hematol?gicos, bioqu?micos, morfologia e tamanho dos ?rg?os analisados. Esse teste n?o demonstrou que a fucana, na dose que apresenta atividade antitromb?tica, apresenta toxicidade. Os dados do trabalho indicam que esta fucana ? um composto com potencial farmacol?gico que n?o apresenta toxidade, esse fato da seguran?a para que testes futuros com esse pol?mero sejam realizados, inclusive testes em humanos

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RuthMO_DISSERT_partes_autorizadas.pdf: 1326808 bytes, checksum: b857ffe38a32dadfb7993ebe2bf2b79c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The species of the genus Marsdenia, Apocynaceae, are widely used in folk medicine of several countries. In Brazil is found several species belonging to this genus. The in vitro antioxidant, anticoagulant and antiproliferative activities were evaluated to aqueous extracts of stalk, leaf and root of Marsdenia megalantha. In the total antioxidant capacity assay (expressed as ascorbic acid equivalents) the stalk extract showed 76.0 mg/g, while leaf and root extracts 141.3 mg/g and 57.0 mg/g, respectively. The stalk and leaf extracts showed chelating activity around 40% at 1.5 mg/mL, while root extract, at the same concentration showed, 17%. Only the leaf extract showed a significant ability in superoxide scavenging (80% at 0.8 mg/mL). Any extract was able in scavenge hydroxyl, as well anticoagulant activity. The antiproliferative activity of the extracts was evaluated against HeLa tumor cell line. The extracts inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the cell growth. However, the leaf extract showed 80% of inhibition at 1.0 mg/mL, while stalk and root extracts inhibited 63% and 30%, respectively. To assess the mechanism of cell death caused by the leaf extract in HeLa, was performed flow cytometry and western blot. The results show that leaf extract induces cell death by apoptosis through an activation caspase-independent pathway. These data indicate that stalk and leaf extracts obtained have potential to be used as antioxidants and anticancer drugs / As esp?cies do g?nero Marsdenia, Apocynaceae, s?o bastante utilizadas na medicina popular de v?rios pa?ses. No Brasil s?o encontradas v?rias esp?cies pertencentes a esse g?nero. As atividades antioxidante, anticoagulante e antiproliferativa foram avaliadas para os extratos de caule, folha e raiz de Marsdenia megalantha. Na capacidade antioxidante total (expressa como equivalente de ?cido asc?rbico), o extrato do caule apresentou 76,0 mg/g, enquanto os extratos da folha e raiz apresentaram, respectivamente, 14,3 mg/g e 57,0 mg/g. Os extratos do caule e da folha mostraram habilidade quelante em torno de 40% na concentra??o de 1,5 mg/mL, enquanto o extrato da raiz, na mesma concentra??o, apresentou 17%. Apenas o extrato da folha apresentou uma capacidade significante em sequestrar radicais super?xidos (80% em 0,8 mg/mL). Nenhum extrato mostrou capacidade em seq?estrar radicais hidroxila, bem como atividade anticoagulante. A atividade antiproliferativa dos extratos foi avaliada contra a linhagem tumoral HeLa. Os extratos inibiram, de forma dose-dependente, o crescimento celular. Entretanto, o extrato da folha foi capaz de inibir em 80% a prolifera??o celular na concentra??o de 1,0 mg/mL, enquanto os extratos de caule e raiz inibiram 63% e 30%, respectivamente. Para avaliar o mecanismo de morte celular causada pelo extrato da folha nas c?lulas HeLa, foi realizada citometria de fluxo e western blot. Os resultados mostraram que o extrato da folha induz morte celular por apoptose atrav?s de uma via de ativa??o independente de caspase. Estes resultados indicam que os extratos de caule e folha obtidos t?m potencial para serem futuramente utilizados como f?rmacos antioxidantes e antic?ncer

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CristinaIO_DISSERT.pdf: 1652503 bytes, checksum: 5827ebf97f52c6102acf9da751e47460 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-03 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL), caused by Leishmania infantum chagasi (L.i.chagasi), stands as a public health problem in Brazil, with human and canine cases related in all states..Lipid metabolism can be modified in several status of infection. For example, experimental studies show that the cholesterol is necessary to internalization and replication of L.i.chagasi in macrophages through caveolar domains. Patients with AVL present low levels of cholesterol and a visible triglycerides increase. This work aimed to evaluate the lipid metabolism in several post-infection status by L.i.chagasi, including individuals with symptomatic infection (AVL), and asymptomatic. The levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and reactive C protein, were measured. Individuals with AVL were compared with individuals with assymptomatic infection and presented low levels of total cholesterol (128 ? 6.180 mg/dL vs. 158 ?5.733 mg/dL, p=0.0001), HDL (29 ? 1.746 mg/dL vs. 37 ? 1.647 mg/dL, p=0.0001), increased levels of triglycerides (149.5 mg/dL ? 12.72 vs. 78.00 ? 10.43 mg/dL, p=0.0095) and higher levels of reactive C protein (1.750? 0.4939 mg/dL vs. 0.40 ? 