Considerando a reconhecida importância dos Crustáceos para os peixes da família Sciaenidae, decidiu-se estudar a alimentação das espécies: Cynoscion jamaiacensis Cynoscion striatus, Macrodon ancylodon, Micropogonias furnieri, Paralonchurus brasiliensis e Umbrina canosai, em relação aos itens-Crustacea e em especial aos Amphipoda. O material em estudo foi obtido de três cruzeiros do Convênio GEDIP e IOUSP, coletados na Plataforma Continental, entre as latitudes 29º 21\'S (Torres) e 33º 41\'s (Chuí) entre outubro de 1968 e março de 1969. Embora em C.jamaicensis, P.brasiliensis o número de exemp1ares examinados fosse pequeno, foram calculados para a aná1ise do conteúdo estomacal (itens-Crustacea): a freqüência de ocorrência, porcentagem numérica, volume percentual e IRI (índice de re1ativa importância). O número de itens-Crustacea encontrado para as espécies de Sciaenidae foi muito variado. Assim, em M.ancylodon e P.brasiliensis foram encontrados 4 itens, em C.jamaicensis 5, em C.striatus 9, em M.furnieri 13 e em U.canosai 15. O IRI forneceu os itens mais importantes para cada espécie como segue: Amphipoda para C.jamaicensia, P.braisiliensis e U.canosai; Natantia para C.striatus e M.ancylodon e Brachyura para M.furnieri. A análise sobre a variação do regime alimentar com o aumento do tamanho do peixe, revelou que em M.ancylodon, M.furnier, P.brasiliensis e U.canosai, os peixes maiores vão adicionando outros itens, ampliando o seu espectro alimentar. À medida que o peixe cresce, diminui a freqüência de ingestão de presas maiores e aumenta a de presas maiores. O número de espécies de Amphipoda predadores por esses peixes também foi variável. Algumas espécies de Amphipoda foram encontradas em uma só espécie de peixe, outras ao contrário são presas comuns a vários peixes; outras ainda foram encontradas eu alta porcentagem numérica nos estômagos. C.jamaicensis, C. striatus e U.canosai consumiram mais espécies de Amphipoda da infauna, P. brasiliensis ingeriu mais espécies da epifauna, enquanto M. furnieri parece não ter preferência por nenhum desses dois grupos de Amphipoda. Espécies de Amphipoda registradas no levantamento bentônico feito na mesma região de captura dos peixes, revelou uma coincidência de várias espécies encontradas no conteúdo estomacal, indicando que os peixes devem capturar pelo menos parte de sua dieta sobre os organismos disponíveis no seu habitat. Muitas das espécies de Amphipoda predadas pelos Sciaenidae podem também ser as presas de peixes Pleuronectiformes da mesma região. Seis espécies de Amphipoda não haviam sido assinaladas em conteúdo estomacal de peixes, enquanto duas espécies já haviam sido encontradas em estômagos de outras espécies de Sciaenidae. A sobreposição alimentar verificada para pares de espécies de peixes a níve1de ordem dos itens alimentares foi confirmada quando da identificação específica do item Amphipoda. / Considerando a reconhecida importância dos Crustáceos para os peixes da família Sciaenidae, decidiu-se estudar a alimentação das espécies: Cynoscion jamaiacensis Cynoscion striatus, Macrodon ancylodon, Micropogonias furnieri, Paralonchurus brasiliensis e Umbrina canosai, em relação aos itens-Crustacea e em especial aos Amphipoda. O material em estudo foi obtido de três cruzeiros do Convênio GEDIP e IOUSP, coletados na Plataforma Continental, entre as latitudes 29º 21\'S (Torres) e 33º 41\'s (Chuí) entre outubro de 1968 e março de 1969. Embora em C.jamaicensis, P.brasiliensis o número de exemp1ares examinados fosse pequeno, foram calculados para a aná1ise do conteúdo estomacal (itens-Crustacea): a freqüência de ocorrência, porcentagem numérica, volume percentual e IRI (índice de re1ativa importância). O número de itens-Crustacea encontrado para as espécies de Sciaenidae foi muito variado. Assim, em M.ancylodon e P.brasiliensis foram encontrados 4 itens, em