Trata este trabalho, inicialmente, da trajetória da cultura do café, pelos campos do Brasil, vindo do Rio de Janeiro até chegar aos campos do oeste paulista. Procura-se entender a origem do conhecimento que determinou as transformações e adaptações de instalações produtivas. Já em terras paulistas, busca-se resgatar a contribuição de Eduardo da Silva Prates, Conde de Prates, a uma maior racionalização na produção e no beneficiamento do café, através da documentação preservada em arquivo público. Hipóteses de colaboradores na sua propriedade, a Fazenda Santa Gertrudes, foram verificadas e outros nomes surgiram da pesquisa, complementada com a iconografia da propriedade. / This thesis, initially, goes into the course taken by the cultivation of coffee in Brazil, since it started at Rio de Janeiro until it reached the western plains of the State of São Paulo. The aim is to understand the origins of the know-how that governed the transformations and adaptations of coffee plantations. Once settled in São Paulo land, the aim is to rekindle the invaluable contribution rendered by Eduardo da Silva Prates, Conde de Prates, towards a greater rationalization of coffee processing and production through the analysis of preserved documentation held in public archives. Hypothesis concerning possible contributors to the development of his property, The Santa Gertrudes Farm, were examined and other names were revealed by the research which is supplemented with the iconography of the property.

Orientador:Theo Guenter Kieckbusch / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T03:11:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Azevedo_AlvaroBandeiraAntunesde_D.pdf: 6680894 bytes, checksum: 60053942407d5e9357dce5ebd69879fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Resumo: Princípios ativos obtidos diretamente de produtos naturais sã largamente utilizados pelas industrias como matéria prima na formulação de alimentos, medicamentos e cosméticos. A recuperação e purificação destes compostos, por processos convencionais, é laboriosa e em muitos casos inviável. A versátil tecnologia que utiliza 'CO IND. 2¿ supercrítico como solvente apresenta-se como uma alternativa e estes processos. Neste trabalho, visou-se à aplicação desta tecnologia, explorando o uso de co-solventes (metanol, etanol e isopropanol) e de colunas de adsoção (empacotadas com sílica-gel e resina aniônica) para a extração e separação de princípios do café (óleo, cafeína e ácidos clorogênicos) a partir dos grãos verdes. Este trabalho contemplou ainda o projeto e fabricação com tecnologia própria, de uma unidade experimental de extração modular multipropósito para a realização e desenvolvimento de processos a pressões de até 60 Mpa. O processo proposto neste trabalho baseou-se em intercalar etapas de extração com etapas de separação utilizando colunas de adsorção e modificações na polaridade do solvente por adição de co-solventes. Os resultados obtidos mostraram bons rendimentos de extração e de separação dos componentes. O óleo de café foi extraído com rendimentos da ordem de 90%, a cafeína com rendimentos da ordem de 100% e os ácidos clorogênicos com rendimentos da ordem de 82%, em comparação com os métodos convencionais de extração...Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: Active principles obtained from natural products are widely used as raw materials for a large number of cosmetics, pharmaceutical and food products. The recovery of these compounds by conventional processes is laborious and in many cases may cause irreversible damages. The versatile supercritical solvents technology rises as an alternative to these processes. The aim of this work is the application of supercritical solvents technology, using co-solvents (methanol, ethanol and isopropanol) and adsorption columns (packed with silica-gel or anion-exchange resins) for the extraction and recovery of oil, caffeine and chlorogenic acids from green coffee beans. This work also includes the project and building, with own technology, of a modular multipurpose extraction apparatus for the design and accomplishment of processes until 60 MPa. The proposed process is based on the sequential steps of extraction and separation using adsorption columns and changes in solvent polarity. The obtained results show high extraction yields and separation factors of the compounds. The green coffee oil extraction yields isalmost 90%, caffeine almost 100%, and chlorogenic acids almost 82%. Chromatographic analysis of the refined oil show that the disired refine level was achieved and that caffeine and chlorogenic acids can be concentrated and recovered by adsorption I dessorption steps ...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations / Doutorado / Engenharia de Processos / Doutor em Engenharia Química

