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Introdução: Esta pesquisa é um recorte do projeto de pesquisa INVESTIGAÇÃO DAS DIFICULDADES HUMANAS DE PROFISSIONAIS DE SAÚDE NAS PRÁTICAS DE CONTROLE DE INFECÇÃO RELACIONADA À ASSISTÊNCIA À SAÚDE. Parte da hipótese de que o sofrimento decorrente da condição que um profissional de assistência à saúde (PAS) tem de se envolver emocionalmente e afetivamente ao sofrimento e às dores dos pacientes a quem prestam assistência possa ser a principal causa da não adesão às práticas de controle de infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde (IRAS) e a responsável por fazer com que eles se descuidem, colocando a vida do paciente e a deles própria em risco de morte uma vez que o sofrimento decorrente dessa condição interfere em seus trabalhos, aumentando a possibilidade de erros e de não adesão, colaborando, assim, para a sua transmissão. As manifestações decorrentes da condição de envolvimento emocional e afetivo de um PAS ao sofrimento e às dores de seus pacientes vêm recebendo diversas nomeações e definições, como Fadiga e/ou Satisfação por Compaixão. Objetivos: investigar: a) se PAS de Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTIs) apresentam sofrimento decorrente da condição de envolvimento emocional e afetivo ao sofrimento e às dores dos pacientes a quem prestam assistência, compreendido por um dos componentes da Fadiga por Compaixão, o Estresse Traumático Secundário; b) as compreensões dos PAS a respeito das dificuldades relacionadas às práticas de controle de IRAS, as percepções de suas próprias participações nas práticas de controle de IRAS, as suas sugestões para diminuição de taxas de IRAS e as observações livres a respeito da participação na pesquisa. Método: Trata-se de estudo clínico transversal. Foram incluídos PAS da área de enfermagem ou médicos, atuantes ou que tenham atuado em UTIs e que tenham compreendido e assinado o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. Para o primeiro objetivo foram incluídos 168 PAS e, para o segundo, 96. Foram utilizados ficha de dados sócio demográficos, ProQol-BR e entrevistas semi-dirigidas. Os dados sócio demográficos foram 9 analisados por recursos do programa Excel; os do ProQol-BR foram analisados conforme orientações de Stamm (2010) e análise estatística; e os das entrevistas analisados conforme método de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: A maioria (53,6%) dos PAS avaliados não apresentou sofrimento decorrente da condição de envolvimento emocional e afetivo ao sofrimento e às dores dos pacientes a quem prestam assistência, compreendido por Estresse Traumático Secundário. Os dados das entrevistas foram agrupados em fatores institucionais e subjetivos. As compreensões das dificuldades dos PAS envolveram ambos fatores, mas os subjetivos (52%) sobressaíram os institucionais. Sobre as percepções, tenderam a não assumir dificuldades, mas quando as assumiram, atribuíram mais a fatores subjetivos (66%) do que institucionais. As sugestões foram mais relacionadas a ações institucionais (89%). E as observações a respeito da pesquisa apontaram que, apesar de algumas críticas, a pesquisa foi bem vista e aceita. Conclusão: Essa pesquisa permitiu identificar que as dificuldades de adesão dos PAS avaliados às práticas de controle de IRAS não estão relacionadas a um sofrimento decorrente de um envolvimento emocional e afetivo ao sofrimento e às dores de seus pacientes, mas a uma falta de envolvimento / Introduction: This research is part of the research project INVESTIGATION OF HUMAN DIFFICULTIES OF HEALTH PERSONNEL IN HEALTH CARE INFECTION CONTROL PRACTICES. Started off the hypothesis that the suffering resulting from the condition that a health care professional has to be emotionally involved to the suffering and pain of patients whom they assist, may be the primary cause of non-adherence to infection control practices related to health care, and the responsible for making them neglect putting the patient´s and their own lives at risk of death since this interferes on their work, increasing the possibility of errors and nonadherence, thus contributing to its transmission. The manifestations resulting from the emotional involvement condition of a health care professional to the suffering and pain of their patients are receiving several nominations and definitions such as fatigue and / or compassion satisfaction. Objectives: investigate: a) if health professionals of intensive care units show suffering resulting from the emotional involvement condition to the suffering and pain of patients whom they assist, comprehended by one of the compassion fatigue components, the Secondary Traumatic Stress; b) the comprehensions of health professionals about the difficulties related to health care infection control practices, the perceptions