0.1707 mg/dL; p=0.0001). The expression of genes related to lipid metabolism, such as LXR-a, LXR-b, PPAR-a, PPAR-d, PPAR-g and APOE was evaluated by real time PCR. A reduction in the expression of those genes was found in the group of AVL patients corroborating the serum levels of the metabolites earlier quantified. Our findings suggest a modulation of metabolism of lipids, in the chronic phase of AVL, this could facilitate the survival of leishmania, due to the known reduction on the ability of macrophages in presenting antigens efficiently to the T cells due to the reduction in the cholesterol available, it results in a subversion of the host immunity. / A leishmaniose visceral americana (LVA), causada pela Leishmania infantum chagasi (L.i.chagasi) permanece como um problema de sa?de p?blica no Brasil. A LVA cursa com altera??es bioqu?micas e hematol?gicas que podem resultar em caquexia e predisposi??o a infec??es secund?rias. O metabolismo lip?dico pode ser alterado em resposta ? infec??o, sendo que alguns microorganismos podem induzir estas altera??es.. Estudos experimentais mostram que o colesterol ? necess?rio para a internaliza??o e replica??o de L.i.chagasi em macr?fagos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar se o metabolismo lip?dico sofre altera??es em diversos status p?s-infec??o por L.i.chagasi. Os n?veis de colesterol, triglicer?deos, HDL, prote?na C reativa foram quantificados. A express?o de genes relacionados ao metabolismo lip?dico, como LXR-a, LXR-b, PPAR-a, PPAR-d, PPAR-g e APOE foi determinada por PCR em tempo real. Indiv?duos com LVA quando comparados com indiv?duos com infec??o assintom?tica apresentaram baixos n?veis de coleste rol total (128 ? 6,180 mg/dL vs. 158 ?5,733 mg/dL, p=0,0001), HDL (29 ? 1,746 mg/dL vs. 37 ? 1,647 mg/dL, p=0,001); eleva??o nos n?veis de triglicer?deos (149,5 mg/dL ? 12,72 vs. 78,00 ? 10,43 mg/dL, p=0,0095) e de prote?na C reativa (1,750? 0,4939 mg/dL vs. 0,40 ? 0,1707 mg/dL; p=0,0001). A express?o de genes envolvidos no metabolismo de lip?dos apresentou diminui??es de 3,5 vezes em pacientes com LVA, no caso de PPAR-g. Para outros genes, como PPAR-a, esta diminui??o de express?o chegou a 27,70 vezes para pacientes com LVA em rela??o ao grupo controle. Estes achados podem explicar os n?veis s?ricos alterados de lip?dios para os indiv?duos com LVA. Estes resultados sugerem que a cronicidade da infec??o por Leishmania resulta em uma modula??o do metabolismo de lip?dios, com inibi??o da s?ntese de colesterol. Isso pode facilitar a sobreviv?ncia da leishmania, por potencialmente resultar em redu??o da habilidade dos macr?fagos em apresentar ant?genos eficientemente para c?lulas T frente ? redu??o de colesterol dispon?vel, e isso resulta em uma subvers?o da imunidade do hospedeiro.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-03-03T19:55:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ErikaCristinaPinheiroDeCastro_DISSERT.pdf: 2706231 bytes, checksum: fd12403d1b13d2a828b00af3b56d6cc1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-07T21:59:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ErikaCristinaPinheiroDeCastro_DISSERT.pdf: 2706231 bytes, checksum: fd12403d1b13d2a828b00af3b56d6cc1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-07T21:59:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ErikaCristinaPinheiroDeCastro_DISSERT.pdf: 2706231 bytes, checksum: fd12403d1b13d2a828b00af3b56d6cc1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / O consumo mundial de ?leos vegetais aumentou nos ?ltimos anos devido sua aplica??o na ind?stria aliment?cia, qu?mica, farmac?utica e, recentemente energ?tica. Todavia, as sementes oleaginosas das quais esses ?leos s?o extra?dos envelhecem rapidamente, comprometendo o cultivo e a produtividade destas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do envelhecimento sobre a coordena??o dos sistemas antioxidantes da catalase (CAT) e da ascorbato peroxidase (APX) em c?rtamo e girassol. Para tanto, sementes foram submetidas a envelhecimento acelerado por 3, 6 e 9 dias e cultivadas em papel-toalha umedecido durante 72h. Adicionalmente, antes de serem submetidas ao envelhecimento acelerado, sementes de girassol foram pr?- tratadas por osmopriming com 10 mM de ascorbato (ASC) ou 3 amino 1,2,4 triazole(3-AT), inibidor espec?fico da CAT. O m?todo de envelhecimento artificial utilizado foi eficiente para ambas esp?cies, pois promoveu diminui??o na germina??o, no desenvolvimento de pl?ntulas e no crescimento destas, principalmente no c?rtamo. O envelhecimento provocou inibi??o da atividade CAT para ambas as esp?cies e para compensar tal inibi??o, o girassol aumentou a express?o do mRNA desta enzima, enquanto o c?rtamo mobilizou mais a atividade da APX. A an?lise da express?o da malato sintase e do conte?do de a?ucares demonstrou que o girassol consome suas reservas lip?dicas no estado quiescente, enquanto o c?rtamo ? mais dependente dos carboidratos. O pr?-tratamento com 3-AT inibiu a atividade CAT e estimulou a da APX, enquanto o ASC atuou de forma inversa nesses sistemas. Nenhum dos tratamentos recuperou o decl?nio fisiol?gico decorrente do envelhecimento. Conclui-se que o envelhecimento alterou significativamente o metabolismo antioxidante das oleaginosas e, apesar das varia??es interespec?ficas na resposta a esse processo, a deple??o do sistema antioxidante da CAT foi comum, deforma que a mensura??o da atividade desta enzima pode ser utilizada para identifica??o de lotes de sementes envelhecidas. / World consumption of vegetable oils has increased in recent years because of its application in food, chemical, pharmaceutical and, more recently, energy industry. However, oilseeds, which these oils are extracted, have low viability, affecting the cultivation and productivity of these species. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of aging on the coordination of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) antioxidant systems in safflower and sunflower. . Therefore, seeds were subjected to accelerated aging for 3, 6 and 9 days and grown in moistened paper towel for 72 hours. Additionally, before accelerated aging, sunflower seeds were pretreated by osmopriming with 10 mM ascorbate (ASC) or 3 amino 1,2,4 triazol (3-AT), a specific inhibitor of CAT activitie. The method of artificial aging used was efficient in both species, because it caused a decrease in germination, seedling development and growth, especially in safflower. The aging caused inhibition of CAT activity for both species and to compensate for such inhibition , sunflower increased mRNA expression of this enzyme , while safflower mobilized over the activity of APX. Analysis of the expression of malate synthase and sugar content demonstrated that sunflower seeds consumes lipid reserves in quiescent state, while the safflower is more dependent on carbohydrate. Pretreatment with 3-AT inhibited CAT activity and stimulated the APX, though with ASC acted reverse on these systems. None of the treatments recovered the physiological decline aging. It is concluded that aging change the oilseeds antioxidant metabolism, despite interspecies variations in response to this process, the depletion of the CAT antioxidant system was common. Because of this we propose that the measurement of CAT activity can be used to identify aging seed lots.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-03-03T19:55:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RayssaKarlaDeMedeirosOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 5161047 bytes, checksum: b9cdb0f408571e0784106130b004445a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-07T22:14:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RayssaKarlaDeMedeirosOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 5161047 bytes, checksum: b9cdb0f408571e0784106130b004445a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-07T22:14:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RayssaKarlaDeMedeirosOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 5161047 bytes, checksum: b9cdb0f408571e0784106130b004445a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Prote?nas do reparo por excis?o de bases (BER) t?m sido associadas a fun??es al?m do reparo e DNA. A apur?nica/apirimidinica endonuclease 1 (APE1) ? uma prote?na multifuncional envolvida em diversas atividades celulares como ativa??o redox de fatores de transcri??o, processamento de RNA e reparo de DNA. Alguns trabalhos t?m descrito a a??o da prote?na 8-oxoguanina (OGG1) na corre??o de les?es oxidadas no promotor como passo para a transcri??o de citocinas pro-inflamat?rias. Apesar de ser notadamente importante na ativa??o redox de fatores de transcri??o, como o fator nuclear ?B (NF- ?B) e AP-1, a atividade de reparo de APE1 ainda n?o foi associada ? resposta inflamat?ria. Neste trabalho, foram utilizadas an?lises bioinform?ticas e abordagens experimentais para investigar a rela??o entre a inibi??o do reparo de s?tios ab?sicos no DNA pela MX, mol?cula sint?tica inibidora indireta da atividade de reparo de APE1, e a modula??o de resposta inflamat?ria. Os resultados demonstraram que o tratamento de mon?citos com lipopolissacar?deo (LPS) e MX reduziu a express?o de citocinas, quimiocinas e receptores toll-like, e regulou negativamente processos biol?gicos da imunidade, como ativa??o de macr?fagos, e as vias ativadas pelo (NF-?B), fator de necrose tumoral (TNF-?) e interferon, sem induzir morte celular. A an?lise transcript?mica sugere que o tratamento LPS/MX induz disfun??es mitocondriais, estresse de ret?culo endoplasm?tico e ativa??o de vias de autofagia, provavelmente ativadas pelo comprometimento da energ?tica celular e/ou pelo ac?mulo de danos ao DNA, nuclear e mitocondrial. Adicionalmente, prop?e-se que a atividade de reparo de APE1 ? requerida para a transcri??o de genes inflamat?rios pela intera??o com s?tios ab?sicos no promotores espec?ficos e recrutamento de complexos transcricionais durante a sinaliza??o inflamat?ria. Este trabalho apresenta uma nova perspectiva acerca das intera??es entre a atividade do BER e a modula??o de resposta inflamat?ria, e sugere uma nova atividade para a prote?na APE1 como modular da resposta imune de maneira redox-independente. / Base excision repair (BER) proteins has been associated with functions beyond DNA repair. Apurynic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a multifunctional protein involved in a plethora of cellular activities, such as redox activation of transcription factors, RNA processing and DNA repair. Some studies have described the action of the protein 8-oxoguanine (OGG1) in correcting oxidized lesions in promoters as a step in the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Despite being especially important in redox activation of transcription factors such as nuclear factor ?B (NF-?B) and AP- 1, the repair activity of APE1 has not yet been associated with the inflammatory response. In this study, experimental and bioinformatic analysis approaches have been used to investigate the relationship between inhibition of the repair of abasic sites in DNA by MX, a synthetic molecule designed to inhibt the repair activity of APE1, and the modulation of the inflammatory response. The results showed that treatment of monocytes with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and MX reduced the expression of cytokines, chemokines and toll-like receptors, and negatively regulated biological immune processes, as macrophages activation, and NF-?B and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-?) and interferon pathways, without inducing cell death. The transcriptomic analysis suggests that LPS/MX treatment induces mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress and activation of autophagy pathways, probably activated by impairment of cellular energy and/or the accumulation of nuclear and mitochondria DNA damage. Additionally, it is proposed that the repair activity of APE1 is required for transcription of inflammatory genes by interaction with abasic sites at specific promoters and recruitment of transcriptional complexes during inflammatory signaling. This work presents a new perspective on the interactions between the BER activity and the modulation of inflammatory response, and suggests a new activity for APE1 protein as modulator of the immune response in a redox-independent manner.