This Master's Thesis is focused on analysis of segmentation of the coffee market in the Czech Republic based on similarities and differences between users of coffee. Uncovering segments and development was carried out in a software program Data Analyzer and PASW using data from primary research and unique agency research MML-TGI of company Median s.r.o. The theoretical part presented problems, approaches, method of segmentation and types of coffee. The practical part starts with analyzing and defining the market in the Czech Republic. The target group of users was subsequently characterized by a general analysis. Variables were reduced to the factors by using factor analysis. Then users were put into clusters based on cluster analysis. Segments were characterized in detail using cross-analyzes and multivariate statistical methods. Content analysis expands a current picture of the segments on which other companies target. Finally, there were elaborated appropriate marketing recommendations for the individual segments to their effective positioning.

Orientador: Paulo Mazzafera / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T06:22:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Benatti_LucianaBenjamim_D.pdf: 2232263 bytes, checksum: f99e9792ce3a097423a6628b62ddb600 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Em 2004, Silvarolla e colaboradores descobriram três plantas (AC1, AC2 e AC3) de Coffea arabica, provenientes da Etiópia, com baixa quantidade de cafeína nas sementes. Esta pequena concentração (0,76 mg/g) em AC1, quando comparada com grãos de C. arabica com cafeína (em torno de 12 mg/g), foi verificada ser de origem constitutiva da planta, sendo esta denominada como naturalmente descafeinada. Neste trabalho a planta de AC1 foi estudada, já que esta é a mais adequada para a transferência genética do traço "sem cafeína" para cultivares com alta produtividade. Ao analisar o desenvolvimento das sementes de AC1, foi observado que endospermas maduros da planta com baixas quantidades de cafeína perderam menos massa do que os de Mundo Novo (MN) e que estes, no final do desenvolvimento, eram maiores do que os de AC1. Entretanto, apesar deste fato, os conteúdos de aminoácidos, açúcares solúveis, ácidos orgânicos, ácidos clorogênicos e trigonelina foram similares nas sementes de frutos de MN e AC1. Foi constatado que em todos os estádios fenológicos as sementes de AC1 apresentaram baixas quantidades de cafeína. Além disso, foi observado que não só sementes e folhas apresentaram esta característica, mas também flores e internódios. Experimentos com o fornecimento de [2-14C] adenina e análises enzimáticas de teobromina sintase e cafeína sintase nas sementes de AC1 confirmaram que, assim como em folhas, a síntese de cafeína é bloqueada na metilação de teobromina a cafeína, acumulando altas taxas de teobromina. Experimentos de análise de expressão gênica indicaram que, apesar dos genes responsáveis pela síntese das três metiltransferases envolvidas na síntese de cafeína ser expressos nos endospermas de AC1, suas expressões são menores se comparadas com o controle MN, principalmente ao analisar a expressão do gene CCS1, que codifica para a cafeína sintase. Os compostos fenólicos apresentaram valores próximos ao longo de todo o desenvolvimento do endosperma, sendo que a quantidade equivalente encontrada nestes grãos parcialmente explica a atividade antioxidante similar encontrada nos grãos maduros de MN e AC1. Análises de proteínas de reserva em endospermas maduros foram similares em MN e AC1 / Abstract: In 2004, Silvarolla and co-workers discovery three plants (AC1, AC2 and AC3) of Coffea arabica, originated from Ethiopia, with low amount of caffeine in the seeds. This low concentration (0,76 mg/g) was found to be constitutive plant origin, this being referred to as naturally decaffeinate. In this work only the seeds of AC1 were studied, since this plant has shown to be the most suitable for gene transfer trace "without caffeine" for cultivars with high productivity. By analyzing the development of the seed AC1, it was observed that the mature endosperm of the plant with low amounts of caffeine lost less weight than those of MN, and also at the end of development, they were greater than those of AC1. However, despite this fact, the contents of amino acids, organic acids, chlorogenic acids and trigonelline were similar to MN and AC1 seeds and fruits. Soluble sugars were also similar in most part of the development despite the sucrose in the endosperm AC1 cherry stage, having it's significantly less than the one found in the endosperm MN at the stage. It was found that in all growth stages seeds AC1 presented low amounts of caffeine. Furthermore, it was observed that not only seeds and leaves showed this characteristic, but also flowers and internodes. Experiments with the supply of [2-14C] adenine and enzymatic analyzes of theobromine synthase and caffeine synthase in AC1 seeds confirmed that as leaves, caffeine synthesis are blocked in the methylation of theobromine to caffeine, accumulating high levels of theobromine. Experiments of the gene's expression analysis indicated that, although the genes responsible for the synthesis of the three methyltransferases involved in caffeine synthesis are expressed in AC1 endosperm, presented minor expressions compared to the control MN, especially when analyzing the expression of the gene CCS1, which synthesizes caffeine synthase. Phenolic compounds had similar values throughout the development of the endosperm, the equivalent amount found in these grains partly explains the similar antioxidant activity found in the MN and AC1 mature grains. The reserve proteins assays of mature endosperms were also similar in both endosperms / Doutorado / Biologia Vegetal / Doutora em Biologia Vegetal