of their own performances in health care infection control practices, their suggestions for reducing health care infections rates and their free observations about participation in the research. Method: this is a cross-sectional clinical study, conducted in four ICUs of Hospital das Clínicas, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo. The study included professionals in the nursing field or doctors whom are working or have worked in ICUs and whom have understood and signed the free and informed consent. Were included 168 professionals for the first objective and 96 for the second. The instruments used were sociodemographic data, ProQol-BR and semi-structured interviews. The sociodemographic data were analyzed by Excel program features, the ProQol-BR data were analyzed according to Stamm guidelines (2010) and statistical analysis and the interviews analyzed according to the method of content analysis. Results: Most (53.6%) of the professionals evaluated showed no suffering from the emotional involvement condition to suffering and pain of the patients whom they assist, comprehended by Secondary Traumatic Stress. Interview data were grouped into institutional and subjective factors. The professional´s comprehensions about the difficulties involved both factors, but subjective (52%) exceeded the institutional. About their perceptions, they tended not to recognize difficulties, but when recognized, they attributed it more to subjective factors (66%) than to institutional. The suggestions were more related to institutional actions (89%). And the free observations about the research showed that, despite some criticism, the research was well regarded and accepted. Conclusion: This study identified that the difficulties in health care infection control practices of the health professionals evaluated are not related to a suffering resulting from an emotional and involvement to the suffering and pain of their patients but a lack of involvement

Introdução: Esta pesquisa é um recorte do projeto de pesquisa INVESTIGAÇÃO DAS DIFICULDADES HUMANAS DE PROFISSIONAIS DE SAÚDE NAS PRÁTICAS DE CONTROLE DE INFECÇÃO RELACIONADA À ASSISTÊNCIA À SAÚDE. Parte da hipótese de que o sofrimento decorrente da condição que um profissional de assistência à saúde (PAS) tem de se envolver emocionalmente e afetivamente ao sofrimento e às dores dos pacientes a quem prestam assistência possa ser a principal causa da não adesão às práticas de controle de infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde (IRAS) e a responsável por fazer com que eles se descuidem, colocando a vida do paciente e a deles própria em risco de morte uma vez que o sofrimento decorrente dessa condição interfere em seus trabalhos, aumentando a possibilidade de erros e de não adesão, colaborando, assim, para a sua transmissão. As manifestações decorrentes da condição de envolvimento emocional e afetivo de um PAS ao sofrimento e às dores de seus pacientes vêm recebendo diversas nomeações e definições, como Fadiga e/ou Satisfação por Compaixão. Objetivos: investigar: a) se PAS de Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTIs) apresentam sofrimento decorrente da condição de envolvimento emocional e afetivo ao sofrimento e às dores dos pacientes a quem prestam assistência, compreendido por um dos componentes da Fadiga por Compaixão, o Estresse Traumático Secundário; b) as compreensões dos PAS a respeito das dificuldades relacionadas às práticas de controle de IRAS, as percepções de suas próprias participações nas práticas de controle de IRAS, as suas sugestões para diminuição de taxas de IRAS e as observações livres a respeito da participação na pesquisa. Método: Trata-se de estudo clínico transversal. Foram incluídos PAS da área de enfermagem ou médicos, atuantes ou que tenham atuado em UTIs e que tenham compreendido e assinado o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. Para o primeiro objetivo foram incluídos 168 PAS e, para o segundo, 96. Foram utilizados ficha de dados sócio demográficos, ProQol-BR e entrevistas semi-dirigidas. Os dados sócio demográficos foram 9 analisados por recursos do programa Excel; os do ProQol-BR foram analisados conforme orientações de Stamm (2010) e análise estatística; e os das entrevistas analisados conforme método de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: A maioria (53,6%) dos PAS avaliados não apresentou sofrimento decorrente da condição de envolvimento emocional e afetivo ao sofrimento e às dores dos pacientes a quem prestam assistência, compreendido por Estresse Traumático Secundário. Os dados das entrevistas foram agrupados em fatores institucionais e subjetivos. As compreensões das dificuldades dos PAS envolveram ambos fatores, mas os subjetivos (52%) sobressaíram os institucionais. Sobre as percepções, tenderam a não assumir