C.jamaicensis 5, em C.striatus 9, em M.furnieri 13 e em U.canosai 15. O IRI forneceu os itens mais importantes para cada espécie como segue: Amphipoda para C.jamaicensia, P.braisiliensis e U.canosai; Natantia para C.striatus e M.ancylodon e Brachyura para M.furnieri. A análise sobre a variação do regime alimentar com o aumento do tamanho do peixe, revelou que em M.ancylodon, M.furnier, P.brasiliensis e U.canosai, os peixes maiores vão adicionando outros itens, ampliando o seu espectro alimentar. À medida que o peixe cresce, diminui a freqüência de ingestão de presas maiores e aumenta a de presas maiores. O número de espécies de Amphipoda predadores por esses peixes também foi variável. Algumas espécies de Amphipoda foram encontradas em uma só espécie de peixe, outras ao contrário são presas comuns a vários peixes; outras ainda foram encontradas eu alta porcentagem numérica nos estômagos. C.jamaicensis, C. striatus e U.canosai consumiram mais espécies de Amphipoda da infauna, P. brasiliensis ingeriu mais espécies da epifauna, enquanto M. furnieri parece não ter preferência por nenhum desses dois grupos de Amphipoda. Espécies de Amphipoda registradas no levantamento bentônico feito na mesma região de captura dos peixes, revelou uma coincidência de várias espécies encontradas no conteúdo estomacal, indicando que os peixes devem capturar pelo menos parte de sua dieta sobre os organismos disponíveis no seu habitat. Muitas das espécies de Amphipoda predadas pelos Sciaenidae podem também ser as presas de peixes Pleuronectiformes da mesma região. Seis espécies de Amphipoda não haviam sido assinaladas em conteúdo estomacal de peixes, enquanto duas espécies já haviam sido encontradas em estômagos de outras espécies de Sciaenidae. A sobreposição alimentar verificada para pares de espécies de peixes a níve1de ordem dos itens alimentares foi confirmada quando da identificação específica do item Amphipoda. ABSTRACT Crustacea are considered one of the most important items of the Benithos feeding fish Sciaenidae. The present study analyses the Crustacea and more particular1y the Amphipoda found in the stomach of the Sciaenidae: Cynoscion jamaicensis, Cynoscion striatus, Macrodon ancylodon, Micropogonias furnieri, Parolonchurus brasiliensis and Umbrina canosai. The material was collected on the continental shelf in Southern Brazil (Lat. 29º 21\'S and 33º 41\'S) from October 1968 through March 1969. Although samples with only few specimens of C.jamaicensis and P.brasiliensis were obtained, the results gave important information about the feeding habits of the fish. The number of Crustacea itens varied from one fish species to another. The indice IRI (Pinkas et al., 1971) calculated for the different crustacean itens indicated Amphipoda for C.jamaicensis, P.brasiliensis and U.carosai ; Natantia for C.striatus and M.ancylodon and finally Brachyura for M.furnieri as the most important item. For M.ancylodon, M.furnieri, P.brasilinsis and U.canosai, it was observed that their food spectrun enlarges as their length increases. Each fish species consumed a diverse number of Amphipoda species, same of them being exclusive for only one fish, while others are common prey of several species. Few planktonic Amphipoda especies were found in the contents examined. Bentonic, epifaunal and infauna1 Amphipoda were comsumed in different percentages. Many Amphipoda found in the benthoc sampling of the fishing area were reacorded in the stomach contents. Same of the species preyed by Sciaenidae are the same as those recorded by a previous study (wakabara et al., 1982) on the feeding habits of P1euronectiformes from the same region. The food over1apping among pairs of fishes previous1y observed by Vazzo1er (1975) was confirmed by the specific identification of the preys although this preying is done in different percentages, in terms of composition.