Drinking coffee is often part of everyday life and thus, also strongly linked to our travel experience as well as tourism as a broad phenomenon then. The goal was to demonstrate the importance of different café cultures for developing coffee tourism by determining how much café culture affects a visitor's experience. Data was gathered using a qualitative method first, to examine how a nation's history in relation to coffee has shaped its own café cultures. Four countries were looked into closely, two Asian countries, Vietnam and Japan, and two European countries, the Netherlands and Sweden. It has shown an idea on the impact of café culture on the chain of visitor experiences using the qualitative approach of global cases followed by a quantitative approach of a survey, investigating past tourist experiences related to these countries and their unique café cultures. With the gathered data, the authors made a conclusion regarding the extent of what café culture influences the travel experience, loyalty and their criteria for coffee houses.

No description available.

Climate change is a wicked problem and finding solutions to revert the negative trend of global warming remains one of the dominant global issues. Coffee production contributes to global warming significantly, due to its high greenhouse gas emissions. Nonetheless, Sweden is among the top three coffee consuming countries and Vietnam remains the world’s second biggest coffee producing country. The presented research examines perceptions on sustainability and social responsibility within the global coffee value chain. Further, this paper investigates challenges to increase sustainability and a more common ground within the network of stakeholders. This research consists of three different methods to collect data from three stakeholders amongst the coffee value chain: (i) qualitative interviews with Vietnamese farmers, (ii) a quantitative questionnaire with Swedish consumers, and (iii) a document analysis on Swedish coffee companies’ presentation on their sustainability work. Our findings show the difficulty of finding a consistent definition and views by the stakeholders on what sustainable coffee is, and on the distribution of responsibilities in the field. Due to the complexity of the global value chain network, and despite rising awareness and interest, a knowledge-gap remains between the stakeholders. While sustainability certification standards are one attempt of spreading more knowledge, they have been identified as one of the main challenges. Closing this gap and creating a more common ground is necessary to ensure more sustainability and environmentally friendly practices along the global coffee value chain.

