Os programas de alimentação escolar na América Latina são políticas sociais públicas cujos objetivos e benefícios são múltiplos. Essas ações foram adquirindo o formato intersetorial na medida em que atendem às preocupações com saúde, educação, bem–estar social e desenvolvimento econômico. Como políticas educacionais, tornaram–se visíveis instrumentos de garantia de equidade e oportunidades para os estudantes. Eles são avaliados como um certeiro modo de ampliar o espectro educacional, ao mesmo tempo em que colaboram com a saúde. Seja sustentando formas de prevenção de doenças ligadas à alimentação, como se verifica nos países desenvolvidos, ou como um suplemento de carências alimentares, modo como é visto nos países em desenvolvimento. Este trabalho de análise de política utilizou o método comparado e levantou semelhanças e diferenças entre a Bolívia, o Brasil e o Chile na formulação e implementação das suas políticas de alimentação escolar. Foram identificadas variáveis comparativas de corte qualitativo, empregadas na abordagem dos contextos histórico, econômico, social, cultural e político. Desse modo, o objetivo da tese é realizar um estudo comparado das políticas de alimentação escolar na Bolívia, no Brasil e no Chile, analisando contextos, referenciais, objetivos, estratégias e resultados obtidos no marco de mudanças paradigmáticas estabelecidas desde a sua idealização até os nossos dias. O primeiro momento paradigmático é aquele do incentivo, impulso e indução dos programas de alimentação pelos organismos internacionais, na metade do século XX. Esse momento foi denominado de germinação, no sentido botânico de brotar das sementes, de nascer, ou seja, do surgimento ou não das políticas. O segundo momento foi situado em torno do ano 2000, com a vigência das Metas para o Desenvolvimento do Milênio. Nesse momento, utiliza-se os frutos dos programas implementados e suas experiências servem de base para um novo momento de semear. Nesse movimento identificamos a diferença entre políticas para a luta contra a fome e, na sua evolução, políticas voltadas para alimentação. / Latin American school feeding programs are public social policies with multiple goals and benefits. These actions have taken on a varied scope as they address concerns related to health, education, social welfare and economic development. As education policies they have become visible instruments that guarantee equality and opportunities for students. They are deemed a surefire way for expanding the educational spectrum, at the same time they bring health benefits. Whether by supporting ways to prevent food–related diseases, as seen in developed countries, or as a supplement for nutritional needs, as it is seen in developing countries. Our analysis of the policies used the comparative method and looked at the similarities and differences between Bolivia, Brazil and Chile in terms of how these countries design and implement their school meal programs. We identified comparative variables of a qualitative nature, and employed them to approach the historic, economic, social, cultural and political backdrops. Hence, the purpose of this thesis is to comparatively study school meal programs in Bolivia, Brazil and Chile, and analyze contexts, references, goals, strategies and the results obtained at the mark of paradigm shifts taking place from the time they were created up to the present time. The first paradigmatic point is that when meal programs were encouraged, boosted and instated by international agencies in the mid 20th century. That time was called germination, in the botanical sense of seeds sprouting, budding, that is, when policies were created or not. The second point was situated around the year 2000, as the Millennium Development Goals were set. Back then the results of the programs implemented were used, and their experiences served as the basis for a new time to sow. In that shift we have identified the difference between policies that fight hunger and, as they progress, policies oriented toward nutrition. / Los programas de alimentación escolar en América Latina son políticas sociales públicas cuyos objetivos y beneficios son múltiples. Estas acciones fueron adquiriendo el formato intersectorial en la medida en que atienden a las preocupaciones con salud, educación, bienestar social y desarrollo económico. Cómo políticas educacionales se convirtieron en visibles instrumentos de garantía de equidad y de oportunidades para los alumnos. Ellos son evaluados como acertados colaboradores de