A performance docente vem sendo estudada há muitos anos, no sentido de analisar tanto a eficácia do ensino quanto a melhoria da ação pedagógica. Essa discussão coloca o ensino com a possibilidade de múltiplas práticas, ou seja, não linear, mas variável e evolutiva, tendo em vista diversos estilos metodológicos, entendidos aqui como a forma de atuação do professor, seja referente à sua ação, seja à forma de comunicação. A Educação Física escolar consolidada como componente curricular tem como alicerce a cultura corporal do movimento. Contudo, o grande questionamento da disciplina relaciona-se com a qualidade de suas aulas, isto é, com a capacidade dos professores em elencar objetivos e planejar e organizar conteúdos específicos da área. Percebe-se, assim, na literatura, uma lacuna sobre como os conteúdos da Educação Física escolar irão traduzir-se em aprendizados concretos. A partir dessa problemática, é evidenciada, na presente pesquisa, uma série de inquietações que tratam da docência dos professores de Educação Física e da responsabilidade com os objetivos desse componente curricular, ou seja, de como a Educação Física escolar vem se apresentando no âmbito educacional. Para tal, o objetivo geral deste estudo foi delinear os estilos de ensino inerentes a práxis dos professores de Educação Física. Como objetivos específicos, visaram-se à identificação dos objetivos e dos conteúdos do Ensino Fundamental da Educação Física escolar; à avaliação do envolvimento do professor durante a aula prática de Educação Física escolar; e à analise da consistência entre os objetivos e os conteúdos evidenciados e o envolvimento dos professores participantes desta pesquisa em suas aulas. Com base nos objetivos deste trabalho, propôs-se um estudo com delineamento descritivo exploratório, para o qual se utilizou abordagem mista. Nesse modelo, técnicas quantitativas e qualitativas são utilizadas simultaneamente durante a fase de coleta de dados, e os resultados, compartilhados durante a fase de interpretação. A amostra é constituída por professores de Educação Física do Ensino Fundamental da rede municipal de Porto Alegre. A comunicação inicial foi a partir de endereço eletrônico, via Secretaria Municipal de Educação, com o qual se entrou em contato com 54 escolas, das quais 4 escolas constituíram a amostra de pesquisa, resultando em 5 professores participantes. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados dois instrumentos. O primeiro deles foi uma entrevista semiestruturada, empregada com professores de Educação Física, cujas questões objetivaram investigar concepções sobre a disciplina de Educação Física, sobre o seu ensino-aprendizagem e sua ação pedagógica, ou seja, seus objetivos, conteúdos, procedimentos metodológicos e características. As entrevistas realizadas foram gravadas e transcritas, sendo posteriormente feita a análise do conteúdo gerado. O segundo instrumento utilizado para as observações das aulas foi o SOFIT (System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time), ferramenta que objetiva avaliar a qualidade do ensino de Educação Física. A observação com o SOFIT foi dividida em duas fases (contexto/conteúdo e envolvimento do professor). Seguindo o protocolo desse instrumento, foram filmadas duas aulas de cada professor, nas quais foram sorteados 6 alunos (3 meninos e 3 meninas), dos quais 2 (1 menino e uma menina) foram alunos reservas, caso precisasse de substituição dos alunos observados. As análises das fases foram feitas e incluídas no discurso sobre a ação pedagógica do professor Como resultados, foram identificados o perfil dos sujeitos de pesquisa, suas concepções metodológicas e algumas estratégias. De acordo com os dados apresentados, não foram identificados muitos estilos pedagógicos, mas um padrão de discursos e atuações: os professores estudados, em sua maioria, apresentaram objetivos, contexto e envolvimento nas aulas semelhantes. Em maior parte, os contextos das aulas foram relacionados com habilidades motoras, jogos (motores e esportivos) e com a explicação de regras e conhecimentos. A postura dos professores esteve centrada em dar instruções e administrar as atividades, ou seja, os professores participantes passaram mais da metade do tempo de aula envolvidos com as atividades e com os alunos. Com esta pesquisa, concluiu-se que a Educação Física escolar aqui vista é uma disciplina planejada e estruturada, e seus resultados positivos fazem com que ela consolide sua identidade no contexto escolar e no meio acadêmico. / A performance analysis is studied over many years, a perspective of analysis of teaching effectiveness and improvement of pedagogical action. This discussion about teaching with the possibility of multiple practices, that is, non linear, but variable and evolutionary, considering different methodological styles. The concept of styles here present has as a form of action of the teacher, referring to its action, and form of communication. The School Physical Education consolidated as a curricular component is based on a body culture of the movement. However the great questioning of the discipline is related to a quality of its classes, that is, with a capacity of professors in objectives to list, to plan and to organize specific contents of the area. In the literature there is a lack of knowledge about how the contents of school physical education will translate into concrete learning. From these gaps, it is evident that a series of surveys that deal with the teaching of physical education teachers and the responsibility with the objectives of curricular components, or as a Physical Education school has been presenting in the educational scope. For the general purpose of this study was considered as one of the styles of fundamental and professional teaching of physical education teachers and as specific objectives to consider the objectives and contents of elementary school physical education; The evaluation of