Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-09-04T19:09:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 474617 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1140625 bytes, checksum: 1e763d7b5cf7e0a7ceeb1f2842c8c315 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-04T19:09:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 474617 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1140625 bytes, checksum: 1e763d7b5cf7e0a7ceeb1f2842c8c315 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This paper aims to investigate the influence of normalization in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and multislice computed tomography (MSCT) grey level to assess bone quality of recipient sites for dental implants. DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) images from 37 bone sites (18 patients) were analyzed. CBCT was performed with 5 different CBCT devices and MSCT in a single multislice CT scanner. Measurements of mean grey level were performed in two regions of interest; ROI1 - alveolar bone (cortical and trabecular) and ROI2 - cancellous bone separately with 3 tested forms: no normalization (RAW), normalization of the whole image (ALL) and normalization of the region of interest only (ROI). Descriptive analysis with coefficient of variation (CV) and one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey was performed. For MSCT, ROI1 mean grey level slightly increased from 121.9+-17.13 (RAW) to 125.0+-15.74 (ALL) (p>0.05) and reduced to 104.8+-15.20 (ROI) (p<0.0001). CV varied from 14.05%, to 12.59% and 14.50%, respectively. ROI2 increased from 95.11+-13.96 (RAW) to 99.40+-13.62 (ALL) and 102.5+-17.86 (ROI) (p=0.0678). CV was 14.67% to 13.71% and 17.43%, respectively. In CBCT group, ROI1 meaningfully raise from 91.73+-32.17 (RAW) to 135.2+-36.06 (ALL) and 118.7+-18.65 (ROI) (p<0.0001), with CV decreasing from 35.06% to 26.68% and 15.71%, respectively. ROI2 was 81.23+-34.36, 115.3+-28.53 and 109.4+-17.47, respectively (p=0.0002), with a CV reducing from 42.30% (RAW) to 24.74% (ALL) and 15.97% (ROI). Therefore, the use of intensity normalization of CBCT and MSCT examinations was demonstrated on reducing discrepancies between different scanners and inter-exams variability in bone quality assessment for dental implants. / Este trabalho objetiva investigar a influ?ncia da normaliza??o dos n?veis de cinza em tomografias cone beam (CBCT) e multislice (MSCT). Imagens DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) de 37 s?tios ?sseos (18 pacientes) foram analisadas. As tomografias CBCT foram realizadas em 5 diferentes aparelhos e as tomografias MSCT foram obtidas em um ?nico tom?grafo. As medi??es dos n?veis de cinza foram feitas em duas regi?es de interesse; ROI1 - osso alveolar (cortical e medular) e ROI2 - osso medular separadamente, de 3 formas distintas: sem normaliza??o (RAW), normaliza??o de toda a imagem (ALL) e normaliza??o da regi?o de interesse apenas (ROI). An?lise descritiva com coeficiente de varia??o (CV) e teste ANOVA seguido de Tukey foi realizado. Para as MSCT, a m?dia dos n?veis de cinza da ROI1 aumentaram levemente de 121,9+-17,13 (RAW) para 125,0+-15,74 (ALL) (p>0,05) e reduziram para 104,8+-15,20 (ROI) (p<0,0001). O CV variou de 14,05%, para 12,59% and 14,50%, respectivamente. Na ROI2 a m?dia aumentou de 95,11+-13,96 (RAW) para 99,40+-13,62 (ALL) e 102,5+-17,86 (ROI) (p=0,0678). O CV foi de 14,67% para 13,71% e 17,43%, respectivamente. No grupo CBCT, a m?dia de ROI1 aumentou significativamente de 91,73+-32,17 (RAW) para 135,2+-36,06 (ALL) e 118,7+-18,65 (ROI) (p<0,0001), com o CV diminuindo de 35,06% para 26,68% e 15,71%, respectivamente. A m?dia da ROI2 foi 81,23+-34,36, 115,3+-28,53 and 109,4+-17,47, respectivamente (p=0,0002), com um CV reduzindo de 42,30% (RAW) para 24,74% (ALL) e 15,97% (ROI). Desta forma, foi demonstrada a redu??o das discrep?ncias entre diferentes aparelhos e da variabilidade entre exames com a utiliza??o da normaliza??o de intensidade de exames CBCT e MSCT na avalia??o da qualidade ?ssea para implantes dentais.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-09-04T19:35:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 474592 - Texto Completo.pdf: 757600 bytes, checksum: b10e64c161ec1e67c4e8d9aa24a580ae (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-04T19:35:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 474592 - Texto Completo.pdf: 757600 bytes, checksum: b10e64c161ec1e67c4e8d9aa24a580ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / An appropriate monomer conversion of composite resins is very important to improve your biocompatibility. The aim of this study was to evaluate additional polymerization methods of dental resins cytotoxicity. A total of 72 samples were prepared from the following materials: Filtek Z350XT? (3M/ESPE, St Paul, MN, EUA), Sinfony (3M/ESPE, St Paul, MN, EUA), Lava Ultimate (3M/ESPE, St Paul, MN, EUA). The used color was A2 for all composite resins. To Filtek Z350XT and Sinfony a Teflon mould (3x2mm) was used. From Lava Ultimate block 1,6mm cubes was cutting with diamond discs and digital pachymeter. Samples was divided in 4 groups: FK Group: 20s LED polymerization, S Group: Sinfony with light and vacuum additional polymerization, L Group: Lava Ultimate, FPA Group: Filtek Z350XT with light and vacuum additional polymerization. Evaluate specimens was stored in DMEM medium for 24, 48 and 72 hours respectively. Thereafter, culture medium was in contact with NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. MTT test determined cellular viability. Statistical analysis realized by Levene and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests (?=0,05). The S group show the lower cytotoxicity. Additional polymerization of FK group wasn?t efficient to cellular viability. Sinfony presented minor cytotoxicity among all tested materials. Light and vacuum additional polymerization of Filtek Z350XT don?t improve your cytotoxicity results when compared with direct polymerization of the same dental composite. / Um satisfat?rio grau de convers?o do mon?mero ? importante para melhorar a biocompatibilidade das resinas compostas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito dos m?todos de polimeriza??o adicional na citotoxicidade de diferentes comp?sitos restauradores. Para isso foram confeccionadas 18 amostras de cada uma das seguintes resinas testadas: Filtek Z350XT? (3M/ESPE, St Paul, MN, EUA), Sinfony (3M/ESPE, St Paul, MN, EUA), Lava Ultimate (3M/ESPE, St Paul, MN, EUA). A cor usada em todas as reinas foi a A2 de corpo. Para as resinas Filtek Z350XT e Sinfony utilizaram-se moldes de politetrafluoretileno de 3x2mm. Para a resina Lava Ultimate foram cortados do bloco cubos com 1,6mm de face usando um disco diamantado e paqu?metro digital. As amostras foram divididas em 4 grupos: Grupo FK: Filtek Z350XT polimerizada por 20s com LED, Grupo S: Sinfony com polimeriza??o adicional com luz e v?cuo, Grupo L: Lava Ultimate, Grupo FPA: Filtek Z350XT com polimeriza??o adicional com luz e v?cuo. As esp?cies avaliadas estiveram em contato com meio DMEM por um per?odo de incuba??o de 24, 48 e 72 horas respectivamente. Ap?s, o meio de cultura foi colocado em contato com as c?lulas de fibroblastos NIH/3T3. Teste de MTT foi realizado para an?lise da viabilidade celular. Testes de Levene e Kolmogorov-Smirnov (?=0,05) foram utilizados para an?lise estat?stica. O grupo S apresentou-se com a citotoxicidade mais baixa. J? a polimeriza??o adicional no grupo FK n?o mostrou-se eficiente para a viabilidade celular. A resina Sinfony apresentou a menor citotoxicidade dentre os tr?s materiais analisados. Uma polimeriza??o adicional por luz e v?cuo na resina Filtek Z350XT n?o melhora seu resultado para citotoxicidade quando comparado a polimeriza??o direta da mesma.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-10-15T11:36:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 475702 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1550621 bytes, checksum: 0c7df03438a51b55173890c20f0cec58 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-15T11:36:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 475702 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1550621 bytes, checksum: 0c7df03438a51b55173890c20f0cec58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-27 / PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate three-dimensional displacements and rotational changes of the mandibular condyles in patients with dentofacial deformities underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery, through of computerized cone beam tomography (CBCT) and tools and generation and superimposition softwares of virtual 3D models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The retrospective study used pre CBCT pre- (T0) and postoperative (T1) after 6 months of bimaxillary orthognathic surgery of 20 patients with skeletal malocclusion, equally divided into two groups (10 Class III and 10 Class II of Angle). An automatic superimposition method based on the gray scale of each voxel in the skull base was used to register and render the virtual 3D models of the mandibular condyles. The displacements were visualized and quantified in color-coded maps generated from the calculation of the distances between the closest points of two surfaces (representatives of different times, T0-T1) and by semitransparenct overlays of 3D virtual models pre and post surgical. The changes were quantified on 5 different surfaces of the condyle and were only recorded with values greater than 1.5 mm. To compare the two measurements (T0-T1), because they are paired data, we used the student t test for differences between the two groups Class II and Class III. The level of significance used was p <0.05. Demographic data for the two groups showed a normal distribution by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and its variables were compared using the Student t test for paired samples. RESULTS: The Class III group presented greater displacement outward or bone apposition on the posterior surface and greater displacement inward or bone resorption on the upper surface of the condyle. The Class II group presented greater displacement outward or bone apposition on the upper surface and greater displacement inward or bone resorption on the lateral pole of the condyle. For the Class III group, the predominant rotational displacements were medial roll (10%), medial yaw (15%), pitch down (25%). As for the Class II group, were the predominant medial and lateral roll (5%), medial yaw (20%), pitch up (45%). CONCLUSION: The study confirms that postsurgical adaptations occur after 6 months of bimaxillary orthognathic surgery, and the displacements and rotations condylar larger than 1.5 mm were observed in both groups. The Class II group showed the greatest change condylar, though neither group showed dysfunctional condylar bone remodeling, keeping the postsurgical adaptation relatively stable. / OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar tridimensionalmente os deslocamentos e altera??es rotacionais dos c?ndilos mandibulares em pacientes com deformidades dentofaciais submetidos ? cirurgia ortogn?tica bimaxilar, atrav?s de Tomografia Computadorizada Cone Beam (TCCB) e de ferramentas e softwares de gera??o e superposi??o de modelos virtuais 3D. MATERIAIS E M?TODOS: O estudo retrospectivo usou TCCB pr? (T0) e p?s-operat?rias (T1) ap?s 6 meses de cirurgia ortogn?tica bimaxilar de 20 pacientes com maloclus?o esquel?tica, divididos igualmente em dois grupos (10 Classe III e 10 Classe II de Angle). Um m?todo de superposi??o autom?tico baseado na escala de cinza de cada voxel na base do cr?nio foi usado para registrar e renderizar os modelos virtuais 3D dos c?ndilos mandibulares. Os deslocamentos foram visualizados e quantificados em mapas de codifica??o coloridos gerados a partir do c?lculo das dist?ncias entre os pontos mais pr?ximos de duas superf?cies (representantes de tempos distintos - T0 e T1) e por sobreposi??o por semitranspar?ncia dos modelos virtuais 3D pr? e p?s cir?rgicos. As altera??es foram quantificadas em 5 diferentes superf?cies do c?ndilo e s? foram registradas com valores maiores do que 1,5 mm. Para a compara??o entre as duas medi??es realizadas (T0-T1), por se tratarem de dados pareados, foi utilizado o teste t student para as diferen?as entre os dois grupos Classe II e Classe III. O n?vel de signific?ncia usado foi p> 0,05. Os dados demogr?ficos para os dois grupos mostraram uma distribui??o normal, segundo o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, e suas vari?veis foram comparadas com o teste t student para amostras pareadas. RESULTADOS: O grupo Classe III apresentou maior deslocamento para fora (outward) ou aposi??o ?ssea na superf?cie posterior e maior deslocamento para dentro (inward) ou reabsor??o ?ssea na superf?cie superior do c?ndilo. O grupo Classe II apresentou maior deslocamento para fora (outward) ou aposi??o ?ssea na superf?cie superior e maior deslocamento para dentro (inward) ou reabsor??o ?ssea no p?lo lateral. Para o grupo Classe III, os deslocamentos rotacionais predominantes foram o roll medial (10%), yaw medial (15%), pitch para baixo (25%). J? para o grupo Classe II, os predominantes foram o roll medial e lateral (5%), yaw medial (20%), pitch para cima (45%). CONCLUS?O: O estudo comprova que adapta??es p?s-cir?rgicas ocorrem ap?s 6 meses de cirurgia ortogn?tica bimaxilar, e os deslocamentos e rota??es condilares maiores do que 1,5 mm foram observadas nos dois grupos. O grupo Classe II apresentou maior altera??o condilar, entretanto nenhum grupo apresentou remodela??o ?ssea condilar disfuncional, mantendo a adapta??o p?s-cir?rgica relativamente est?vel.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-10-15T11:49:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 475701 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1116299 bytes, checksum: 15319adc3058d6109c562e568c6d8a3d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-15T11:49:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 475701 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1116299 bytes, checksum: 15319adc3058d6109c562e568c6d8a3d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-30 / Technically all steps are crucial to obtain excellence in required endodontic treatment. To minimize accidents during the preparation chemical and mechanical changes in the methods and instrumentation in nickel titanium endodontic instruments has been suggested. New instruments are often launched on the market without proper knowledge of their properties and limitations, therefore, the purpose of this thesis was to evaluate the defects in surfaces of instruments reciprocantes Unicone and Prodesign, comparing them to the instruments of continuous rotation Prodesign S and Wizard Navigator. Each system was used three times in simulated root canals and the surfaces of instruments were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. After statistical analysis of the results, it was concluded that the instruments reciprocantes Prodesign and Unicone presented a progressive increase of surface defects, suggesting that single use for increased security during the treatment. The instruments of continuous rotation Wizard Navigator and Prodesign S presented smaller defects after the third use in relation to flute deformation, but with a trend to enhance material loss. In addition, a review of the literature was performed to cover the findings of recent years on reciprocal and continuous systems. / Tecnicamente todas as etapas s?o cruciais para obter-se excel?ncia no tratamento endod?ntico. Visando a minimizar acidentes durante a realiza??o do preparo qu?mico-mec?nico, modifica??es nos m?todos de instrumenta??o e nos instrumentos endod?nticos de n?quel tit?nio t?m sido sugeridas. Novos instrumentos s?o muitas vezes lan?ados no mercado sem o devido conhecimento de suas propriedades e limita??es, portanto o objetivo desta tese foi avaliar os defeitos de superf?cies dos instrumentos reciprocantes Unicone e Prodesign, comparando-os aos instrumentos de rota??o cont?nua Prodesign S e Wizard Navigator. Cada sistema foi utilizado tr?s vezes, em canais simulados, e as superf?cies dos instrumentos foram analisadas atrav?s da microscopia eletr?nica de varredura. Ap?s an?lise estat?stica dos resultados, concluiu-se que os instrumentos reciprocantes Prodesign e Unicone apresentaram aumento progressivo de defeitos de superf?cie, o que sugere utiliza??o ?nica para maior seguran?a durante o tratamento. Os instrumentos de rota??o cont?nua Wizard Navigator e Prodesign S apresentaram menores defeitos ap?s o terceiro uso em rela??o a deforma??o das espiras, por?m estes instrumentos apresentam uma tend?ncia maior a perda de material da superf?cie. Adicionalmente uma revis?o de literatura foi realizada com intuito de abranger os achados dos ?ltimos anos sobre sistemas rec?procos e cont?nuos.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-10-27T10:50:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 475906 - Texto Completo.pdf: 2818432 bytes, checksum: ef1bbe62cc37365a42f48dd4ca4182ea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-27T10:50:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 475906 - Texto Completo.pdf: 2818432 bytes, checksum: ef1bbe62cc37365a42f48dd4ca4182ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-17 / Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is an important side-effect of bisphosphonates. The condition has high morbidity and its treatment is difficult, where many therapies have been tried including antibiotics, surgical interventions, and also some alternative therapies such as low-level laser therapy, platelet-rich plasma and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). Nevertheless, there is no consensus about the effectiveness of HBOT in BRONJ. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of HBOT on tooth extraction site in rats treated with bisphosphonate. Thirty-five Wistar rats were treated with zoledronic acid, subjected to tooth extractions and allocated into groups according to HBOT regimen: (1) 7 days of HBOT; (2) 14 days of HBOT; (3) without HBOT (7-day control); (4) without HBOT (14-day control). The site of tooth extractions was analyzed by histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry. Bone exposure volume did not significantly differ between pre- and post-HBOT or between test groups and controls.At 7 days, the HBOT group showed amounts of epithelium and root fragment that were significantly less than the control. At 14 days, non-vital bone was significantly less in the HBOT group than in the control. HBOT groups compared to each other showed higher amounts of non-vital bone and less root fragment at 7 days. The HBOT group showed at 7 days lower expression of VEGF, RANKL, BMP-2 and OPG compared to the control, whereas at 14 days, there was no significant difference. Comparing HBOT groups at 7 and 14 days to each other, VEGF and OPG showed significantly higher expression at 14 days, whereas RANKL and BMP-2 did not show any significance.Conclusion: HBOT can reduce the amounts of non-vital bone microscopically detected in tooth extraction sites of rats subjected to bisphosphonate therapy. The effect seems to occur in a dose-dependent mode. Further studies are required to clarify the mechanisms accounting for this effect. / A osteonecrose maxilar associada aos bisfosfonatos (bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, BRONJ) ? um importante efeito adverso desses f?rmacos. A condi??o exibe elevada morbidade e dif?cil tratamento, sendo que v?rias modalidades terap?uticas t?m sido empregadas, entre as quais se destacam antibioticoterapia, interven??es cir?rgicas e terapias alternativas como a terapia a laser de baixa intensidade, plasma rico em plaquetas e oxigenoterapia hiperb?rica (hyperbaric oxygen therapy, HBOT). Entretanto, n?o existe consenso sobre a efetividade da HBOT no tratamento da BRONJ. O presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar o efeito da HBOT em s?tio de exodontias em ratos sob tratamento com bisfosfonatos. Trinta e cinco ratos Wistar foram tratados com ?cido zoledr?nico, submetidos a exodontias e distribu?dos em grupos de acordo com o regime de HBOT recebido: (1) 7 dias de HBOT; (2) 14 dias de HBOT; (3) sem HBOT (controle de 7 dias); (4) sem HBOT (controle de 14 dias). O s?tio das exodontias foi analisado por meio de histomorfometria e imunoistoqu?mica. O volume de exposi??o ?ssea n?o diferiu significativamente entre os per?odos pr?- e p?s-HBOT, nem entre grupo-teste e controle.Aos 7 dias, o grupo HBOT exibiu propor??o de epit?lio e resto radicular significativamente menor que o controle. Aos 14 dias, a propor??o de osso n?o-vital foi significativamente menor no grupo HBOT que no controle. Quando os grupos-teste foram comparados entre si, foi observada maior propor??o de osso n?o-vital e menor propor??o de resto radicular aos 7 dias. O grupo HBOT exibiu, aos 7 dias, express?o de VEGF, RANKL, BMP-2 e OPG significativamente menor que o controle, enquanto aos 14 dias essa diferen?a n?o foi significativa. Quando os grupos-teste foram comparados entre si, VEGF e OPG exibiram express?o significativamente maior aos 14 dias, enquanto RANKL e BMP-2 n?o exibiram diferen?a significativa.Conclus?o: A HBOT est? associada a menor propor??o de osso n?o-vital detectado microscopicamente em s?tios de exodontias de ratos submetidos a terapia com bisfosfonato. O efeito parece ser dose-dependente e novos estudos s?o necess?rios para esclarecer os mecanismos respons?veis por esse efeito.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-11-20T16:00:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 476332 - Texto Parcial.pdf: 183531 bytes, checksum: ea697ef5b7144b539d0c8a032872b93c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-20T16:00:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 476332 - Texto Parcial.pdf: 183531 bytes, checksum: ea697ef5b7144b539d0c8a032872b93c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-28 / It is well known that Oral Appliance (OA) are efficient for the treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in adults. However, evidence for its use in children is still debated. Although surgery is the standard treatment for OSA in this population, OA may be an alternative in situations where there are no clinical conditions for surgical procedures or when this is not an immediate option. Positioning the jaw in a protrusive position during sleep, the devices prevent the collapse of the pharynx. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of an OA for the treatment of OSA in pediatric patients. Patients aged between 5 and 12 years, on the waiting list for adenoamigdalectomy, were selected in the outpatient clinic of otorhinolaryngology of two university hospitals. Dental conditions, as well as sleep bruxism (SB), signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders, according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC/TMD) were analyzed, and a sleep questionnaire was applied. The clinical diagnosis of OSA was confirmed through an exam of home portable polysomnography (ApneaLink?, version 9.00, ResMed Corporation). All the exams were revised by one of the researchers, following the 2005 guidelines of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. After the diagnosis was confirmed, the OA was made in the School of Odontology. A new portable study was performed after 60 days of use of the OA. Eighteen individuals were evaluated; mean age was 8.39 years. Initial mean respiratory disorder index (RDI) was 10 events/hour (interval 3-39 events/hour), when compared to 3 events/hour (interval 0-11 events/hour) using the IOD (p<0.001, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test). The SpO2 Nadir increased from 83.5% (interval of 65%-93%) to 89.5% (interval of 79-95%), after the use of OA (P 0.002). The number of episodes of snoring also decreased with the treatment (p<0.001). No complaints were reported during the follow-up. With regard to the BiteStrip, a reduction of 66 % was observed in the prevalence of patients with SB. The report of parents when answering the sleep questionnaire showed significant improvement in all aspects analyzed. In special or individualized circumstances, OA may be considered an alternative for the treatment of children with OSA. / Os aparelhos intraorais (AIO) s?o reconhecidamente eficientes para tratamento da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAOS) em adultos. Entretanto, as evid?ncias para seu uso em crian?as ainda s?o discutidas. Embora a cirurgia seja o tratamento padr?o para a SAOS nesta popula??o, o AIO pode ser uma alternativa em situa??es onde n?o existem condi??es cl?nicas para procedimentos cir?rgicos ou esta n?o ? uma op??o imediata. Posicionando a mand?bula numa posi??o protrusiva durante o sono, os parelhos impedem o colapso da faringe. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a efic?cia de um AIO para o tratamento da SAOS e o efeito dessa terapia no bruxismo noturno (BS) em pacientes pedi?tricos. Pacientes com idade de 5 a 12 anos de idade, na lista de espera para cirurgia de adenoamigdalectomia, foram selecionados no ambulat?rio de otorrinolaringologia de dois hospitais universit?rios. As condi??es dent?rias, bruxismo do sono (BS), sinais e sintomas de desordens temporomandibulares segundo os Crit?rios Diagn?sticos de Pesquisa (RDC / TMD) foram analisadas e um question?rio de sono foi aplicado. O diagn?stico cl?nico da SAOS foi confirmado atrav?s de um exame de monitoriza??o cardiorespirat?ria port?til domiciliar (ApneaLink ?, vers?o 9.00, ResMed). Todos os exames foram revisados por um dos pesquisadores, de acordo com a Academia Americana de Medicina do Sono diretrizes de 2012. Ap?s o diagn?stico confirmado, o AIO foi confeccionado na Faculdade de Odontologia. Um novo estudo port?til foi realizado ap?s de 60 dias de uso do AIO. Durante as duas avalia??es cardiorrespirat?rias os pacientes utilizaram o adesivo Bite Strip? para avalia??o de SB. Foram avaliados 18 indiv?duos, com uma m?dia de 8,39 anos de idade. ?ndice m?dio de dist?rbio respirat?rio (RDI) inicial foi de 10 eventos / hora (intervalo 3-39 eventos / hora), em compara??o com 3 eventos / hora (intervalo 0-11 eventos / hora) usando o AIO (p <0,001, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test). Nadir SpO2 aumentou de 83,5% (intervalo de 65 para 93%) a 89,5% (intervalo de 79-95%), ap?s o uso do AIO (P 0,002). O n?mero de epis?dios de ronco tamb?m diminuiu com o tratamento (p <0,001). Os sinais e sintomas de DTM n?o aumentaram ap?s o uso do AIO. No que diz respeito ao BiteStrip, uma redu??o de 66% foi observada na preval?ncia de pacientes com BS. N?o houve queixas durante o acompanhamento. O relato dos pais ao responder o question?rio do sono demonstrou melhora significativa em todos os aspectos analisados. Em circunst?ncias especiais ou individualizada, a AIO pode ser considerado como uma alternativa para o tratamento de crian?as com SAOS.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-02-12T17:10:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_JULIANO_BUSETTI_COMPLETO.pdf: 4728791 bytes, checksum: 9cc2c815f6f8eda49ba630d9796f6ea8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-12T17:10:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_JULIANO_BUSETTI_COMPLETO.pdf: 4728791 bytes, checksum: 9cc2c815f6f8eda49ba630d9796f6ea8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-27 / Regeneration of lost tissues can be obtained in a predictable way by using the Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) concept. The development of such concept is based on the observation that to regenerate a certain type of tissue, specific cells with the ability to reconstruct such kind of tissue must repopulate the wound. GBR was applied to heal different type of bone defects and the isolation of it by using resorbable and nonresorbable membranes resulted in a predictable healing through the formation of new bone. Nowadays the GBR concept is used for the treatment of multiple clinical situations in dentistry, even with dental implants. Osteoporosis is the most common chronic bone disease and may interfere in the healing of regenerative procedures. The increase in life expectancy results in a larger number of elderly patients referred for bone regeneration and dental implants. Osteoporosis is associated with aging, menopause and chronic use of some types of drugs. Regenerative protocols must be postulated taking into account this category of patients. Limited scientific evidence suggests that osteoporosis can negatively influence bone healing as well as the osseointegration of dental implants. In addition to disease, the use of drugs for its prevention and treatment may affect healing of GBR procedures. Bisphosphonates (BP) are the most frequently used drugs for treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. The drug acts mainly in the inhibition of bone resorption by its action on osteoclasts. Among the commercially prescribed BP, zoledronic acid (ZA) is known to be the most potent of all. In the first paper of this thesis osteoporosis was induced in rats and these animals were submitted to regenerative procedures comparing samples with and without osteoporosis as well as with and without the use of ZA. To assess GBR, critical size defects (CSD) were made in the animals? calvarial bone. Microporous non-resorbable PTFE (polytetrafluorethylene) membranes were used to promote GBR in healthy, osteoporotic and osteoporotic animals treated with ZA. Forty-eight Wistar rats with 6 months of age were included in the study. Experimental osteoporosis was induced by ovariectomy (OVX) associated with hipocalcic diet in 32 animals. Sixteen OVX rats received a single dose of ZA (OZ) while the other 16 osteoporotic rats received no treatment (O). The remaining 16 animals were SHAM operated; the ovaries were exposed but not removed, being considered the control group (C). Six weeks after osteoporosis induction, each animal from the OZ group received a single dose of ZA. One week latter (7 weeks after baseline) two 5-mm CSD were performed bilaterally in the parietal bones and one of these defects was treated with two membranes, one located internally, in contact to the Dura, and the other was placed on top of the defect. GBR healing periods were 30 and 60 days for each group. Evaluation of new bone formation (NBF) was done by qualitative and quantitative histological analysis. Differences in means between groups (O, OZ and C), the use of membranes as well as the observation