la expansión educacional, al mismo tiempo, colaboran con la salud. Tanto como un modo de prevenir las enfermedades relacionadas con la alimentación, modo como se ve en los países desarrollados, tanto como complemento a la escasez de alimentos, modo como se ve en los países en desarrollo. Este trabajo de análisis de política utilizó el método comparado y levantó semejanzas y diferencias entre Bolivia, Brasil y Chile en la formulación e implementación de sus políticas de alimentación escolar. Fueron identificadas variables comparativas de corte cualitativo, empleando un abordaje de los contextos históricos, económicos, sociales, culturales y políticos. De este modo, el objetivo de esta tesis es realizar un estudio comparativo de las políticas de alimentación escolar en Bolivia, Brasil y Chile, analizando contextos, referenciales, objetivos, estrategias y resultados obtenidos en el marco de transformaciones paradigmáticas establecidas desde su idealización hasta nuestros días. El primer momento paradigmático es aquel del incentivo, impulso e inducción de los programas de alimentación de parte de los organismos internacionales, en la mitad del siglo XX. Este momento fue denominado de germinación, en el sentido botánico de brotar de las semillas, nacer, es decir, del surgimiento o no de las políticas. El segundo momento fue situado alrededor del año 2000, con la vigencia de las Metas de Desarrollo del Milenio. En este momento se utilizan los frutos de los programas implementados y sus experiencias sirven de base para un nuevo tiempo de siembra. En este movimiento identificamos la diferencia entre las políticas de lucha contra el hambre y, en su evolución las políticas dirigidas para la alimentación.

In this investigation key elements of the mysticism of Elizabeth of the Trinity (1880-1906) are compared and contrasted with the mysticism of the Eastern Orthodox Church, and as a result, the true nature of the relationship between their respective mysticism is elucidated. Key doctrines which exhibit a remarkable consonance are: the trinitarian foundation of their mysticism, the indwelling of the Trinity in the human soul, asceticism, desert spirituality, sacrificial love, liturgical spirituality, scriptural spirituality, deification and the doxological nature of their mysticism. Elements of divergence exist within the following: election and predestination, apophatic versus cataphatic mysticism, the Roman Catholic dogma of the immaculate conception of the virgin Mary, and the mode of God's presence in the human soul. Elizabeth's relevance for today is also considered, namely, her ecclesial mission which she now continues in heaven: to intercede for people seeking union with God and to draw people to interior recollection. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M.Th.

Os programas de alimentação escolar na América Latina são políticas sociais públicas cujos objetivos e benefícios são múltiplos. Essas ações foram adquirindo o formato intersetorial na medida em que atendem às preocupações com saúde, educação, bem–estar social e desenvolvimento econômico. Como políticas educacionais, tornaram–se visíveis instrumentos de garantia de equidade e oportunidades para os estudantes. Eles são avaliados como um certeiro modo de ampliar o espectro educacional, ao mesmo tempo em que colaboram com a saúde. Seja sustentando formas de prevenção de doenças ligadas à alimentação, como se verifica nos países desenvolvidos, ou como um suplemento de carências alimentares, modo como é visto nos países em desenvolvimento. Este trabalho de análise de política utilizou o método comparado e levantou semelhanças e diferenças entre a Bolívia, o Brasil e o Chile na formulação e implementação das suas políticas de alimentação escolar. Foram identificadas variáveis comparativas de corte qualitativo, empregadas na abordagem dos contextos histórico, econômico, social, cultural e político. Desse modo, o objetivo da tese é realizar um estudo comparado das políticas de alimentação escolar na Bolívia, no Brasil e no Chile, analisando contextos, referenciais, objetivos, estratégias e resultados obtidos no marco de mudanças paradigmáticas estabelecidas desde a sua idealização até os nossos dias. O primeiro momento paradigmático é aquele do incentivo, impulso e indução dos programas de alimentação pelos organismos internacionais, na metade do século XX. Esse momento foi denominado de germinação, no sentido botânico de brotar das sementes, de nascer, ou seja, do surgimento ou não das políticas. O