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-04-26T19:16:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EvellynCamaraGrilo_DISSERT.pdf: 1083379 bytes, checksum: 5c4378ae79f8da0ab5335caca60a8c5d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-28T21:55:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 EvellynCamaraGrilo_DISSERT.pdf: 1083379 bytes, checksum: 5c4378ae79f8da0ab5335caca60a8c5d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T21:55:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EvellynCamaraGrilo_DISSERT.pdf: 1083379 bytes, checksum: 5c4378ae79f8da0ab5335caca60a8c5d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-14 / As vitaminas A e E s?o nutrientes que possuem natureza lipof?lica e atuam em v?rios processos biol?gicos importantes, como a imunidade, reprodu??o, crescimento e desenvolvimento. Estas vitaminas s?o essenciais na fase inicial da vida e devem ser transferidas adequadamente da m?e para o filho durante a gesta??o e a lacta??o. A suplementa??o materna com vitamina A ? uma das estrat?gias de controle de sua defici?ncia no grupo materno-infantil, entretanto, estudos com animais evidenciaram que a suplementa??o com altas doses de vitamina A reduziu os n?veis de alfa-tocoferol (vitamina E) no soro e no leite. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influ?ncia da suplementa??o materna com vitamina A sobre a concentra??o de retinol e alfa-tocoferol nos leites colostro e maduro de lactantes. Pu?rperas a termo e saud?veis foram aleatoriamente distribu?das nos grupos controle (n = 44) e suplementado (n = 44). Amostras de sangue e leite colostro foram coletadas no p?s-parto imediato e uma amostra de leite maduro foi coletada ap?s 30 dias. O grupo suplementado recebeu uma suplementa??o com palmitato de retinila (200.000 UI), imediatamente ap?s a primeira coleta de colostro. O retinol e o alfa-tocoferol das amostras biol?gicas foram analisados por Cromatografia L?quida de Alta Efici?ncia (CLAE). Valores s?ricos abaixo de 20 ?g/dL para a vitamina A e 516 ?g/dL para a vitamina E foram indicativos de defici?ncia. As concentra??es de retinol e alfa-tocoferol no soro das lactantes foram 46,4 ? 15,9 ?g/ dL e 1.023,6 ? 380,4 ?g/ dL, respectivamente, sendo consideradas adequadas. No grupo suplementado, verificou-se um aumento significativo dos n?veis de retinol no leite colostro, 24 horas ap?s interven??o (p<0,001), entretanto, n?o foi observada diferen?a estat?stica entre a concentra??o de retinol no leite maduro dos grupos avaliados (p>0,05). Al?m disso, ap?s a suplementa??o materna com vitamina A, houve uma redu??o significativa na concentra??o de alfa-tocoferol no leite colostro (p<0,05), que correspondeu a um decl?nio de 16,4% dos n?veis de vitamina E. Por outro lado, a administra??o do suplemento n?o influenciou os n?veis de alfa-tocoferol no leite maduro (p>0,05). Diante disso, conclui-se que a suplementa??o materna com altas doses de vitamina A aumentou os n?veis desse micronutriente no leite colostro, por?m, reduziu a biodisponibilidade do alfa-tocoferol, o que pode trazer preju?zos ? sa?de do neonato, que possui reservas limitadas de vitamina E ao nascimento. / Vitamins A and E are lipophilic nutrients that act in many important biological processes, such as immunity, reproduction, growth, and development. These vitamins are essential during the initial phase of life and should be properly transferred from mother to child during pregnancy and lactation. Maternal supplementation with vitamin A is one of the strategies for controlling its deficiency in the mother-child dyad, but studies with animals showed that supplementation with high doses of vitamin A reduces the levels of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) in the mother?s serum and milk. Hence, the objective of this study was to assess the influence of maternal supplementation with vitamin A on the concentration of retinol and alpha-tocopherol in colostrum and mature milk. Healthy puerperal women with term deliveries were randomly distributed into a control group (n=44) and a supplemented group (n=44). Blood and colostrum samples were collected immediately after delivery, and mature blood samples were collected 30 days later. The supplemented group received 200,000 IU of retinyl palmitate immediately after the first colostrum collection. The retinol and alpha-tocopherol levels in the biological samples were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Serum vitamin A levels below 20 ?g/dL and serum vitamin E levels below 516 ?g/dL indicated deficiency. The retinol and alpha-tocopherol levels in the maternal serum were considered adequate at 46.4 ? 15.9 ?g/ dL and 1,023.6 ? 380.4 ?g/ dL, respectively. The colostrum retinol levels of the supplemented group increased significantly 24 hours after the intervention (p<0.001). However, the retinol levels in the mature milk of both groups did not differ (p>0.05). Moreover, after maternal supplementation with vitamin A, colostrum alpha-tocopherol level decreased by 16.4%, a significant reduction (p<0.05). However, vitamin A supplementation did not affect the alpha-tocopherol level of mature milk (p>0.05). In conclusion, maternal supplementation with high doses of vitamin A increased the colostrum level of this nutrient but reduced the bioavailability of alpha-tocopherol, which may harm the newborn?s health since newborns have limited vitamin E reserves.