This essay has been carried out with the purpose of investigating the differences between teaching in a CLIL program and in a standard program. The results of this research are based on the perceptions of five teachers working in both programs. These teachers participated in a semi-structured group interview where they were asked questions and were given the opportunity to develop the discussions among themselves. The results have shown that there are fewer differences between these two programs than I originally thought, but the differences that do exist were unexpected. All of the teachers who participated in the study had taught English before they started to work in the IB, but are not trained CLIL teachers. Since there were only five participants and these participants are not trained CLIL teachers, this investigation does not show a general result, but instead gives the picture of how working with CLIL and a standard program simultaneously could work.

Studies have shown that participation and interaction in a language classroom are important. Especially so in the CLIL classroom where the target language is both the subject of study and the medium of instruction. However, it can be difficult for a teacher to get students to participate orally. Many researchers claim that students’ oral output in the CLIL classroom is minimal, and that they speak less than students who are taught through their native language. The aim of this paper was to study Swedish CLIL students’ oral participation and to find out whether the amount of oral classroom interaction was similar in a CLIL classroom and in a classroom where Swedish was the medium of instruction. I also wanted to investigate if male and female students interacted to the same extent, and whether the amount of interaction was evenly distributed within the classroom. The results show that CLIL students’ oral participation tended to be very high. The CLIL students produced even more total oral output than students in the control groups, which had their native language as their medium of instruction.

By examining relevant academic literature this essay aims to investigate how and when teachers are supposed to use the target language in their language teaching. Many studies have shown that the target language is the obvious choice in language teaching, whereas other studies have shown that there are big advantages in using the first language instead. In this literature study the data was collected mainly from the databases LIBRIS, Linguistics Collection and ERIC (EBSCO), and thereafter the nine steps model of Polit and Beck (2017, pp. 88–109) was used for identifying relevant data. The findings in this study suggest that there are both pros and cons with using the first language in foreign language teaching. Some of the pros are that there is suggested to be easier to include all the students in the teaching, and that they develop a better understanding when hearing the instructions in their first language. At the same time however, some researchers mean that a mixture of the L1 and the target language can lead to confusion for both the teachers and the students. In this study there is also shown that many teachers hesitate to use the target language in their teaching due to lack of knowledge in their teaching area, a further explanation is that it goes faster and is seen as more effective to hold the teaching in the first language. Even though it is suggested that the first language makes the foreign language teaching easier the most researchers and teachers mean that it is immensely important to hear the target language being spoken, since the students otherwise will find it hard to be motivated to learn a language that they never hear. A method that is being positively spoken upon is Code-switching, which means that the speaker switches between the first language and the target language. This can be seen as a tool that can be used in many different ways in order to include as many students as possible in the language teaching.

This diploma thesis deals with Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL). The term stands for a teaching method used in the non-language classes that has a content-oriented and lingual goal. CLIL has been incorporated into the learning process as one of the instruments that leads to improving language learning in Europe. The aim of my thesis was to prepare, realize and evaluate a twomonth long process of using CLIL in lessons of Math for lower secondary pupils. In the experiment I surveyed the impact of the connection between Math and English language on pupils' motivation and Math knowledge. The experimental lessons were focused on the topics of ratio, direct and inverse proportion. The main method used in the thesis was action research. Other applied methods were quantitative methods (questionnaires) and qualitative methods (interview and mediated observation). Parts of the thesis include preparations of seven CLIL lessons accompanied by methodical description and worksheets. These materials were used in lessons during the experiment. The experiment showed and proved the procedure of successful CLIL method implementation to the lessons of Math. The implementation did not have a negative impact on pupils' motivation, knowledge and activity on the lesson's.

In Swedish schools the education should stimulate students’ creativity, curiosity and self-confidence, as well as provide security and generate the will and desire to learn. Therefore, the aim of this case study is to investigate the area of motivation and how motivation is affected by the usage of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL). Initially, the theoretical foundation for the research, including scaffolding and important theories of second language learner motivation, are outlined and defined. The Process Motivational Model (PMM), is used as a framework to investigate key aspects of motivation in language learning by using two different pedagogical approaches. Our findings show a rise in key aspects of motivation when using CLIL. The learning environment changes positively, and the learner engagement increases when the content of the lesson is fun and authentic. The major conclusions from the results of the case study are that (i) the students were more intrinsically motivated during CLIL-lessons and the L2 learners efforts improved, (ii) the combination of the curricular subject matter Geography and English increased the interest to learn, (iii) the motivation of the students that were passive or interruptive during the non-CLIL lessons increased significantly during the CLIL-lessons (iiii) and the feelings of competence and self-worth increased after the CLIL-lessons. This study is a qualitative case study based on observations, focus groups and a teacher interview in an elementary school in Sweden.