period (days 30 and 60) were analyzed by ANOVA for each variable. When a statistically significant difference was identified between the averages, the Bonferroni post hoc test was used. The results showed that treatment with ZA (p = 0.001) and the use of membranes (p = 0.000) significantly increased the amount of regenerated bone tissue and the presence of osteoporosis may have reduced NBF (p = 0.028). / Regenera??o de tecido ?sseo perdido pode ser alcan?ada de forma previs?vel utilizando-se o conceito de Regenera??o ?ssea Guiada (ROG). O desenvolvimento deste conceito ? baseado na observa??o de que para realizar a regenera??o de um tipo de tecido, c?lulas espec?ficas, com habilidade de regenerar este tecido especificamente, devem repopular a ferida. Quando ROG foi utilizada para regenera??o de v?rios tipos de defeitos ?sseos, o isolamento destes, com o uso de barreiras f?sicas reabsorv?veis e n?o reabsorv?veis, as membranas, resultou em uma cicatriza??o previs?vel atrav?s da forma??o de novo tecido ?sseo. Atualmente, o pr?nc?pio de ROG ? usado para o tratamento de v?rias situa??es cl?nicas na odontologia, com ou sem o uso associado de implantes dent?rios. Osteoporose ? a doen?a ?ssea cr?nica mais prevalente e pode interferir na cicatriza??o de procedimentos regenerativos. O aumento na expectativa de vida da popula??o resulta em um maior n?mero de pacientes idosos indicados para regenera??o ?ssea e implantes dent?rios. Considerando que a osteoporose est? relacionada com fatores como idade, menopausa e uso cr?nico de alguns tipos de f?rmacos, a preval?ncia desta doen?a ? alta. Protocolos regenerativos devem ser postulados levando-se em conta esta categoria de pacientes. Por?m, limitada evid?ncia cient?fica sugere que osteoporose pode influenciar negativamente a cicatriza??o ?ssea assim como a osseointegra??o de implantes dent?rios. Somado ? doen?a, o uso de drogas para preven??o e tratamento da osteoporose pode influenciar na cicatriza??o de procedimentos regenerativos. Bisfosfonatos (BF) s?o os f?rmacos mais utilizados para tratamento da osteoporose. A droga age na inibi??o da reabsor??o ?ssea atrav?s da sua a??o principalmente sobre os osteoclastos. Dentre os BF existentes comercialmente, o ?cido zoledr?nico (AZ) ? reconhecidamente o mais potente de todos. Sendo assim, o primeiro artigo desta tese buscou criar condi??es de osteoporose em ratas e, nestes animais, procedimentos regenerativos foram feitos comparando amostras com e sem osteoporose assim como com e sem o uso de AZ. Para avaliar ROG, defeitos cr?ticos (CSD) foram feitos na calv?ria dos animais. Membranas n?o reabsorv?veis microporosas de teflon foram utilizadas para ROG em animais saud?veis, osteopor?ticos e osteopor?ticos tratados com AZ. Quarenta e oito ratas Wistar, com 6 meses de idade, foram inclu?das no estudo. Osteoporose experimental foi induzida atrav?s de ovariectomia (OVX) associada ? dieta hipoc?lcica em 32 animais. Dezesseis ratos OVX receberam uma dose ?nica de AZ (OZ) enquanto as outras 16 ratas osteopor?ticas n?o receberam tratamento (O). Os demais 16 animais foram submetidos ? cirurgia controle, onde os ov?rios n?o foram removidos, sendo considerado o grupo controle (C). Seis semanas ap?s a indu??o da osteoporose, o grupo OZ recebeu uma dose ?nica de AZ. Ap?s mais uma semana (7 semanas ap?s OVX), dois CSD de 5 mm foram feitos, bilateralmente, nos ossos parietais, sendo que um destes defeitos foi tratado com duas membranas, uma instalada internamente ao defeito, sobre a dura mater, e outra na por??o externa. Os per?odos de cicatriza??o de ROG foram de 30 e 60 dias para cada grupo. Avalia??o da forma??o de tecido ?sseo (NBF) foi feita atrav?s de an?lise histol?gica qualitativa e quantitativa. Diferen?as entre as m?dias entre os grupos (O, OZ e C), o uso de membranas assim como o per?odo de observa??o (30 e 60 dias) foram analisados atrav?s de ANOVA para cada vari?vel. Quando uma diferen?a estat?stica era identificada entre as m?dias, o teste p?s hoc Bonferroni foi utilizado. Os resultados mostraram que o tratamento com AZ (p=0,001) e o uso de membranas (p=0,000) aumentaram significativamente a quantidade de tecido ?sseo regenerado e que a presen?a de osteoporose pode ter reduzido a forma??o de novo osso (p=0,028).

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-02-12T17:20:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_MAGDA_DE_SOUSA_REIS_COMPLETO.pdf: 2952696 bytes, checksum: 9a8e4368b83491c5888a26990b0c9ddc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-12T17:20:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_MAGDA_DE_SOUSA_REIS_COMPLETO.pdf: 2952696 bytes, checksum: 9a8e4368b83491c5888a26990b0c9ddc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-15 / The aim of this study was to evaluate dental pulp and furcal periodontal tissue responses to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and to a calcium silicate-based material (Biodentine?). The lower first molars in hundred forty (140) male Wistar rats were divided into groups according to the experimental site and period (14 and 21 days) testing two materials (n=8 per group/period in pulpotomy and n=6 per group/period in furcal perforation). Groups capped and sealed with MTA or Biodentine? were restored with silver amalgam; in an additional test group, teeth were capped and restored with Biodentine?. Teeth capped with gutta-percha and restored with silver amalgam served as a positive control and untouched teeth were negative control. Histological evaluation of pulp responses and macroscopic examination of coronal sealing were performed. Inflammation extension and intensity, degenerative events and formation of mineralized tissue barrier were assessed. In the experiment of furcal perforations, inflammation extension and intensity, bone resorption and cement formation were assessed histologically. All results underwent ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests (p<.05). In pulpotomy, Biodentine? and MTA presented satisfactory results, which were characterized by a mild inflammatory response (p<.0001) and more pronounced formation of mineralized barrier (p<.0001) compared to