segundo momento foi situado em torno do ano 2000, com a vigência das Metas para o Desenvolvimento do Milênio. Nesse momento, utiliza-se os frutos dos programas implementados e suas experiências servem de base para um novo momento de semear. Nesse movimento identificamos a diferença entre políticas para a luta contra a fome e, na sua evolução, políticas voltadas para alimentação. / Latin American school feeding programs are public social policies with multiple goals and benefits. These actions have taken on a varied scope as they address concerns related to health, education, social welfare and economic development. As education policies they have become visible instruments that guarantee equality and opportunities for students. They are deemed a surefire way for expanding the educational spectrum, at the same time they bring health benefits. Whether by supporting ways to prevent food–related diseases, as seen in developed countries, or as a supplement for nutritional needs, as it is seen in developing countries. Our analysis of the policies used the comparative method and looked at the similarities and differences between Bolivia, Brazil and Chile in terms of how these countries design and implement their school meal programs. We identified comparative variables of a qualitative nature, and employed them to approach the historic, economic, social, cultural and political backdrops. Hence, the purpose of this thesis is to comparatively study school meal programs in Bolivia, Brazil and Chile, and analyze contexts, references, goals, strategies and the results obtained at the mark of paradigm shifts taking place from the time they were created up to the present time. The first paradigmatic point is that when meal programs were encouraged, boosted and instated by international agencies in the mid 20th century. That time was called germination, in the botanical sense of seeds sprouting, budding, that is, when policies were created or not. The second point was situated around the year 2000, as the Millennium Development Goals were set. Back then the results of the programs implemented were used, and their experiences served as the basis for a new time to sow. In that shift we have identified the difference between policies that fight hunger and, as they progress, policies oriented toward nutrition. / Los programas de alimentación escolar en América Latina son políticas sociales públicas cuyos objetivos y beneficios son múltiples. Estas acciones fueron adquiriendo el formato intersectorial en la medida en que atienden a las preocupaciones con salud, educación, bienestar social y desarrollo económico. Cómo políticas educacionales se convirtieron en visibles instrumentos de garantía de equidad y de oportunidades para los alumnos. Ellos son evaluados como acertados colaboradores de la expansión educacional, al mismo tiempo, colaboran con la salud. Tanto como un modo de prevenir las enfermedades relacionadas con la alimentación, modo como se ve en los países desarrollados, tanto como complemento a la escasez de alimentos, modo como se ve en los países en desarrollo. Este trabajo de análisis de política utilizó el método comparado y levantó semejanzas y diferencias entre Bolivia, Brasil y Chile en la formulación e implementación de sus políticas de alimentación escolar. Fueron identificadas variables comparativas de corte cualitativo, empleando un abordaje de los contextos históricos, económicos, sociales, culturales y políticos. De este modo, el objetivo de esta tesis es realizar un estudio comparativo de las políticas de alimentación escolar en Bolivia, Brasil y Chile, analizando contextos, referenciales, objetivos, estrategias y resultados obtenidos en el marco de transformaciones paradigmáticas establecidas desde su idealización hasta nuestros días. El primer momento paradigmático es aquel del incentivo, impulso e inducción de los programas de alimentación de parte de los organismos internacionales, en la mitad del siglo XX. Este momento fue denominado de germinación, en el sentido botánico de brotar de las semillas, nacer, es decir, del surgimiento o no de las políticas. El segundo momento fue situado alrededor del año 2000, con la vigencia de las Metas de Desarrollo del Milenio. En este momento se utilizan los frutos de los programas implementados y sus experiencias sirven de base para un nuevo tiempo de siembra. En este movimiento identificamos la diferencia entre las políticas de lucha contra el hambre y, en su evolución las políticas dirigidas para la alimentación.