dificuldades, mas quando as assumiram, atribuíram mais a fatores subjetivos (66%) do que institucionais. As sugestões foram mais relacionadas a ações institucionais (89%). E as observações a respeito da pesquisa apontaram que, apesar de algumas críticas, a pesquisa foi bem vista e aceita. Conclusão: Essa pesquisa permitiu identificar que as dificuldades de adesão dos PAS avaliados às práticas de controle de IRAS não estão relacionadas a um sofrimento decorrente de um envolvimento emocional e afetivo ao sofrimento e às dores de seus pacientes, mas a uma falta de envolvimento / Introduction: This research is part of the research project INVESTIGATION OF HUMAN DIFFICULTIES OF HEALTH PERSONNEL IN HEALTH CARE INFECTION CONTROL PRACTICES. Started off the hypothesis that the suffering resulting from the condition that a health care professional has to be emotionally involved to the suffering and pain of patients whom they assist, may be the primary cause of non-adherence to infection control practices related to health care, and the responsible for making them neglect putting the patient´s and their own lives at risk of death since this interferes on their work, increasing the possibility of errors and nonadherence, thus contributing to its transmission. The manifestations resulting from the emotional involvement condition of a health care professional to the suffering and pain of their patients are receiving several nominations and definitions such as fatigue and / or compassion satisfaction. Objectives: investigate: a) if health professionals of intensive care units show suffering resulting from the emotional involvement condition to the suffering and pain of patients whom they assist, comprehended by one of the compassion fatigue components, the Secondary Traumatic Stress; b) the comprehensions of health professionals about the difficulties related to health care infection control practices, the perceptions of their own performances in health care infection control practices, their suggestions for reducing health care infections rates and their free observations about participation in the research. Method: this is a cross-sectional clinical study, conducted in four ICUs of Hospital das Clínicas, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo. The study included professionals in the nursing field or doctors whom are working or have worked in ICUs and whom have understood and signed the free and informed consent. Were included 168 professionals for the first objective and 96 for the second. The instruments used were sociodemographic data, ProQol-BR and semi-structured interviews. The sociodemographic data were analyzed by Excel program features, the ProQol-BR data were analyzed according to Stamm guidelines (2010) and statistical analysis and the interviews analyzed according to the method of content analysis. Results: Most (53.6%) of the professionals evaluated showed no suffering from the emotional involvement condition to suffering and pain of the patients whom they assist, comprehended by Secondary Traumatic Stress. Interview data were grouped into institutional and subjective factors. The professional´s comprehensions about the difficulties involved both factors, but subjective (52%) exceeded the institutional. About their perceptions, they tended not to recognize difficulties, but when recognized, they attributed it more to subjective factors (66%) than to institutional. The suggestions were more related to institutional actions (89%). And the free observations about the research showed that, despite some criticism, the research was well regarded and accepted. Conclusion: This study identified that the difficulties in health care infection control practices of the health professionals evaluated are not related to a suffering resulting from an emotional and involvement to the suffering and pain of their patients but a lack of involvement

O presente estudo consiste na investigação psicanalítica das configurações assumidas pelo campo contratransferencial que se estabelece no atendimento psicológico, psicanaliticamente orientado, de pacientes soropositivos para o HIV. Quatro adolescentes, soropositivos em decorrência de transmissão vertical, foram psicanaliticamente assistidos por meio de diferentes enquadres clínicos, que incluíram sessões de psicoterapia individual, oficinas psicoterapêuticas e atividades extramuros, segundo a demanda. Esse complexo acontecer clínico deu origem à elaboração de quatro narrativas transferenciais, que foram psicanaliticamente revisitadas, na busca de criação/encontro de campos contratransferenciais. O quadro geral permite afirmar que, para além de ressonâncias contratransferenciais associadas a peculiaridades relativas ao adolescer e às vicissitudes das histórias individuais, é possível detectar a vigência de um campo