La thèse a pour but principal de trouver des solutions permettant l’amélioration de l’efficacité de la couverture des risques chez les intervenants vietnamiens du café à travers la négociation sur les bourses de marchandises. Comme toute matière première faisant l’objet d’un échange international important et sujette à une financiarisation de ses marchés, le café connait des fluctuations de prix considérables qui ne sont pas sans conséquence sur la rentabilité et la pérennité des entités productrices, mais également sur les recettes d’exportation des principaux pays producteurs. La question de la gestion du risque de prix et implicitement, celle portant sur la pertinence de l’usage des produits dérivés comme outil de « hedging », sont en effet centrales.Pour tenter d’appréhender dans quelle mesure les produits dérivés sont applicables au cas des producteurs de café vietnamiens, cette thèse s’est attachée en premier lieu à mieux comprendre comment s’organise le circuit de commercialisation du café au Vietnam et à déterminer si l’intervention accrue des intermédiaires (négociants, commerçants industriels) -avant que le produit transformé n’arrive entre les mains du consommateur- fait sens. Chacun de ces différents intervenants est exposé à un nombre important de risques, ayant un impact direct ou indirect sur le prix auquel sera vendue commercialement la matière physique. Les producteurs sont naturellement exposés au risque de baisse des prix, tandis que les intermédiaires, qu’ils soient transformateurs ou « simples » négociants sont exposés au risque d’une réduction de leur marge d’intermédiation. Ils achètent en effet le produit pour le revendre mais la simultanéité des opérations est rare. L’ampleur du risque de prix auquel ils sont assujettis est, de ce point de vue, le plus souvent considérable par rapport à sa marge commerciale. Cette thèse a essayé en cela de déterminer quelles étaient les solutions les plus appropriées pour les producteurs vietnamiens afin de se protéger à court terme contre une évolution défavorable des prix. Ceci nous a amené à considérer la pertinence du recours aux marchés à terme nationaux du café, comme celle de l’utilisation des produits dérivés offerts sur les places boursières internationales.Pour les produits d’exportation et notamment le café, des marchés internationaux de type « Futures » (ou organisés) comme celui de Londres qui traite le café Robusta ou du Chicago Mercantile Exchange – CME, coexistent en effet avec des bourses de marchandises ou des marchés à terme, de type « Forward » n’ayant pas le périmètre des précédents, en Inde, en Chine mais également au Vietnam. Le recours à l’un ou l’autre de ces marchés ne procède pas d’une analyse évidente, chacun ayant leurs avantages et leurs contraintes propres. Nous appuyant sur la littérature existant sur l’utilité des marchés à terme commerciaux et financiers, nous évaluons ainsi leurs intérêts respectifs pour l’économie vietnamienne. On ne saurait de ce point de vue réduire la fonction des marchés organisés de matières premières à la seule fonction de gestion des risques, tant leurs rôles dans la diffusion de l’information et la mise en oeuvre de stratégies de stockage peut, dans certains cas, être incontournables. Sur la base de cette évaluation, cette thèse a également pour ambition de proposer quelques voies d’amélioration de la gestion du risque de prix et les politiques de stockage au sein de la filière caféicole vietnamienne. / The main objective of the thesis is to find solutions to improve the effectiveness of risk management for Vietnamese coffee stakeholders through trading on commodity exchanges. Like any agriculture products being subject to an important international exchange, coffee is known as a price significantly fluctuated product, which impacts not only the profitability and sustainability of producing entities, but also the export value of the major producing countries. The issue of management of price risk and implicitly, which relates to the appropriateness of the derivatives usage as hedging tools are central in fact.In order to understand how derivatives are applicable in the circumstances of Vietnamese coffee producers, the thesis focused primarily on studying about how to organize the coffee supply chain in Vietnam and foreseeing whether more intervention from intermediaries (traders, industrial shopkeepers) – before the product arrives the consumer – causes any effects. Each participant may face many risks, which has a direct or indirect impact on the product sale price. Producers are exposed to the risk of falling prices while intermediaries (processors or “simple” traders) are exposed to the risk of reducing their intermediation margin. In fact, they buy the product to resell but the two activities (selling and buying) are not done in a simultaneous way. From this point of view, the risk level to which they are exposed is usually significant in comparison with their commercial margin. The thesis tried to define which the most appropriate solutions should be taken by Vietnamese coffee producers in order to protect themselves against short-term unfavorable prices. This led us to consider the relevance of domestic as well as international coffee futures markets.For exporting products like coffee, there are two types of market which coexist: The Future Market (or organized market) - such as ICE Europe in London which deals Robusta coffee, ICE Futures U.S with Arabica coffee, CME and CBOT, the oldest and most active commodity exchange in the United States, and the Forward Market which is in India, China and Vietnam. There’s no better market since each type has its advantages and disadvantages. However, based on the previous research of commodity and finance exchange, we could estimate its respective interests for the Vietnamese economy leading to the possibility of optimizing only to the risk management function. Therefore, its roles in information dissemination and the implementation of storage policies may be unavoidable in some cases. According to this evaluation, the thesis also aims to propose some methods of improving the price risk management and storage policies in the Vietnamese coffee sector.

