Thesis--Freiburg i. B. / Mimeographed copy of typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 532-550).

Thesis (M.A. in anthropology)--Washington State University, May 2010. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on May 21, 2010). "Department of Anthropology." Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-72).

CUNHA JÚNIOR, José Maria da. Choques econômicos durante a gravidez, peer effects e a iniciação do hábito de fumar entre adolescentes no Brasil: evidências a partir da pesquisa nacional de saúde do escolar 2012 / José Maria da Cunha Júnior - 2015. 53 f. Dissertação (mestrado). - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós Graduação em Economia, CAEN, Fortaleza, 2015. / Submitted by Mônica Correia Aquino (monicacorreiaaquino@gmail.com) on 2017-09-21T18:45:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_jmcunhajunior.pdf: 821624 bytes, checksum: f289c901c7ba4ad2fe1f4af86e2a9048 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Mônica Correia Aquino (monicacorreiaaquino@gmail.com) on 2017-09-21T18:45:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_jmcunhajunior.pdf: 821624 bytes, checksum: f289c901c7ba4ad2fe1f4af86e2a9048 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-21T18:45:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_jmcunhajunior.pdf: 821624 bytes, checksum: f289c901c7ba4ad2fe1f4af86e2a9048 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Using as a database the PeNSE (2012), this research intends to investigate the determinants of smoking initiation among adolescents in Brazil using a duration model (Cox proportional hazard models) through a population study (over 100,000 observations) regarding students characteristics. The proposed model confronts variables capturing the students smoking habit, their socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, parental characteristics and their smoking habit, the school's environment and exogenous shocks during pregnancy on the risk of adolescents initiate the experience with cigarette. Estimates found in this study show the relationship between exogenous shocks during pregnancy and the likelihood that the child try cigarette. For instance, while unemployment rate fluctuations during pregnancy potentiated the risk of the adolescent starts smoking, the increase in the tobacco inputs price reduced that risk. This result highlights the fact that the risk of initiation into smoking can be traced even during the gestational phase. That is, we showed the initial effects (early life effects) importance. Another result worth mentioning is the existence of peer effects (smokers parents and students) on adolescent decision to start smoking. Regarding the parents, it was verified a positive relationship in the influence of smoking parents in the child's decision to start smoking. Also, the likelihood of smoking initiation is influenced positively by students of the same class who have already had experience with cigarette. Some variables were inhibiting on smoking initiation probability, for example the possible parent negative reaction if aware about the son's smoking habit and the fact that living with parents also reduced the probability of initiation. In summary, we belive this study contributes to the literature regarding the determinants of smoking initiation, something crucial for public policies design preventing and combating smoking. / Utilizando como base de dados a PeNSE (2012), esta dissertação pretende investigar os determinantes da iniciação ao hábito de fumar entre os adolescentes no Brasil, através de um estudo populacional (com mais de 100 mil observações) acerca das características dos escolares, por meio de um modelo de duração (Modelo Proporcional de Cox). O modelo proposto confronta variáveis que capturam o hábito de fumo dos estudantes, suas características socioeconômicas e demográficas, características e hábito de fumo dos pais, o ambiente escolar e os choques exógenos durante a gestação, sobre o risco de o adolescente ter sua primeira experiência com cigarro. Estimativas, encontradas no presente estudo, evidenciam a relação entre choques exógenos durante o período gestacional e a probabilidade de o filho experimentar cigarro. Enquanto as flutuações na taxa de desemprego durante a gestação potencializaram o risco de o adolescente experimentar o fumo, o aumento do preço dos produtos relacionados ao fumo reduziram tal risco. Este resultado realça o fato de que o risco de iniciação ao hábito de fumar pode ter sua origem ainda durante a fase gestacional, ou seja, mostramos empiricamente a importância dos efeitos iniciais (early effects). Outro resultado que merece destaque é a existências de peer effects (pais e estudantes fumantes) sobre a decisão do adolescente começar a fumar. Por parte dos pais, houve uma relação positiva na influência dos pais fumantes na decisão do filho(a) começar a fumar, assim como foi verificado também, que a probabilidade da iniciação ao fumo é influenciada positivamente por estudantes da mesma turma que já tiveram experiência com cigarro. Algumas variáveis tiveram características inibidoras em relação à probabilidade de iniciação ao fumo, como o fato da possível reação negativa dos pais caso saiba do hábito de fumar do filho, e o fato de morar com os pais também reduziu a probabilidade de iniciação. Em conjunto, acreditamos ter contribuído para a literatura no que se refere aos determinantes da iniciação ao fumo, algo crucial no planejamento adequado de políticas públicas de prevenção e combate ao tabagismo.