The integration of faith and learning has been the object of study of men and women in the Canadian Calvinistic school movement ever since Dr. Abraham Kuyper pointed out that there could be no dichotomy between the sacred and the secular in the life of a Christian. Acting on the traditions, influences and beliefs these `Reformed' Christians had imbibed in their homeland, the Dutch Calvinistic immigrants who came to British Columbia after WW II built Christian schools as soon as they arrived. As they became more established, they formed curriculum committees of teachers who wrote curriculum for each subject area from a Christian perspective, intentionally planning to integrate their faith and learning in all subject areas. By looking at the history and Bible textbooks of not only the Calvinistic (Reformed) Christian day schools in British Columbia and then branching out to the history and Bible textbooks of three other denominational schools, the Mennonite, the Pentecostal and the Lutheran, I have tried to discover how the faith beliefs of each of these groups are brought to bear on the teaching of Bible. In soliciting the strengths of each of these groups from their history, current practise and teacher comments, I have pitched my own proposal as to how the integration of faith and learning can be enhanced in the teaching of Bible. By blending goals, curricula and best practice, as well combining certain faith belief frameworks in interpreting God's Word, by learning in community, and by listening to the Holy Spirit in the text, I believe the teaching of Bible can become `Spirited teaching'. / Religious Studies and Arabic / D.Th.

The French Benedictine monk Henri Le Saux (Abhishikt.ananda) sought to establish an Indian Christian monasticism, emphasizing Hindu ad1•aitic experience. He understood advaita as both nondual and non-monistic. Using phenomenology and comparative philosophy. this thesis explores his understanding and experience of advaita, comparing it to both traditional Hinduism and neo-Vedanta, as well as to Christianity and Zen Buddhism. Abhishiktananda's description of his experience is examined in relation to perception, thinking, action. ontology and theology. Special attention is given Lo comparing the views of the Hindu sages RamaQa Maharshi and Gnanananda, both of whom influenced Abbishiktananda. Abhishiktananda believed that advaita must be directly experienced; this experience is beyond all words and concepts. He compares Christian apophatic mysticism and Hindu sannyiisa. This thesis examines his distinction between experience and thought in relation to recent philosophical discussions. Abhishiktananda radically reinterprets Christianity. His affirmation of both nonduality and non-monism was influenced by Christian Trinitarianism, interpreted as an emanation of the Many from the One. Jesus' experience of Sonship with the Father is an advaitic experience that is equally available to everyone. Abhishiktananda believes that the early Upanishads report a similar experience. A monistic interpretation of advaita only developed later with the "dialectics" of Shankara's disciples. In non-monistic advaita, the world is not an illusion. Using ideas derived from tantra and Kashmir Saivism, Abhishiktananda interprets mayii as the .fakti or power of Shiva. He compares .fakti to the Holy Spirit. Abhishiktananda distinguishes between a pure consciousness experience (nirvikalpa or kel•ala samudhi) and a return to the world of diversity in sahaja samiidhi. Ramar:ta and Gnanananda make a similar distinction. Sahaja samadhi is the state of the jf11anmukti, the one who is liberated while still in the body; it is an experience that is referred to in tantra and in Kashmir Saivi.\'m . Abhishiktananda never experienced nin•ikalpa samiidhi, but he did experience sahaja sam&lhi. The appendix provides one possible synthesis of Abhishiktananda's understanding of advaita using the ideas of C. G. Jung. / Religious Studies / Thesis (D.Litt. et Phil.)