teeth capped with gutta-percha. When used as a restorative material, Biodentine? kept coronal sealing in only 37.5% of the samples. As to furcal perforations, Biodentine? and MTA presented satisfactory results, which were characterized by a milder inflammatory response compared to the control, regardless of the material used for coronal sealing and of the experimental period evaluated (p<.0001). All test groups showed less bone resorption than the positive control after 21 days (p<.05), being this difference more pronounced in teeth restored with silver amalgam. Cement repair occurred in 30% of MTA and Biodentine? samples, and was not detected in any specimen of the positive control group. In conclusion, Biodentine? and MTA promoted similar responses when used to pulp capping and furcal perforation sealing. On the other hand, the use of Biodentine? as temporary restorative material did not promote efficient coronal sealing. Although further investigations are required, Biodentine? can be considered an alternative for pulpotomy and furcal perfuration. / O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a resposta tecidual, ap?s pulpotomias e perfura??es de furca, utilizando agregado tri?xido de mineral (MTA) e o material ? base de silicato tric?lcico (Biodentine?). Os primeiros molares inferiores de 140 ratos Wistar machos foram utilizados em dois tempos (14 e 21 dias) e divididos em grupos conforme o experimento e materiais utilizados (pulpotomia n=8 e perfura??o de furca n=6). Nos dois experimentos, grupos capeados e selados com MTA e Biodentine? foram restaurados com am?lgama de prata; um grupo adicional utilizou somente Biodentine? e o controle positivo recebeu guta-percha e restaura??o de am?lgama; dentes intactos serviram de controle negativo. No experimento de pulpotomias, realizou-se exame macrosc?pico e radiogr?fico do selamento coron?rio e exame histol?gico dos eventos inflamat?rios (intensidade e extens?o), degenerativos e de forma??o de barreira mineralizada. No experimento de perfura??es de furca, foram avaliados histologicamente os eventos inflamat?rios (intensidade e extens?o), de reabsor??o ?ssea e reparo de cemento. Os dados foram comparados atrav?s da an?lise de vari?ncia (ANOVA) e posthoc de Tukey (p<.05). Nas pulpotomias, o Biodentine? e MTA apresentaram resultados satisfat?rios, com menor resposta inflamat?ria (p<.0001) e pronunciada forma??o de barreira mineralizada (p<.0001) comparada aos dentes do controle positivo. O Biodentine?, utilizado como restaura??o, manteve o selamento coron?rio em apenas 37.5% das amostras. Nas perfura??es de furca, o Biodentine e MTA apresentaram resultados satisfat?rios, caracterizados por uma resposta inflamat?ria mais suave em compara??o ao controle positivo, independentemente do material utilizado para o selamento coron?rio e per?odo experimental avaliado (p<.0001). Todos os grupos testes mostraram menor reabsor??o ?ssea do que o controle positivo ap?s 21 dias (p<.05), sendo esta diferen?a mais acentuada em dentes restaurados com am?lgama de prata. A repara??o de cemento ocorreu em 30% das amostras de MTA e Biodentine, e n?o foi detectada em qualquer amostra do grupo do controle positivo. Concluiu-se que houve respostas similares ap?s o uso de Biodentine? e MTA no capeamento da polpa exposta e selamento de perfura??es de furca. Por outro lado, o uso do Biodentine? como material restaurador provis?rio n?o promoveu selamento coron?rio eficiente. Embora sejam necess?rias novas investiga??es, o Biodentine deve ser considerado como uma alternativa frente aos tratamentos propostos.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-04-06T13:03:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_CLAUDIA_FREITAS_DE_MOURA_MODENA_PARCIAL.pdf: 263042 bytes, checksum: d6f27d71d4ced5aa30be4d390438fe16 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-06T13:03:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_CLAUDIA_FREITAS_DE_MOURA_MODENA_PARCIAL.pdf: 263042 bytes, checksum: d6f27d71d4ced5aa30be4d390438fe16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-20 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Objectives: To evaluate in vitro the influence of different cavity design preparations for endocrown restorations on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated molars. Materials and methods: Fifty extracted healthy third molars were divided randomly into 5 groups (n= 10 per group): H= healthy, F1= 1 ferrule, F2= 2 ferrules (buccal and palatal), FT= total ferrule and NF= flat plateau. The teeth were submitted to root canal treatment after which the cavity preparations were made. The crowns of endocrown, in Lava Ultimate, were manufactured with the CAD-CAM CEREC/INLAB system and cemented with Single Bond Universal and Rely X Ultimate. The resistance to fracture testing was made in a universal testing machine with a speed of 1mm/min. The pattern of failure was then evaluated, taking into consideration only the presence or absence of fracture in the pulp floor. Results: (Means followed by the same letter do not differ statistically for ANOVA and Tukey): H:3970N ab; F1:3170N ab; F2: 3786N ab; TF: 2894N b; NF:4416N a. The most prevalent pattern of failure was the type recoverable in all groups. Conclusions: The type of cavity preparation for endocrown restoration may influence the fracture resistance of endodontically treated molars. The type of ferrule may determine the greater resistance to loading. The pattern of failure was predominantly recoverable. / Objetivos: avaliar in vitro a influ?ncia de diferentes designs de preparos cavit?rios para restaura??es endocrown, na resist?ncia m?xima ao carregamento de molares endodonticamente tratados. Materiais e m?todos: Cinquenta terceiros molares h?gidos e extra?dos foram divididos aleatoriamente em 5 grupos (n= 10 por grupo), H= h?gido, F1= 1 f?rula, F2 = 2 f?rulas VL(vestibular e lingual), FT= f?rula total e SF= plat? reto. Os dentes foram submetidos ? endodontia e, ap?s, realizados os preparos cavit?rios. As coroas de endocrown, em Lava Ultimate, foram confeccionadas atrav?s do sistema CAD-CAM CEREC/INLAB e cimentadas com Single Bond Universal e Rely X Ultimate. O ensaio de resist?ncia ? fratura foi realizado em uma m?quina de ensaios universal com velocidade de 1mm/min at? o rompimento do corpo de prova. Ap?s, foi avaliado o padr?o de falha o qual levou em considera??o apenas a presen?a ou n?o de fratura do assoalho pulpar. Resultados: (m?dias seguidas de mesma letra n?o apresentam diferen?a estat?stica para ANOVA e Tukey): H:3970N AB; F1:3170N AB; F2: 3786N AB; FT 2894N B; SF:4416N A. O padr?o de falha predominante foi do tipo fratura da restaura??o em todos os grupos. Conclus?es: o tipo de preparo cavit?rio para restaura??es endocrown pode influenciar na resist?ncia ? fratura de molares tratados endodonticamente. O tipo de f?rula utilizada pode determinar maior resist?ncia ao carregamento. O padr?o de falha foi predominantemente recuper?vel.