This paper examines how we discuss social issues in the L2 classroom under the guidelines of Lgr11. To answer this, I ask the following sub-questions; How are the overall goals of education and parts (see Appendix B) of the Curriculum for English currently perceived by English teachers? How are the social subjects in the L2 classroom currently handled? Thirdly, what kind of lesson plan can be implemented in the classroom context under the guidelines of Lgr11? Looking at past research and relevant documents along with the qualitative data and through a triangulation of evidence carried out consisting of semi-structured interviews, supported by netnography research I propose a lesson plan using the collaborative action research model. All data was collected through technical means such as Zoom, phone calls and Facebook groups. The results of the interviews with teachers have shown that there is a unity in some respects with similar interpretations of Lgr11 and the curriculum. As well as differences of views and approaches concerning social issues in the L2 classroom. Based on the netnography research findings, most tasks given consisted of receptive skills while productive skills were used less. The netnography also supported the interview findings in the claim that popular topics were used more, whereas unpopular topics were neglected significantly. CLIL as a method was found to be absent in most of the collected data with some exceptions.

Content and language integrated learning is an approach to learning a language while studying subject matter, as well as the other way round. The intention with this dissertation has been to gather insights into teachers‘ perceptions regarding this approach and pupils’ perceived views regarding working with subject matter through the medium of English. Previous research within this area of study has shown that using this approach to learn content and language is increasing in Sweden primarily at upper secondary schools. This dissertation can be seen as twofold: firstly, a project was conducted in an 8th grade at a compulsory school in the southern part of Sweden that implement interdisciplinary work on a daily basis; secondly, data was gathered from questionnaires and interviews with both teachers and pupils who participated in the project. The results show that this approach is time-consuming and very challenging for pupils in general; it is particularly difficult for weaker pupils in English. Also, it may lead to shortcomings in the Swedish language, with terminology in particular. However, both teachers and pupils think that learning English while studying subject matter is effective, since pupils have the opportunity to immerse themselves in the English language more than otherwise. Working with subject matter in English is very different from doing it in Swedish and there are aspects that must be taken into consideration when planning, designing and implementing this approach at compulsory school level.

An increasing number of schools across Europe offer education which integrates the teaching of content with that of language, sometimes known as CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning), or the Swedish equivalent SPRINT (språk- och innehållsintegrerad inlärning och undervisning). In Sweden this type of learning often goes under the name of cross-curricular or interdisciplinary work. This dissertation is a case study of one such project that integrated content and English and that took place in year 9 at a secondary school in southern Sweden. The purpose of the investigation was to find out what the teachers' and pupils' perceptions were of the use and role of English in this particular cross-curricular project. Applying case study methodology, data was collected using triangulation through observations, a focus group interview with the teachers and a pupil questionnaire. The results show that all the involved teachers and a majority of the pupils were positive towards the integration of content and language, but not on a permanent basis. The teachers felt that the project gave the pupils the opportunity to work with the language and develop communication skills. The pupils said that they had learned more speaking skills compared to being taught English as a separate subject, closely followed by writing and reading skills. However, some felt that they had not learned any grammar, which showed a view of English as a skills subject. The study shows that project-based cross-curricular work could be a successful way to integrate content and language, provided projects are well-planned and clearly structured.

Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) is a dual focused pedagogical practice in which a language other than the students’ first language is taught through content. CLIL has grown to become a popular pedagogic approach within education systems across the world. However, research conducted in Swedish primary schools is extremely limited. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide an insight into what factors are of relevance for the practice to be successful, as well as whether an implementation of the approach in the Swedish educational system would be beneficial. The study presents an overview regarding previous research and relevant theoretical perspectives. Semi-structured interviews with five primary school teachers in the south of Sweden were conducted for this study. The results reveal numerous beneficial factors, such as the students’ language skills and knowledge skills developing simultaneously in meaningful contexts. An additional beneficial factor expressed by all the interviewed teachers is the development of the students’ interculturality, which is stated as a key skill to develop through English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teaching by the Swedish National Board of Education (Skolverket). However, the conclusion demonstrates that the major challenges are the lack of a set framework and adapted materials available in Sweden for the pedagogical practice.

Over 20,000 Swedish lower high school students are currently learning mathematics in English but little research has been conducted in this area. This study looks into the question of how much second language learner training teachers teaching mathematics in English to Swedish speaking students have acquired and how many of those teachers are using effective teaching practices for second language learners. The study confirms earlier findings that report few teachers receive training in second language learning but indicates that some of the teaching practices shown to be effective with second language learners are being used in some Swedish schools / Mer än 20 000 högstadiet elever i Sverige har valt att lära sig matematik på engelska, men det finns väldigt lite forskning inom området. Detta arbete granskar hur mycket utbildning i andraspråksinlärning har lärare som undervisar matematik på engelska till svensktalande elever och hur många av de undervisnings-strategier som tidigare forskning har visat att vara effektiva används numera under matematiklektionerna på engelska? Arbetet bekräftar tidigare forskning, som visar att få lärare som undervisar matematik på engelska till svensktalande elever har fått utbildning i andraspråksinlärning, men den här forskningen visar att några av de effektiva strategierna numera används under matematiklektioner i vissa skolor. / <p>Matematik</p>