the teacher during a practical class of Physical Education school; And an analysis of the consistency between the objectives and the evidenced contents and the involvement of the teachers. Thus, it is a study with an exploratory descriptive design that uses a mixed approach. In this model, quantitative and qualitative techniques are used simultaneously during a data collection phase and the results shared during an interpretation phase. The sample is constituted by the Physical Education teachers of Elementary School of the municipal network of Porto Alegre. An initial communication to an electronic address via the Municipal Department of Education. We contacted by email with 54 schools, are a sample was effectively constituted by 4 schools resulting in 5 teachers. For data collection for two instruments. The first instrument used in the field research for a semistructured interview with Physical Education teachers. The issues related to the discipline of Physical Education and teaching-discipline and its pedagogical action, ie, its objectives, contents, methodological procedures and characteristics of the classes. As interviews were recorded and transcribed and an analysis of the generated content was done later. The second instrument used as lecture notes for the SOFIT (aptitude instruction time observation system). SOFIT is a tool that aims to evaluate the quality of physical education teaching. An observation with the SOFIT instrument is divided into two phases. Following the protocol of this instrument, two classes of each teacher were recorded, six lessons (3 boys and 3 girls), two, one boy and one girl, an example of substitution of the observed students. As analyzes of the phases were made and included in the discourse on the pedagogical action of the teacher. As results, it was identified as the profile of the research subjects, their methodological conceptions and some strategies. According to the results, it is not identified with the pedagogical styles, but with the pattern of speeches and performances. The teachers studied, for the most part, presented objectives, context, and involvement in similar classes. For the most part, the contexts of the classes were related to motor, motor and sports skills and with explanation of rules and knowledge. The teachers' attitude towards the issue of education and the administration of the activities, that is, the participating teachers, spent more than half of the time of class involved with the activities and with the students. So to conclude, the School Physical Education seen here is a discipline, planned and structured. These results are positive for the Physical Education school to consolidate its identity without school context and not academic environment.

Access to appropriate sanitation facilities as well as access to clean drinking water are considered fundamental human rights (Carr, 2001; Bjorklund & Sjodin, 2010), yet roughly 2.5 billion people on the planet lack access to an improved form of sanitation (WHO/UNICEF, 2014). Additionally, many entities responsible for emergency excreta management and sanitation management design guidelines, specifically solids accumulation rates in latrine pits, use rates that are 30-60 years old and may be established from dated knowledge on diet and lifestyle trends (Franceys et al., 1992; Harvey et al., 2002; Harvey, 2007). Using solids accumulation rates that are dated as well as non-local can lead to under design of latrine pits (latrine pits fill faster than expected and designed) or over design of latrine pits (resources and materials are over used in construction and design). Previous research showed that solids accumulation rates in pit latrines ranged from 18 L/person/year to 70 L/person/year though no accumulation rates have been reported for schools. The reported differences in solids accumulation rates were found to depend largely on local user rates and behaviors, the amount of material added to the latrine (both organic and inorganic matter), and the porosity of the soil surrounding the pit. Wood (2013) suggested that solid waste could compose 10-40% of waste accumulated in a pit. Furthermore, fecal generation rates of individuals were also found to differ by country, region and individual (Franceys et al., 1992). An assessment of several methods for measuring accumulation rates was also performed. It was determined that the laser distance meter technique, as well as the use of a graduated metal rod were the best two ways to determine slab to pit content depths in rural communities. Compared to other methods, such as the stereographic imaging technique, and the automated laser scanner technique, the laser distance meter technique and the use of a graduated rod require less expertise and do not require camera and computer resources. This study also developed a method to assess solids accumulation rates of latrines at three rural schools in Saclepea City, Nimba County, Liberia. Depth measurements were taken from the latrine slab to the surface of the pit contents from early May 2014 until mid-June 2014. The accumulation rates were found to be extremely similar for each latrine for all measurements taken, with differences in depth of only 1-3 cm observed over the six-week measurement period. Little research was identified on the effects of feminine waste on solids accumulation rates in latrines and no literature was found concerning the effects of feminine excretions on the degradation of pit contents. More research is thus needed to assess the possible effects the addition of menstrual blood and menstrual excretions can have on degradation rates as well as the lifespan of viruses and other infectious agents in pit contents and the surrounding soil. This is particularly important with the presence of contaminated wastes from victims of Ebola Virus Disease being disposed of in latrines and other sanitation infrastructure in rural areas of West Africa.