Summaries in English and Afrikaans / Die verhoudings tussen Christene en Moslems word dikwels vertroebel deur wantroue, misverstand en kultuurverskille. Hierdie studie behandel gebed as 'n moontlike brug van begrip tussen Moslems en Christene. Die motivering vir die studie le egter dieper as die soeke na goeie wedersydse verhoudings. Dit vloei voort uit deelname aan die "God se sending" in die wereld. Hoofstuk 2 gee 'n noukeurige beskrywing van Moslemgebed (salat), deur te kyk na die oproep tot gebed, voorneme, wassing, gebedshoudings, asook die plek en rigting van gebed. Hoofstuk 3 bevat 'n Christelike interpretasie van Moslemgebed. Di t bestudeer die aanroep ("In die naam van God"), die Moslem-geloofsbelydenis en salat as ritueel. Hoofstuk 4 tref 'n vergelyking tussen die eerste Soerah (Al-Fatihah) en die "Onse Vader". Beide verskille en ooreenkomste word aangetoon. Hoofstuk 5 trek dan 'n paar missiologiese konklusies, met die klem op gebedshoudings en die verhouding tussen dialoog en getuienis. / Relations between Christians and Muslims have often been strained due to mistrust, misunderstanding and cultural differences. This study focuses on prayer as a possible bridge to mutual understanding between Muslims and Christians. However, the motivation for this study goes deeper than a search for good neighbourliness. It stems from participating in the ''mission of God" in society. Chapter 2 gives a detailed description of Muslim prayer (salat), looking at the call to prayer, intention, ablution, prayer postures, the place and the direction of salat. Chapter 3 contains a Christian interpretation of Muslim prayer. It examines the invocation ("In the name of God"), the Islamic Creed, and salat as ritual. Chapter 4 draws a comparison between the opening Surah (Al-Fatihah) and the Lord's Prayer. Both the common and distinguishing features are highlighted. Chapter 5 draws some missiological implications, focusing on prayer postures and the relationship between dialogue and witness. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)

Text in Afrikaans / Social security is an important instrument of government to reduce the risks of economic insecurity to indivi~uals and the community. Social security usually consists of social insurance (for example pensions, unemployment insurance and workmen's compensation) and social assistance (for example social pensions, disability grants and maintenance grants). In view of South Africa's low economic growth, high and rising unemployment, widespread poverty, skew distribution of income and the disintegration of the family, social security requires urgent attention. This issue is even more pressing during the political transition since most policy measures and institutions are reconsidered, while pressure on government expenditure increases. This study commences with a discussion of basic aspects of social security, such as its definition, the rationale for social security in a market economy, the possible influence on economic behaviour, targeting, the financing of social security through a payroll tax and general taxation and the financing of a national pension fund. One of the sources of information of social security is the experience of other countries in this regard. The second part, which constitutes the core of the study, involves a comparative study of social security. After a general discussion on comparative studies, the origin and development of social security in welfare states (the USA, Britain and the Netherlands) and developing countries (Chile, Mexico, Guatemala, Cuba and Sri Lanka) are studied. African countries and the "miracle" countries of the East also receive brief attention. The main emphasis is on equity and efficiency, and aspects such as affordability, financing, targeting, the extension of coverage, a negative income tax, traditional social security and specific programmes that could be of importance to South Africa. In the last section the origin and development of and the fiscal scope for social security are discussed. Besides social insurance and assistance, programmes such as in-kind transfers, public works programmes and tax expenditure receive attention. Aspects of social security such as poverty alleviation, means testing, take-up rates, administration and corruption are discussed, while recommendations are made on topics such as a "voluntarily" national pension scheme, employment creation programmes and food stamps. / Bestaansbeveiliging is 'n belangrike instrument in die hande van die owerheid om die risiko' s van ekonomiese onsekerheid vir individue en die gemeenskap te verminder. Bestaansbeveiliging bestaan gewoonlik