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-04-26T19:16:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MariliaMedeirosFernandesDeNegreiros_DISSERT.pdf: 2997173 bytes, checksum: 85466eb8c67b6b55509f4861197c4d35 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-28T22:23:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MariliaMedeirosFernandesDeNegreiros_DISSERT.pdf: 2997173 bytes, checksum: 85466eb8c67b6b55509f4861197c4d35 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T22:23:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariliaMedeirosFernandesDeNegreiros_DISSERT.pdf: 2997173 bytes, checksum: 85466eb8c67b6b55509f4861197c4d35 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-07 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / A produ??o de nanoparticulas de prata com extratos naturais tem sido apontada como uma excelente alternativa para potencializar ou fornecer novas aplicabilidades aos extratos. Extratos de polissacar?deos sulfatados de algas (ASP) apresentam propriedades farmacol?gicas, por?m h? poucos relatos da produ??o de nanopart?culas de prata com extratos ricos em polissacar?deos sulfatados (SPN). Assim, neste trabalho sintetizou-se SPN de algas encontradas no Brasil: Spatoglossum schr?ederi, Dictyopteris justii, Sargassum filipendula e Dictyota mertensii. A obten??o dos extratos ricos em polissacar?deos ocorreu por prote?lise seguida por precipita??o com metanol. A s?ntese das diferentes nanopart?culas ocorreu com a adi??o de solu??es de prata 1 mM em solu??es dos diferentes polissacar?deos e mantidos em repouso. Posteriormente as amostras foram centrifugadas e liofilizadas. A forma??o SPN foi confirmada por espectroscopia UV/vis?vel, microscopia eletr?nica de varredura e microscopia de for?a at?mica. O tamanho das SPN foi de 108 ? 2 nm; 82 ? 1nm; 288 ? 52 nm; 104 ? 2 nm para S. schr?ederi; D. justii; S. filipendula; D. mertensii, respectivamente e se manteve est?vel por catorze meses, os potenciais zeta foram negativos e as formas das SPN foram esf?ricas. Os resultados de diversos testes in vitro mostraram que as SPN potencializam as atividades antioxidantes de ASP. As SPN tamb?m foram biocompat?veis com c?lulas normais 3T3 (fibroblastos murinicos). Por outro lado, SPN de S schr?ederi e de D. mertensii tiveram atividade citot?xica (~60%) frente as c?lulas de melanoma mur?nico (B16F10) e acredita-se que a maior atividade citot?xica destas SPN ocorram devido aos seus pequenos tamanhos. SPN tamb?m tiveram grande capacidade antibacteriana. Nanopart?culas de D. justii e S. filipendula tiveram os melhores resultados, sendo necess?rio somente 50 ?g/mL para a morte da bact?ria E. coli e 100 ?g/mL para a morte de S. aureus. Hipotet?za-se que esta atividade ocorra por libera??o de prata pelas SPN. SPN tamb?m foram capazes de induzir a produ??o de ?xido n?trico e citocinas com perfil semelhante a os seus respectivos ASP, com exce??o para SPN de S. schr?ederi. Em geral, os resultados revelaram que a s?ntese de SPN a partir das ASP potencializa efeitos antioxidantes, citot?xico e antibacteriano dos ASP, al?m de apresentar o mesmo efeito imunomodulador de seus respectivos ASP. Os dados obtidos levam a propor que a s?ntese de SPN constituiu-se como um poss?vel mecanismo potencializador de atividades biol?gicas. / The production of silver nanoparticle containing natural extracts has been identified as an excellent alternative to enhance or provide new applicability for these extracts. Sulfated polysaccharides-rich extracts (ASP) from seaweeds showed several pharmacological properties, but there are few reports of the production of silver nanoparticle with sulfated polysaccharides (SPN). Therefore, this paper we synthesized SPN from seaweeds founded in Brazil: Spatoglossum schr?ederi, Dictyopteris justii, Sargassum filipendula e Dictyota mertensii. The obtainment of polysaccharides rich extracts it occurred by proteolysis followed by methanol precipitation. The synthesis of various nanoparticles occurred with the addition of silver solution 1 mM on different polysaccharides solutions and kept at rest. Subsequently the samples were centrifuge and lyophilized. The SPN formation was confirmed by UV/ visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The size of SPN was 108 ? 2 nm; 82 ? 1nm; 288 ? 52 nm; 104 ? 2 nm for S. schr?ederi; D. justii; S. filipendula; D. mertensii, respectively. The nanoparticules remained stable for fourteen months, the Zeta potential were negative and forms of SPN were rounded. Data from various antioxidant in vitro tests showed that the SPN were more effective than ASP. The SPN were also biocompatible with the normal cells 3T3 (murine fibroblast). Moreover, SPN of S. schr?ederi and of D. mertensii had cytotoxic activity (~60%) against melanoma cells (B16F10). We believe that the increased of cytotoxic activity of these SPN occur due to their small size. SPN also had great antibacterial capacity. D. justii and S. filipendula nanoparticles had the best results, requiring only 50 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL for induces E. coli and S. aureus death. We hypothesized that this activity occurs by release of SPN?s silver. SPN also increase the nitric oxide and cytokines release from macrophages as similar profile to the respective ASP, except for S. schr?ederi SPN. In general, the results showed that SPN were more effective as antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic agents than their respective ASP, as well as, SPN have shown the same immunomodulation effect of the respective ASP. The results lead to propose that the SPN synthesis constituted as a possible potentiating mechanism of biological activities of ASPs.