The overall aim of this thesis was to examine what experiencing childbirth-related fear may imply for women and for men. The thesis compromises four studies with the following specific aims: I) to investigate the extent and level of childbirth-related fear in women and men, and to identify and compare experiential factors associated with childbirth-related fear in relation to level of fear. II) To describe the contents of childbirth-related fear in women and men, and to investigate whether the contents differed in relation to level of fear. III) To illuminate experiences of intense childbirth-related fear from the perspective of the women, and IV) of the men themselves. The studies were carried out using a combination of postal questionnaires and open interviews. The questionnaire was answered by 410 (74%) women and 329 (60%) men who prior to the study had had a baby at Norrlands university hospital, Sweden. Twenty women and 20 men who in the questionnaire had assessed their fear related to childbirth as intense were interviewed about what this experience had meant to them. The questionnaires were analyzed by factor analyses and quantitative content analysis. When analyzing the open interviews an approach based on the similarity-difference method in Grounded Theory were used. The results showed that the large majority of women (80%) and men (72%) had some experiences of fear related to childbirth. For 94 (23%) women and 43 (13%) men the fear was defined as intense. Among the factors identified as being involved in the experience of childbirth-related fear, 'exposedness and inferiority' had the greatest explanatory power in women, while 'communicative difficulties' had the greatest power in men. The contents of fear were fairly similar in both women and men, but the relative importance fo the fear categories differed. Among women fears related to 'the labour and delivery process' were ranked highest, while the uppermost category among the men were fears related to 'the health and life of the baby'. The comparison of the contents in relation to level of fear revealed that fears related to 'own capabilities and reactions' were significantly more common in women with experiences of intense fear than in women with mild to moderate fear. Among the men fears related to 'the health and life of the baby' and 'the health and life of the woman' were significantly more common in men with intense fear than in men with mild to moderate fear. In addition the open interviews indicated that socially constructed norms and beliefs about being happy and expectant influenced the women's perceptions of themselves and of what is considered as appropriate to feel and talk about during pregnancy. Many women judged themselves as different and inferior to others because of their fear, and described difficulties in expressing their fears due to expectations or experiences of not being taken seriously, being neglected or given misguided consolation. For the interviewed men, wishes to contribute and not causing trouble for the woman, as well as strives to adhere to prevailing norms about "masculinity" impled difficulties to disclose and talk about the fear, and look for support.

Our project presents the research on visualization of statistical contents. Here wewill introduce the concepts of visualization, software quality metrics andproposed visualization technique (line chart). Our aim to study the existingvisualization techniques for visualization of software metrics and then proposedthe visualization approach that is more time efficient and easy to perceive byviewer.In this project, we focus on the practical aspects of visualization of multipleprojects with respect to the versions and metrics. This project also gives animplementation of proposed visualization techniques of software metrics. In thisresearch based work, we have to compare practically the proposed visualizationapproaches. We will discuss the software development life cycle of our proposedvisualization system, and we will also describe the complete softwareimplementation of implemented software.

Syftet med denna studie är att undesöka vilket matematiskt innehåll förskollärare synliggör vid användning av bilderboken Lilla nollan och dom andra. För att besvara studiens frågeställningar har både observationer och kvalitativa intervjuer använts. Två förskollärare från en förskola valdes ut. Barnen som deltog vid observationerna var 4-5 år gamla. Resultatet visar att förskollärarna synliggör ett brett matematiskt innehåll i den ovannämnda bilderboken. De fokuserar på siffror, räkneramsan, räknar antal och jämför form och storlek. Samtal om siffran 0 och dess betydelse förs med barnen. De reflekterar och resonerar tillsammans med barnen över olika matematiska företeelser som de möter i bilderboken med stöd av dess bilder. Förskollärarna ger också flera exempel på hur barnen har utvecklat matematiska begrepp. De tar även tillvara på den mångfald och den variation av matematik som bilderboken erbjuder. / The purpose of this study is to investigate which mathematical contents preeschool teachers visible when using the picture book Little O and all the others. In order to answer the study questions, both observations and qualitative interviews have been used. Two preeschool teachers from one preeschool were selected. The children who participated in the observations were  4-5 years old. The results show that preeschool teachers reveal a broad mathematical content in the above mentioned picture book. They focus on numbers, countingchants, counting numbers and compare the shape and size. Conversations about the number 0 and the importance of it takes place. They reflect and resonate with the children of different mathematical phenomena they encounter in the picture book by virtue of its images. Preeschool teachers also give several examples of how the children have developed mathematical concepts. They also utilize both the diversity and the variety of mathematics that the picture book offers.