contratransferencial nitidamente caracterizado pela compaixão. Tal configuração suscita reflexões teórico-clínicas que apontam que tanto as questões ontológicas relativas à precariedade, limitação e finitude, como as decorrentes das condições concretas de vida, tais como o adoecimento, a experiência da dor, o severo tratamento, a orfandade e a exclusão social, devem ser profundamente levadas em conta no cuidado a esses pacientes / This study aims to show the psychoanalytical investigation of the settings assumed by the countertransference field, which is established in psychological sessions, psychoanalytically oriented, in patients infected with HIV. Four teenagers, positives for HIV by vertical transmission, were psychoanalytically assisted by different clinical setting, which included individual psychotherapy sessions, psychotherapeutic workshops and outdoors activities, according to demand. This complex clinical case originates the development of four transference narratives, which were psychoanalytically revisited, in search of the creation/gathering of countertransference fields. The overall clinical picture allows us to state that, beyond the countertransference resonances associated to peculiarities related to adolescence and to the vicissitude of individual stories, is possible to detect the presence of a countertransference field clearly characterized by compassion. This configuration suscitate theoretical-clinical reflections that point out that the ontological issues caused by precariousness, limitation and finitude, as the current real life conditions, such as illness, experience of pain, severe treatment, the orphanhood and the social exclusion, must be thoroughly considered in the care of these patients

Bakgrund: Empatisk omvårdnad (EO) är grundpelaren i sjuksköterskans yrkesroll och angerhur omvårdnaden ges, genom att känna medlidande, vara närvarande, äkta och vilja innerligtväl. EO är en förutsättning för att kunna ge god vård och utgör samtidigt en källa till kraft närsjuksköterskan upplever mening och tillfredsställelse av att bidra till medmänniskorsvälmående. EO utmanas av dagens ofta snabbt föränderliga och resultatorienteradevårdmiljöer och sjuksköterskestudenters exponering till dessa vårdmiljöer kan bli påfrestandenär verkligheten inte alltid avspeglar de egna värderingarna. En undran som uppstår är hursjuksköterskestudenter bättre kan förberedas på det kommande yrkeslivet. Syfte: Beskrivasjuksköterskestudenters erfarenheter av EO. Metod: Allmän litteraturöversikt med kvalitativansats. Resultatet från 13 vetenskapliga studier beskrevs i fyra teman. Resultat:Sjuksköterskestudenterna visade på god förståelse kring medlidandets betydelse föromvårdnad. EO uppfattades vara tidskrävande men väldigt givande för vårdaren. Även smågester kan förmedla medlidande. Överlag goda erfarenheter från praktikförlagd utbildning gavsjuksköterskestudenterna större förståelse för patienter och deras behov och stärkte viljan atthjälpa dem. Handledningen under utbildningen ansågs vara viktig. Slutsats: Utvecklingen avempatiska förmågan stöds av välstrukturerad introduktion till vårdmiljöer, kompetenta ochengagerade handledare, erfarna sjuksköterskor som förebilder samt mentorers ochmedarbetares stöd. / Background: Compassionate care (CC) is the cornerstone of the nurse's professional role andstates how nursing is given, by feeling compassion, being present, genuine and willingly well.CC is a prerequisite for providing good care and at the same time constitutes a source of energywhen the nurse experiences meaning and satisfaction from contributing to the well-being offellow human beings. CC is challenged by today's often rapidly changing and result-orientedcare environments and the nursing studens’ exposure to these care environments can becomestressful when reality does not always reflect their own values. A wonder that arises is hownursing students can be better prepared for the upcoming professional life. Purpose: Todescribe nursing students' experiences of CC. Method: General literature review withqualitative approach. The results from 13 scientific studies were described in four themes.Result: The nursing students showed good understanding of the importance of compassionfor nursing. CC was perceived to be time consuming but very rewarding for the carer. Evensmall gestures can convey compassion. Overall, good experience from clinical placementsprovided the nursing students with a greater understanding of patients and their needs andstrengthened their willingness to help them. The guidance during the training was consideredimportant. Conclusion: The development of empathic ability is supported by well-structuredintroduction to care environments, competent and committed supervisors, experienced nursesas role models as well as mentors and employees’ support.