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-04-26T19:16:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarinaSampaioDeMenezesCruz_DISSERT.pdf: 1274699 bytes, checksum: f39afb06729aedccb850680b592f9def (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-28T22:46:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MarinaSampaioDeMenezesCruz_DISSERT.pdf: 1274699 bytes, checksum: f39afb06729aedccb850680b592f9def (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T22:46:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarinaSampaioDeMenezesCruz_DISSERT.pdf: 1274699 bytes, checksum: f39afb06729aedccb850680b592f9def (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Os produtos naturais derivados de plantas servem de mat?ria-prima para a s?ntese de fitoter?picos, sendo amplamente utilizados por v?rias popula??es em todo o mundo. Dentre estes compostos, destacam-se as saponinas e seus metab?litos. Seu intenso uso ? decorrente de suas propriedades bioativas, somado a sua similaridade estrutural a horm?nios. As saponinas derivam-se em sapogeninas, como, por exemplo, a Diosgenina e a Hecogenina. Al?m de serem utilizadas na ind?stria farmac?utica para a produ??o de horm?nios e anti-inflamat?rios esteroidais, estas duas sapogeninas tamb?m s?o empregadas como fitoter?picos, estando presentes tamb?m em vegetais que comp?em a dieta de muitas popula??es. Apesar da vasta utiliza??o destes compostos, existe uma falta de informa??es sobre a toxicidade gen?tica, o que torna o consumo destas sapogeninas um risco para as popula??es. Diante deste contexto, o presente trabalho apresentou como objetivo investigar as potencialidades t?xicas, em n?vel celular e de DNA, da Diosgenina e da Hecogenina. Ensaios em c?lulas HepG2 para a avalia??o da citotoxicidade, genotoxicidade, e mutagenicidade foram realizados. Considerando os resultados obtidos com a Diosgenina, esta sapogenina revelou efeito citot?xico em concentra??es acima de 30 ?M, assim como induziu significativamente incrementos na frequ?ncia de danos no DNA e de micron?cleos. Por outro lado, a Hecogenina somente se revelou citot?xica acima de 150 ?M, por?m em concentra??es abaixo deste valor, foi capaz de induzir danos ao material gen?tico sem promover um aumento na frequ?ncia de micron?cleos. A an?lise do conjunto destes dados sugere que o consumo de alimentos, fitoter?picos ou de medicamentos que contenham a Diosgenina na sua composi??o apresenta um risco maior de toxicidade, quando comparados com as formula??es a base de Hecogenina, uma vez que a Diosgenina apresenta um potencial mutag?nico demonstrado por meio de um aumento significativo na frequ?ncia de micron?cleos que s?o biomarcadores de instabilidade gen?mica. / Natural products derived from plants are used as raw material for the synthesis of phytotherapeutics, and are widely used by many populations around the world. Among these compounds, there are the saponins and its metabolites. Its intense use is due to its bioactive properties, added to its structural similarity to hormones. Saponins derived in sapogenins, as Diosgenin and Hecogenin. Besides its use by pharmaceutical industries to synthesis of steroidal hormones and anti-inflammatories, these two sapogenins are also used as phytotherapeutics, being also present in vegetables from diets of many populations. Despite the widespread use of these compounds, there are a lack of information about their genetic toxicity, which makes the use of these sapogenins a risk. Given this context, the present work aimed to investigate the toxic potential of Diosgenin and Hecogenin, at cellular and DNA level. Assays with HepG2 cells was performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity. Considering the results obtained with Diosgenin, that sapogenin showed cytotoxic effects at concentrations higher than 30 ?M, as well as significantly induced increases in frequency of DNA damage and micronucleus. On the other hand, Hecogenin only revealed cytotoxicity above 150 ?M, however, at concentrations below this value, it was able to induce DNA damage without promote an increase in micronucleus frequency. The analysis of these results together suggests that the consumption of foods, phyotheraputics or medicines containing Diosgenin on its composition, presents a higher risk of toxicity when compared with formulations with Hecogenin, since Diosgenin shows a mutagenic potential demonstrated by a significant increase in micronucleus frequency, which are biomarkers of genome instability.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-08-09T23:35:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VirginiaPenellopeMacedoESilva_TESE.pdf: 2028754 bytes, checksum: 8e6e495b2056248d59d55bf24abbf089 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-08-15T22:34:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 VirginiaPenellopeMacedoESilva_TESE.pdf: 2028754 bytes, checksum: 8e6e495b2056248d59d55bf24abbf089 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-15T22:34:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VirginiaPenellopeMacedoESilva_TESE.pdf: 2028754 bytes, checksum: 8e6e495b2056248d59d55bf24abbf089 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Nas Am?ricas, a infec??o por Leishmania tem como principal agente etiol?gico Leishmania infantum. Nos ?ltimos 30 anos o padr?o de distribui??o das leishmanioses tem mudado substancialmente e a doen?a tem apresentado um perfil emergente na periferia dos grandes centros urbanos. A infec??o por Leishmania pode evoluir com um amplo espectro cl?nico desde o acometimento da pele, mucosas e v?sceras. Dos indiv?duos infectados por L. infantum apenas 10% desenvolvem a doen?a, sabe-se que 90% da infec??o humana ? assintom?tica e diversos fatores est?o envolvidos no curso da infec??o. Os principais fatores envolvidos no desenvolvimento da doen?a s?o a resposta imune do hospedeiro, a esp?cie e o conte?do g?nico do parasita. O sequenciamento dos isolados de Leishmania poderia aumentar a compreens?o acerca da sintomatologia dos indiv?duos. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a diversidade gen?tica de cepas de Leishmania circulantes entre humanos, sintom?ticos e assintom?ticos e c?es de ?reas end?micas do Rio Grande do Norte. A variabilidade gen?tica de um grupo de amostras de humanos e caninos com a doen?a visceral, doen?a cut?nea e infec??o assintom?tica foi avaliado com os marcadores moleculares hsp70 e ITS1. O genoma completo de 20 isolados de Leishmania oriundos de humanos, sintom?ticos e assintom?ticos, e c?es foram sequenciados para avaliar a diversidade dessas amostras. Os fragmentos amplificados de hsp70 e ITS1 das amostras e foram analisados e montadas utilizando o pacote Phred/Phrap. Os dendogramas foram constru?dos aplicando o m?todo neighbor joining com 500 bootstraps, seguido das infer?ncias sobre as rela??es entre as variantes de Leishmania. As sequ?ncias dos 20 isolados brasileiros foram mapeadas com o genoma de refer?ncia Leishmania infantum JPCM5, usando o programa Bowtie2, com identifica??o de 36 contigs. As informa??es dos SNPs v?lidos foram utilizadas na PCA. Os SNPs foram visualizados pelo Geneious 7.1 e IGV. As anota??es do genoma foram ent?o transferidas para seus respectivos cromossomos e visualizadas utilizando o Geneious. As sequ?ncias consenso de todos os cromossomos (com m?nimo de 75% das reads com a mesma base) foram alinhadas usando Mauve. As ?rvores filogen?ticas foram calculadas de acordo com c?lculos de m?xima verossimilhan?a e modelos JTT. Como resultados obtivemos que hsp70 e ITS1 n?o foram capazes de definir variabilidade gen?tica entre os isolados de humanos e c?es; nem para os isolados de cultura e de sangue perif?rico, oriundos de um mesmo paciente.O sequenciamento gen?mico dos 20 isolados brasileiros revelou uma forte rela??o entre as cepas de Leishmania circulantes em no Rio Grande do Norte. Os isolados da Grande Natal de humanos e caninos permaneceram agrupados em todas as an?lises, sugerindo que existe proximidade genot?pica e geogr?fica entre os isolados. As amostras isoladas na d?cada de 1990 apresentaram uma maior diversidade genot?pica quando comparadas as amostras recentemente isoladas. De forma geral, n?o encontramos correla??o entre as formas cl?nicas sintom?ticas e assintom?ticas e o conte?do g?nico dos isolados brasileiros de Leishmania. / Leishmania infantum is the main etiologic agent of visceral leishmaniasis in the New World. The pattern of distribution of leishmaniasis has changed substantially and has presented an emerging profile within the periphery of the Large Urban Centers. Leishmania infection can compromise skin, mucosa and viscera. Only 10% of the individuals infected develop the disease and 90% of human infection is asymptomatic. The main factors involved in the development of the disease are the host immune response, the vector?s species and the parasite?s genetic content. The sequencing of Leishmania isolated seeks to increase the understanding of the symptoms of individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of circulating Leishmania strains among humans, and symptomatic and asymptomatic, and dogs from endemic areas of Rio Grande do Norte State and analyze sandflies from endemic areas for cutaneous and visceral disease. The genetic variability was evaluated by the use of markers hsp70 , ITS1 and a whole genome sequencing was also carried out. The amplified hsp70 and ITS1 of samples were analyzed and assembled using a Phred / Phrap package. The dendograms were constructed using the same methodology, but adding 500 bootstraps, followed by inferences on the relationships between Leishmania variants. The sequences of the 20 Brazilian isolates were mapped to the reference genome L. infantum JPCM5, using the Bowtie2 program and the identification of 36 contigs. The information of the valid SNPs were used in the PCA. SNPs were visualized by Geneious 7.1 and IGV. The genome annotations were transferred to their respective chromosomes and displayed on Geneious. The matching sequences of all chromosomes were aligned using Mauve. The phylogenetic trees were calculated according to maximum likelihood and JTT models. Sandflies were analyzed by PCR for the identification of Leishmania infection, a blood meal source and GAPDH sand fly. As a result, hsp70 and ITS1 were not capable of identifying genetic variability among human isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic, and dogs. The complete sequencing of the 20 Brazilian isolates revealed a strong similarity between the circulating Leishmania strains in Rio Grande do Norte. The isolates collected in the city of Natal from humans and canines remained grouped in all analyzes, suggesting that there is genotypic and geographic proximity among the isolates. The isolated samples in the 1990s had a higher genotypic diversity when compared to freshly isolated samples. All isolates presented 36 chromosomes with variable ploidy among them, no correlation was found between the number of amastina genes copies, gp63, A2 and SSG with such clinic forms. In general, we did not find correlation between symptomatic and asymptomatic clinical forms and the gene content of the Brazilian isolates of Leishmania. 34,28% of the sandflies collected in the upper west region were L. longipalpis and the main sources of blood meal were humans, dogs and chickens.