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-04-12T14:08:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_VANIA_STEPHANIE_SANCHEZ_GAMARRA_PARCIAL.pdf: 192614 bytes, checksum: ac0bcd8326b2183c17301f29601b81ee (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-12T14:08:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_VANIA_STEPHANIE_SANCHEZ_GAMARRA_PARCIAL.pdf: 192614 bytes, checksum: ac0bcd8326b2183c17301f29601b81ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-25 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the marginal adaptation and microleakage of class II restorations of SonicFill composite resin with different curing techniques. Class II preparations were prepared in 40 human premolars (mesial margin 1 mm below the CEJ, distal margin 1 mm above the CEJ), and randomly divided into 4 groups according to curing technique (n = 10 per group): G1: 1200 mW/cm2 for 20 s; G2: 1200 mW/cm2 for 40 s; G3: Soft-start for 20 s (650 mW/cm2 for 5 s, increasing to 1200 mW/cm2 for 15 s); G4: Soft-start for 40 s (650 mW/cm2 for 10 s, increasing to 1200 mW/cm2 for 30 s). Three-step etch&rinse adhesive Optibond FL was applied and the cavity was filled in bulk with SonicFill composite resin, followed by oclusal sculpture and photoactivation. Impressions were made using polyvinyl siloxane and epoxy resin replicas were obtained, before and after thermocycling. The occlusal and cervical margins were analyzed with SEM at 200x magnification. The marginal adaptation was expressed as percentages of continuous margins. After thermocycled, the specimens were immersed in silver nitrate 50%, and analyzed the extention of dye penetration in the cervical-mesial and cervical-distal margins. According to ANOVA and Tukey?s test, there was statistical difference in the percentage of continuous margins on the occlusal-palatine for group 1 (83.19%), differing statistically from groups 2, 3 and 4 that had values over 95% for continuous margins (p?0,05). In the cervical margin there was no statistical difference between the groups (p?0,05). According to Student's t test, after thermocycling, there was a statistical significant reduction of percentage of continuous margins in occlusal-buccal margin for groups 1, 2 and 4, as well as in the cervical-mesial margin for groups 1, 3 and 4, and cervical-distal margin only to group 1. According to Kruskal-Wallis test, there was no significant difference in the microleakage scores between groups in the enamel (p=0.373) and in dentin (p=0.561), being predominantly score 1 in enamel and score 3 in dentin. The bulk filling technique with SonicFill composite resin associated with three-step etch&rinse adhesive Optibond FL in class II cavities provided gap formation and microleakage, especially in the cervical dentin region, regardless of the curing technique. / O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar, in vitro, a adapta??o e o selamento marginal de restaura??es classe II em resina composta SonicFill com diferentes t?cnicas de fotoativa??o. Foram realizados preparos classe II em 40 pr?-molares humanos (caixa mesial 1 mm abaixo da JCE, caixa distal 1 mm acima JCE), sendo divididos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos de acordo com a t?cnica de fotoativa??o (n = 10 por grupo): G1: 1200 mW/cm2 por 20 s; G2: 1200 mW/cm2 por 40 s; G3: Soft-start por 20 s (650 mW/cm2 por 5 s, elevando para 1200 mW/cm2 por 15 s); G4: Soft-start por 40 s (650 mW/cm2 por 10 s, elevando para 1200 mW/cm2 por 30 s). O sistema adesivo Optibond FL foi aplicado e a cavidade foi preenchida em incremento ?nico com a resina composta SonicFill, seguido da escultura da oclusal e fotoativa??o. A partir de moldagens com silicone por adi??o, foram obtidas r?plicas em resina ep?xica das restaura??es antes e ap?s termociclagem. As margens das r?plicas, ao n?vel oclusal e cervical, foram analisadas no MEV em 200x, sendo determinada a porcentagem de margens continuas. Ap?s termociclagem, os corpos de prova foram submetidos ? metodologia de microinfiltra??o com nitrato de prata a 50%, sendo analisada a extens?o da penetra??o na margem cervical mesial e distal. De acordo com ANOVA e teste de Tukey, houve diferen?a estat?stica na porcentagem de margens cont?nuas na oclusal-palatina para o grupo 1 (83,19%), diferindo estatisticamente dos grupos 2, 3 e 4 que tiveram valores acima de 95% para margens cont?nuas (p?0,05). Na margem cervical n?o houve diferen?a estat?stica entre os grupos (p?0,05). De acordo com o teste t-student, ap?s termociclagem, houve redu??o estatisticamente significativa na porcentagem de margens continuas na margem oclusal-vestibular para os grupos 1, 2 e 4, assim como na margem cervical-mesial para os grupos 1, 3 e 4, e na regi?o cervical-distal apenas para o grupo 1. De acordo com o teste de Kruskal-Wallis, n?o houve diferen?a significativa para os escores de microinfiltra??o entre os grupos, tanto no esmalte (p=0,373) como na dentina (p=0,561), sendo predominantemente escore 1 em esmalte e escore 3 em dentina. A t?cnica de incremento ?nico com a resina composta SonicFill, associada ao sistema adesivo Optibond FL, em cavidades classe II, proporcionou a forma??o de fendas e a ocorr?ncia de microinfiltra??o, principalmente na regi?o cervical com t?rmino em dentina, independente da t?cnica de fotoativa??o.