An individual who has sustained either irreversible cessation of circulatory and respiratory functions, or irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain, including the brain stem is dead. Brain death is currently the legal definition of death in many countries. Many people confuse brain death with vegetative states. Patients in a vegetative state are unaware of themselves or their environment. Both patients with brain death and those in a vegetative state are unconscious following severe brain injury. Unlike the brain death, vegetative patient¡¦s vital vegetative functions, such as cardiac action, respiration, and maintenance of blood pressure are preserved. The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is the origin of a ¡§life-and-death¡¨ signal identified from systemic arterial blood pressure spectrum and intimately related to brain death. Based on the animal models of brain death, the observations that the power density of the vasomotor components of SAP signals undergoes both augmentation and reduction during the progression towards death strongly suggest that both ¡¥¡¥pro-life¡¦¡¦ and ¡¥¡¥pro-death¡¦¡¦ programs are present in the RVLM. A number of those ¡¥¡¥pro-life¡¦¡¦ and ¡¥¡¥pro-death¡¦¡¦ programs in the RVLM has now been identified along with their cellular and molecular mechanisms. As the neural substrate that is intimately related to brain death, one unresolved question is whether the proteome expressed in RVLM is unique. To address the issue, we used the cerebral cortex, which is defunct under persistent vegetative state for comparison. 2-DE electrophoresis, MALTI-TOF MS and peptide mass fingerprinting were used for investigation the proteomic difference between the rat RVLM and cerebral cortex. Quantitative analysis on silver-stained 2-DE electrophoresis gels revealed highly comparable distribution patterns of these protein spots for both brain regions, with 85.9 ¡Ó 2.3 % of protein spots from RVLM matched those from cerebral cortex. According to the protein function, these proteins were classed into binding activity, chaperone, antioxidant, oxidoreductase, ubiquitin- proteasome system, cell cycle, catalytic activity, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, electron transport chain, endocytosis and exocytosis, structural molecular function, apoptosis, transport, differentiation and neurogenesis, protein biosynthesis, cell junction, and others. We found that a group of antioxidant proteins, including members of the peroxiredoxin (Prx) family (Prx-1, Prx-2, Prx-5, and Prx-6), thioredoxin and mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase exhibited significantly higher protein and mRNA expression levels in RVLM when compared to cerebral cortex. Tissue oxygen, ATP contents and ATP synthase subunits alpha and beta in RVLM were also significantly elevated. On the other hand, protein and mRNA levels of members of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, including proteasome subunit alpha type-1, ubiquitin, uniquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N, ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 and L3, were comparable in both brain regions. The presence of higher levels of tissue oxygen and ATP synthase subunits in RVLM, leading to augmented ATP production, provides a cellular safeguard mechanism to reduce the possibility of irreversible reduction in intracellular ATP contents that precipitate brain death. By manifesting an augmented tissue oxygen and metabolic energy production, RVLM is more prone to oxidative stress. We conclude that a significantly elevated level of antioxidant proteins and mRNA in RVLM is consistent with the exhibition of higher tissue oxygen tension and metabolic energy production in this neural substrate, which together constitute a safeguard mechanism against brain death.

No description available.

タンデトロン加速器質量分析計業績報告 Summaries of Researches Using AMS 2002 (平成14)年度

<p>Our project presents the research on visualization of statistical contents. Here wewill introduce the concepts of visualization, software quality metrics andproposed visualization technique (line chart). Our aim to study the existingvisualization techniques for visualization of software metrics and then proposedthe visualization approach that is more time efficient and easy to perceive byviewer.In this project, we focus on the practical aspects of visualization of multipleprojects with respect to the versions and metrics. This project also gives animplementation of proposed visualization techniques of software metrics. In thisresearch based work, we have to compare practically the proposed visualizationapproaches. We will discuss the software development life cycle of our proposedvisualization system, and we will also describe the complete softwareimplementation of implemented software.</p>