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PaulaRM_TESE_CAPA_PAG_145.pdf: 2412975 bytes, checksum: 1debc39154a40b289790305c460cc983 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The temporal allocation of the active phase in relation to light and dark cycle (LD) changes during puberty in humans, degus, rats and rhesus. In marmosets, the animal model used in several biomedical researches, there is evidence of a delay at the beginning of the active phase and an increase in total daily activity after onset of puberty. However, as this aspect was evaluated in animals maintained in natural environmental conditions, it was not possible to distinguish between the effects of puberty and of seasonality. Furthermore, as motor activity is the result of different behaviors in this species, it is also important to characterize the diurnal distribution of other behaviors in juvenile stage. With the aim of characterizing the circadian rhythm of motor activity and the diurnal profile of affiliative behavior in marmosets, the motor activity of 5 dyads juveniles between 4 and 12 months of age and their parents was recorded continuously for act?metro. The families were maintained under artificial LD 12:12 h, constant temperature and humidity. The duration of grooming behavior, proximity and social play among juveniles was recorded 2 times a week in sessions of 15 minutes each hour of the active phase. Afetr onset of puberty in juvenile, it was observed that there was no change in the parameters of circadian motor activity rhythm which were common to most animals. Despite the absence of pubertal modulation, it was observed that the circadian activity profiles have stronger synchrony between individuals of the same family than that of different families, which may indicate that the circadian activity rhythm was modulated by the dynamics of social interactions. In relation to age, the total daily activity and the ratio between evening and morning activity (EA/MA) were higher in juveniles than in adults, which may be associated with differences in the circadian timing system between age groups. Furthermore, the onset of the 10 consecutive hours of higher activity (M10) occurred earlier in adult males than in other members of the group, probably as a way to avoid competition for resources in one of the first activities of the day that is foraging. During the juvenile stage, there was an increase in total daily activity that may be associated with increased motor ability of juveniles. In addition to the circadian activity rhythm, the daytime profile of proximity and social play behaviors was similar between the 5th and 12th month of life of juveniles, in which the interval between 7- 10 h in the morning showed the highest values of proximity and lower values of play social. Moreover, the duration of the grooming showed a similar distribution to adults from the 8th month, wherein the higher values occurring at the interval between 11 14 h of day. Considering the results, the parameters of the circadian activity rhythm had a greater influence of social factors than puberty. In relation to age, there were no changes related to the allocation of the active phase in relation to the LD cycle, but total daily activity, the ratio AV/AM and the start of the M10 is possible to observe differences between juveniles and adults / A aloca??o temporal da fase ativa em rela??o ao ciclo claro e escuro (CE) modifica-se durante a puberdade em humanos, degus, ratos e rhesus. Em sagui, modelo animal utilizado em diversas pesquisas biom?dicas, h? evid?ncias de um avan?o no in?cio da fase ativa e um aumento no total di?rio da atividade ap?s a entrada na puberdade. Entretanto, como este aspecto foi avaliado em animais mantidos em condi??es ambientais naturais, n?o foi poss?vel distinguir entre os efeitos da puberdade e da sazonalidade. Al?m disso, como a atividade motora ? resultado dos diversos comportamentos nessa esp?cie, torna-se importante tamb?m caracterizar a distribui??o diurna de outros comportamentos na fase juvenil. Com o objetivo de caracterizar o ritmo circadiano de atividade motora e o perfil circadiano dos comportamentos afiliativos em saguis, a atividade motora de 5 d?ades de juvenis entre o 4? e 12? meses de vida e seus respectivos pais foi registrada continuamente por act?metro. As fam?lias estavam vivendo sob ciclo CE artificial 12:12 h e temperatura e umidade constantes. A dura??o dos comportamentos de cata??o, proximidade e brincadeira social entre os juvenis foi registrada 2 vezes por semana, em sess?es de 15 minutos a cada hora da fase ativa. Ap?s a entrada na puberdade dos juvenis, observou-se que n?o houve modifica??es nos par?metros do ritmo circadiano da atividade motora que fossem comuns a maioria dos animais. Apesar da aus?ncia de modula??o puberal, foi observado que os perfis circadianos da atividade t?m sincronia mais forte entre os indiv?duos de uma mesma fam?lia do que entre fam?lias diferentes, o que pode indicar que o ritmo circadiano de atividade motora foi modulado pela din?mica das intera??es sociais. Em rela??o ?s faixas et?rias, o total di?rio da atividade e a raz?o entre a atividade vespertina e matutina (AV/AM) foram maiores nos juvenis do que nos adultos, o que pode est? associado a diferen?as no sistema de temporiza??o entre as faixas et?rias. Al?m disso, o in?cio das 10 h consecutivas de maior atividade (M10) ocorreu mais cedo nos machos adultos do que nos demais membros do grupo, provavelmente como forma de evitar a competi??o por recursos em uma das primeiras atividades do dia que ? o forrageio. Ao longo da fase juvenil, houve um aumento no total di?rio da atividade que pode estar associado ao aumento da habilidade motora nos juvenis. Al?m do ritmo circadiano de atividade motora, o perfil diurno dos comportamentos de proximidade e brincadeira social foi semelhante entre o 5? e o 12? m?s de vida dos juvenis, nos quais o intervalo entre 7-10 h da manh? apresentou os maiores valores da proximidade e os menores valores da brincadeira social. Por outro lado, a dura??o da cata??o apresentou uma distribui??o semelhante aos adultos a partir do 8? m?s, em que os maiores valores ocorreram no intervalo entre 11-14 h. Tendo em vista os resultados, os par?metros do ritmo circadiano de atividade motora tiveram uma influencia maior dos fatores sociais do que puberais. Em rela??o ? faixa et?ria, n?o houve modifica??es relacionadas ? aloca??o da fase ativa em rela??o ao ciclo CE, mas no total di?rio da atividade, na raz?o AV/AM e no in?cio do M10 ? poss?vel observar diferen?as entre juvenis e adultos