uit maatskaplike versekering (waaronder pensioene, werkloosheidsversekering en ongevalleversekering) en maatskaplike bystand (byvoorbeeld maatskaplike pensioene, ongeskiktheidstoelaes en onderhoudstoelaes). In die lig van Suid-Afrika se lae ekonomiese groei, hoe en stygende werkloosheid, wydverspreide armoede, skewe verdeling van inkome en gesinsverbrokkeling, verg bestaansbeveiliging dringende aandag. Die aangeleentheid is des te dringender gedurende die politieke oorgangsperiode waartydens die meeste beleidsmaatreels en instellings in heroorweging geneem word en daar voortdurend druk op die owerheid is om meer van die land se skaars bronne te gebruik. Ter inleiding word enkele kemaspekte van bestaansbeveiliging bespreek, waaronder die definisie daarvan, die rasionaal vir bestaansbeveiliging in 'n markekonomie, die moontlike invloed van bestaansbeveiliging op ekonomiese gedrag, die rol van teikenstelling, die finansiering van bestaansbeveiliging deur middel van 'n loonstaatbelasting en algemene belastings en die finansiering van 'n nasionale pensioenfonds. Een bron van inligting oar bestaansbeveiliging is die ervaring van ander lande op hierdie terrein. Die tweede gedeelte, wat die kern van die studie is, behels 'n vergelykende studie van bestaansbeveiliging. Na 'n inleidende bespreking oar vergelykende studies in die algemeen, word die ontstaan en ontwikkeling van bestaansbeveiliging in welvaartstate (die VSA, Brittanje en Nederland) en in ontwikkelende lande (Chili, Mexiko, Guatemala, Kuba en Sri Lanka) bestudeer. Afrikalande en die "mirakel-lande" van die Coste kry oorsigtelik aandag. Die nadruk in die gedeelte val veral op billikheid en doeltreffendheid en aspekte soos bekostigbaarheid, finansiering, teikenstelling, uitbreiding van dekking, negatiewe inkomstebelasting, tradisionele bestaansbeveiliging en programme wat vir Suid-Afrika van betekenis kan wees. In die laaste gedeelte word die ontstaan en ontwikkeling van en die fiskale ruimte vir bestaansbeveiliging in Suid-Afrika bespreek. Benewens maatskaplike versekering en bystand, kry programme soos in natura oordragte, openbare werke-programme (werkskeppingsprogramme) en belastinguitgawes aandag. Aspekte van bestaansbeveiliging soos armoedeverligting, die middeletoets, opneemkoerse, administrasie en korrupsie word bespreek en aanbevelings word onder me er gemaak ten opsigte van 'n "vrywillige" nasionale pensioenskema, werkskeppingsprogramme en voedselkoepons. / Sociology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Ekonomie)

The French Benedictine monk Henri Le Saux (Abhishiktananda) sought to establish an Indian Christian monasticism, emphasizing Hindu advaitic experience. He understood advaita as both nondual and non-monistic. Using phenomenology and comparative philosophy, this thesis explores his understanding and experience of advaita, comparing it to both traditional Hinduism and neo-Vedanta, as well as to Christianity and Zen Buddhism. Abhishiktananda's description of his experience is examined in relation to perception, thinking, action, ontology and theology. Special attention is given to comparing the views of the Hindu sages Ramana Maharshi and Gnanananda, both of whom influenced Abhishiktananda. Abhishiktananda believed that advaita must be directly experienced; this experience is beyond all words and concepts. He compares Christian apophatic mysticism and Hindu sannyasa. This thesis examines his distinction between experience and thought in relation to recent philosophical discussions. Abhishiktananda radically reinterprets Christianity. His affirmation of both nonduality and non-monism was influenced by Christian Trinitarianism, interpreted as an emanation of the Many from the One. Jesus' experience of Sonship with the Father is an advaitic experience that is equally available to everyone. Abhishiktananda believes that the early Upanishads report a similar experience. A monistic interpretation of advaita only developed later with the "dialectics" of Shankara's disciples. In non-monistic advaita, the world is not an illusion. Using ideas derived from tantra and Kashmir Saivism, Abhishiktananda interprets maya as the sakti or power of Shiva. He compares sakti to the Holy Spirit. Abhishiktananda distinguishes between a pure consciousness experience (nirvikalpa or kevala samadhi) and a return to the world of diversity in sahaja samadhi. Ramai:ia and Gnanananda make a similar distinction. Sahaja samadhi is the state of the jivanmukti, the one who is liberated while still in the body; it is an experience that is referred to in tantra and in Kashmir Saivism. Abhishikta:nanda never experienced nirvikalpa samadhi, but he did experience sahaja samiidhi. The appendix provides one possible synthesis of Abhishiktananda's understanding of advaita using the ideas of C.G. Jung. / Religious Studies and Arabic / Religious Studies and Arabic / D. Litt. et Phil. (Religious Studies)