This thesis researches the world coffee and tea trade, especially their flows and trends in consumption and production and trade regulations that affect these flows. This paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter focuses on the world coffee and tea production, the economic benefits of these commodities for producing countries and the outlook for these markets. Another chapter deals with the coffee and tea market, the development of demand, supply and price is examined. This chapter is also dedicated to the concept of Fair Trade and to the forms of trading on examined markets. It is explained how the commodity exchange, tea auctions and trading on the basis of financial derivatives work. The last chapter investigates the forms of international regulations that have been requested by the global coffee and tea trade.

<p>Hur resonerar potentiella kunder kring inköp av produkten som ens företag tillhandahåller? En av de främsta frågorna hos en marknadsförare, men också en fråga som är aktuell i vår marknadsekonomi i stort. Konsumentbeteende är därför ett givet fält inom företagsekonomin. Men hur går det till när konsumenten är ett företag? Vilka aspekter är viktiga och varför? Vilka marknadsföringsinsatser bör genomföras utifrån denna adderade förståelse? Det är utgångspunkten för denna uppsats. För att kunna svara på dessa frågor har en ny konsumentbeteendemodell utarbetats, vilket skett utifrån befintliga teorier inom konsumentbeteende och då särskilt den så kallade svarta lådan-modellen. Målet med modellen är att kasta ljus över relevanta aspekter och processer som beaktas och gås igenom i samband med inköp inom ett företag.</p><p>Studien avser inköp av kaffemaskiner avgränsat till potentiella kunder för kaffe- och kaffemaskinleverantören Premium Coffee och dess produkt Nespresso, med betoning på större företag i Stockholmsområdet. Informationsinsamlingen har skett med hjälp av enkäter per mail.</p><p>Utifrån vår empiri och analys av denna har vi gjort antagandet att priset är den absolut mest styrande faktorn för gruppen. Det verkar dock som om man kan tänka sig att betala mer om detta ”mer” är konkret och efterfrågat. Hit verkar inte en godare smak och möjligheter till varumärkesbyggande finnas utan snarare värden som miljövänlighet, kvalité och hållbarhet. Vidare kan vi också anta att inköp nästan alltid sker via anbud.</p><p>Utifrån detta kan man dra slutsatser kring vilka insatser som skulle kunna genomföras. Hit hör att berättiga sitt ändå högre pris, men också utforma ett bättre svar på miljöfrågorna och en uppväxling av positioneringsaktiviteterna.</p> / <p>How do potential customers reason concerning the purchase of a product supplied? This is one of the main issues for a marketer, but also an issue that is current in our market economy at large. Consumer behaviour is a given field of business economy. But how does this work when the consumer is a company? What marketing efforts should be implemented based on these new findings? This is the starting point of this essay. To answer these questions, a new consumer model, has therefore, been developed, which is based on existing theories of consumer behaviour and in particular the so-called black box model. The goal of the model is to shed light on the relevant aspects and processes that are reviewed and considered in connection to the purchase of an enterprise.</p><p>The study relates to the purchase of coffee machines to the limited prospects for the coffee and coffee machine supplier Coffee Premium, with an emphasis on large companies in the Stockholm region. Information has been collected using questionnaires by mail.</p><p>Based on our empirical data, we can assume that price is the absolutely most governing factor for the group. They are however willing to pay for more if this "more" is defined and demanded. It does not seem as a better taste and the ability to strengthen the brand are aspects considered as such but rather aspects as quality and durability. Furthermore, we can also assume that the purchase is almost always done through tenders.</p><p>Based on this we are able to draw a number of conclusions about what actions that could be implemented. These include, for example, to review the pricing, combined with the aim to justify the higher prices, but also design a better response to environmental issues and an up shift of positioning activities.</p>