<p align="justify">This work deals with the development of numerical methods for compressible flow simulation with application to the interaction of fluid flows and structural bodies.</p><p><p><p align="justify">First, we develop numerical methods based on multidimensional upwind residual distribution (RD) schemes. Theoretical results for the stability and accuracy of the methods are given. Then, the RD schemes for unsteady problems are extended for computations on moving meshes. As a second approach, cell centered and vertex centered finite volume (FV) schemes are considered. The RD schemes are compared to FV schemes by means of the 1D modified equation and by the comparison of the numerical results for scalar problems and system of Euler equations. We present a number of two and three dimensional steady and unsteady test cases, illustrating properties of the numerical methods. The results are compared with the theoretical solution and experimental data.</p><p><p><p align="justify">In the second part, a numerical method for fluid-structure interaction problems is developed. The problem is divided into three distinct sub-problems: Computational Fluid Dynamics, Computational Solid Mechanics and the problem of fluid mesh movement. The problem of Computational Solid Mechanics is formulated as a system of partial differential equations for an anisotropic elastic continuum and solved by the finite element method. The mesh movement is determined using the pseudo-elastic continuum approach and solved again by the finite element method. The coupling of the problems is achieved by a simple sub-iterative approach. Capabilities of the methods are demonstrated on computations of 2D supersonic panel flutter and 3D transonic flutter of the AGARD 445.6 wing. In the first case, the results are compared with the theoretical solution and the numerical computations given in the references. In the second case the comparison with experimental data is presented.</p> / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This thesis concentrates on the study of hybrid gas journal bearings (bearings with externally pressurized mass addition). It differs from most work in that it goes back to “basics” to explore the hydrodynamic phenomena in the bearing gap. The thesis compares geometrically identical bearings with 2 configurations of external pressurization, porous liners where mass-addition compensation is varied by varying the liner’s permeability, and bushings with 2 rows of 6 feedholes where the mass-addition compensation is varied by the feedhole diameter. Experimentally, prototype bearings with mass-addition compensation that spans 2 orders of magnitude with differing clearances are built and their aerostatic properties and mass addition characteristics are thoroughly tested. The fundamental equations for compressible, laminar, Poiseuille flow are used to suggest how the mass flow “compensation” should be mathematically modeled. This is back-checked against the experimental mass flow measurements and is used to determine a mass-addition compensation parameter (called Kmeas) for each prototype bushing. In so doing, the methodology of modeling and measuring the mass addition in a hybrid gas bearing is re-examined and an innovative, practical, and simple method is found that makes it possible to make an “apples-to-apples” comparison between different configurations of external pressurization. This mass addition model is used in conjunction with the Reynolds equation to perform theory-based numerical analysis of virtual hybrid gas journal bearings (CFD experiments). The first CFD experiments performed use virtual bearings modeled to be identical to the experimental prototypes and replicate the experimental work. The results are compared and the CFD model is validated. The ontological significance of appropriate dimensionless similitude parameters is re-examined and a, previously lacking, complete set of similitude factors is found for hybrid bearings. A new practical method is developed to study in unprecedented detail the aerostatic component of the hybrid bearings. It is used to definitively compare the feedhole bearings to the porous liner bearings. The hydrostatic bearing efficiency (HBE) is defined and it is determined that the maximum achievable hydrostatic bearing efficiency (MAHBE) is determined solely by the bearing’s mass addition configuration. The MAHBE of the porous liner bearings is determined to be over 5 times that of the feedhole bearings. The method also presents a means to tune the Kmeas to the clearance to achieve the MAHBE as well as giving a complete mapping of the hitherto misunderstood complex shapes of aerostatic load versus radial deflection curves. This method also rediscovers the obscure phenomenon of static instability which is called in this thesis the “near surface effect” and appears to be the first work to present a practical method to predict the range of static instability and quantify its resultant stiffness fall-off. It determines that porous liner type bearings are not subject to the phenomenon which appears for feedhole type bearings when the clearance exceeds a critical value relative to its mass-addition compensation. The standing pressure waves of hydrostatic and hybrid bearings with the 2 configurations of external pressurization as well as a geometrically identical hydrodynamic bearing are studied in detail under the methodology of the “CFD microscope”. This method is used to characterize and identify the development, growth, and movement of the pressure wave extrema with increased hydrodynamic action (either increasing speed or increasing eccentricity). This method is also used to determine the “cause” of the “near surface effect”. A gedanken experiment is performed based on these results which indicates that a bearing with a “stronger aerostatic strength” component should be more stable than one with a low aerostatic strength component. Numerical instability “speed limits” are found that are also related to the hydrostatic strength of the bearing. The local conditions in the standing waves are characterized in terms of their local Mach number, Knudsen number, Reynolds number, and Taylor Number. It is concluded that low eccentricity bearing whirl can be attributed to the off load-line orientation of the bearing load force caused by the overlay of the hydrodynamic bearing standing wave onto the hydrostatic bearing wave of the hybrid bearing, whereas it is hypothesized that aperiodic and random self-excited vibration which occurs at high eccentricity, as reported in the literature, is probably due to shock waves, turbulence, near surface effect, and slip at local areas of the standing wave.

Additive manufacturing with the use of metals have been a steadily increasing field, being able to create products with a higher degree of complexity than traditional processing techniques. SLM is a popular AM process that uses metal powder as feedstock, and one of the key components of this process is the powder rheology. In recent years the use of a powder rheometer has been shown to be a good way of evaluating powder rheology of metal powders used within AM processes, but there is a clear lack of standardised tests and methods. In this study the Compressibility, Permeability, and Aeration test for 316L powders used within SLM processes was evaluated with a FT4 powder rheometer. 15 powders that had undergone printing in SLM processes were studied. This showed that the compressibility test had the best results in differentiating the bad preforming powders, thereafter the Aeration test. The Permeability test wasn’t able to differentiate the bad preforming powders with the settings used. This study demonstrates that some tests with a powder rheometer can evaluate the powder performance in SLM processes, but further research to evaluate the tests and standardise the settings are needed for clearer test results. / Additiv tillverkning med metall är ett område som stadigt ökat i intresse, främst på grund av möjligheten att producera produkter med en mycket högre grad av komplexitet i jämförelse med traditionella processmetoder. SLM är en populär AM process som använder metallpulver som råmaterial, och en av huvudkomponenterna för processen är pulvrets reologi. Under senare år har användningen av en pulver-reometer visat sig ett bra sätt att utvärdera pulver-reologi för metallpulver som används inom AM, men det finns en klar avsaknad av standardiserade test och metoder. I denna studie utvärderas Kompressabilitet, Permeabilitet, och Aerabilitet testen för 316L pulver producerade för SLM processer med en FT4 pulver-reometer. 15 pulver som genomgått SLM printing studerades. Studien visar att kompressabilitets testets utfall bäst överensstämde med det som setts under SLM processen, och bäst urskilde pulvren som fungerat dåligt att printa med, därefter Aerations testet. Permeabilitets testet kunde inte urskilja de sämre pulvren med de inställningarna som användes. Studien demonstrerar att vissa test och index samlade med ett pulver reometer är mer tillförlitliga än andra när det gäller för att utvärdera pulvrets prestanda inom SLM processer, men vidare forskning och studier krävs för att utvärdera testen och standardisera inställningar baserat på pulvret som testas.