The aim of this thesis is to compare the concept of sin in the theologies of Ellen G. White and Leonardo Boff. Chapter 1 examines Ellen G. White's concept of sin. White's historical and theological backgrounds coupled with her use of the "great controversy" motif provide a better grasp of her understanding of sin. White defines sin as the transgression of God's Law. She views sin to comprise at least two dimensions, namely, the individual and the social. White regards these two aspects of sin to have equal significance. White's detailed treatment of the sanctuary teaching also highlights the two dimensions of sin. In Chapter 2 Boff' s idea of sin is investigated. Boff' s historical background, which exposed him to the poor, influenced his perception of sin. Boff's theological background together with his familiarity with Karl Marx's social analysis prompted Boff to define sin as the negation of God's love in a human history bedevilled by class conflict. Boff views sin to have the individual and social dimensions. Yet, in terms of importance, Boff believes that the social dimension of sin is more consequential than the individual one. In Chapter 3 White's and Boff s views on sin are compared. From this comparison it is evident that both White and Boff recognize the bipolarity of sin. Both seem to agree that christians should take an active role in correcting social evils because love for God is manifested by how we relate to our neighbor. Boff devotes less space to the individual aspect of sin than White. Chapter 4 shows that White's theological tradition has a lot to learn from Boff and his tradition and also vice versa. An awareness of the current priestly ministry of Christ evident in White's theology could help Boff to bring some balance to his stance on the social and the individual dimension of sin. Boff' s use of Marx's social analysis should also help Seventh-day Adventists, the inheritors of White's theology, not to interpret White's theology of sin only along individualistic lines while overlooking its social dimension. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / D.Th. (Systematic Theology)

O trabalho visa a comparar duas obras escritas no mesmo período pensando nas diferentes posições adotadas pelos escritores em suas narrativas na tentativa de passar para o leitor suas impressões e reflexões sobre o mundo em que vivem. As duas obras, Angústia, de Graciliano Ramos, e O amanuense Belmiro, de Cyro dos Anjos, foram escritas em meados dos anos 30 e retratam a vida de funcionários públicos que moram em espaços urbanos; são intelectuais citadinos que vivem em uma mesma época, mas que reagem à vida de maneira muito diversa. Com essa comparação, espera-se encontrar os pontos divergentes (pois as obras podem ser consideradas antagônicas no que diz respeito à maneira de narrar), mas, sobretudo, os pontos convergentes, levando-se em consideração as problemáticas vividas em um determinado espaço (meio urbano pouco industrializado - próprio de centros urbanos de menor importância econômica) e tempo (a tumultuada e importante década de 30) por intermédio da figura do funcionário público, central nas duas obras / This work aims to compare two narrative books written in the same period and ponder over the different positions taken by the authors to reconstruct what was happening around them. The two works, Graciliano Ramos\' Angústia and Cyro dos Anjos\' O amanuense Belmiro were published in the mid-30\'s and depict the ways of life of two public officers who live in the city. Both of them are urban intellectuals living in the same time but reacting to life differently. This comparison expects to find out different ways to narrate mainly the same problems in similar spaces (semi-urban cities) and time (the complicated and important mid-30\'s in Brazil) through the configuration of a similar character in both works: the public official. Very common within the literature of that period, it is important to analyze this character from two points of view: its origin and its outcome. This work aims to analyze some of the relevants social aspects which inform the structure of the two books, especially unveiling the character of the public official based on a model announced by Mário de Andrade - the \"loser\" -, which shows the different ways to react to this failure, proving that maybe the two works are not as different as they seem