No description available.

Objective: We tested a hypothesized model consistent with the notion that self-compassion mediates the association between negative life events and suicidal risk (viz., depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviors) in college students. Method: The sample was comprised of 331 college students. Self-compassion facets (viz., self-kindness, self-judgment, common humanity, isolation, mindfulness, and overidentification) were used in testing for multiple mediation, controlling for sex. Results: Common humanity, mindfulness, and overidentification were found to mediate the association between negative life events (NLE) and depressive symptoms. However, common humanity was found to be the only mediator of the association between NLE and suicidal behaviors. Conclusion: These findings suggest that there are specific facets of self-compassion that account for the association between NLE and suicidal risk in college students and that (loss of) common humanity plays a central role in this process.

No description available.

Objective: One of the main theoretical proposals of Intensive Short-term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP; Davanloo, 1990) is that experiencing of previously unconscious guilt over aggressive impulses associated with attachment trauma leads to increase in self-compassion. The present study aimed to test this assumption. Method: Videotaped sessions from five therapies from a randomized controlled trial of 20-sessions of time-limited ISTDP for treatment-refractory depression were rated with the Achievement of Therapeutic Objectives Scale (ATOS; McCullough, Larsen, Schanche, Andrews& Kuhn, 2003b). Degree of patient guilt arousal and self-compassion were rated on all available sessions. Data were analyzed using a replicated single-subject time-series approach. Results: Guilt arousal was not shown to positively predict self-compassion for any of the five patients. For one patient guilt arousal negatively predicted self-compassion two sessions ahead in time. Conclusion: The current study yields no support that the experience of guilt over aggressive feelings and impulses leads to increases in self-compassion. On the contrary, the finding that guilt negatively predicted self-compassion for one patient must be considered as an indication that this treatment process might negatively impact self-compassion for some patients in some contexts. However, there are several methodological limitations to the current study in the light of which the results should be regarded as tentative.

There are negative personal, psychological, and professional implications of working with individuals who have suffered from trauma, to include secondary trauma. A significant research gap exists in regard to how secondary trauma bears on psychosocial assistants (PAs). Bukavu, in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), has a shortage of trained and licensed mental health providers, and as a result, mental health services have been shifted to PAs. Using Bandura's social cognitive theory and Orem's theory of self-care, this qualitative phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of secondary trauma, through face to face interviews with 13 PAs in Bukavu. The collected data was analyzed using Bryman's four stages of coding. This study found that PAs experienced symptoms of secondary trauma. In talking about their experiences, the themes that emerged included personal changes, perseverance, fear and insecurity, suffering, "thinking too much," nervousness, feeling lost, conflict of compassion, hopelessness, helplessness, religion, faith, the role of God and conflict. PAs had limited knowledge of secondary trauma, its effects and how to manage it. Loneliness, strength, faith, time, money and self-protection, were prominent themes around PAs' discussion of their training and experiences with coping. The findings of this research add to the understanding of secondary trauma of these PAs and may influence the personal and professional wellbeing of PAs through gaining knowledge about their experiences. Understanding secondary trauma in PAs may impact social change in the DRC through influencing the structuring of policies and delivery of mental health services to protect workers and beneficiaries.