xiv, 110 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / The purpose of this study was to examine the influence that select demographic and employment factors have on the risk of attrition for beginning special and general educators. Data for this study came from the University of Oregon College of Education Student Follow-up Survey project. Employment outcomes were assessed at 1, 3, and 5-year intervals for a sample of early career special and general educators via a mailed survey. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the risk of attrition during the study period. The findings suggest that overall special and general educators had low a risk of attrition, but risk varied by demographic and employment characteristics. Implications for practice and research are discussed. / Committee in charge: Michael Bullis, Chairperson, Special Education and Clinical Sciences; Christopher Murray, Member, Special Education and Clinical Sciences; Paul Yovanoff, Member, Educational Leadership; Susan Hardwick, Outside Member, Geography

Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-06T13:03:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-21. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-10-06T13:18:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000849020.pdf: 1810469 bytes, checksum: 8cb36dbb1ddaf5d18fd121986ec0dad0 (MD5) / testicular neoplasms are sporadic findings. They are described as benign, but they can metastasize or express malignant features with the animal ageing, which makes necessary the better understanding of theses neoplasms behavior in dogs. The aim of this study was to characterize the immunoexpression of Ki-67, COX-2, MMP-9 and p53 in testicular neoplasms of fifty dogs, to verify the relation among histological pattern of the neoplasms and breed, age and testicular localization; and also to verify the immunoexpression of these markers in different types of testicular tumours. Ki-67, MMP-9 and p53 immunostaining were more intense in seminomas, whereas COX-2 presented a more intense staining in Leydig cell tumors. The histological and immunohistochemical analyses of the subtypes of canine seminomas, especially the diffuse seminoma, may result in significant differences which would allow the use of these markers as prognostic factors. The histopathological features associated with the day-history of the animals and with these markers may contribute to the characterization of the biological behavior of canine testicular neoplasms

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:21:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4439.pdf: 2006623 bytes, checksum: 21bda32fc532bf7d57753bbd03222990 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-25 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / Roads generate a large ecological impact to wildlife by raising barriers among ranges of species originally continuous and for causing road-kills. After road-killing, a morphological identification becomes impossible for the loss of diagnostic features, especially in the case of small vertebrates. Use of molecular tools for identification is an alternative that has shown successful results, especially when looking towards the species level. We identified samples from animals road-killed, collected on Guilherme Scatena road, through the use of DNA barcode markers, contributing to the local biodiversity knowledge. Another objective was to know the places that have a higher incidence of road kill and the type of landscape coverage in them. During 20 weeks we collected 123 vertebrates: six mammals (5% of total), 30 birds (24%), 38 amphibians (30%) and 49 reptiles (40%), which meant an average of 0.051 animals/Km road-killed. Through morphological characteristics and molecular (mitochondrial genes cox1 and 16S) we identified 111 samples until species status. Analyses among taxonomic classes showed significant differences, confirming that the effects of roads on biodiversity are taxon-specific. We found 19 different types of landscape around the road, being the most common farm buildings and pasture, showing the strong anthropic pressure on environments of this region. The results shown in this study are intended to be an important basis for planning future actions that provide the best management of this area rich in endemic biodiversity of the Brazilian cerrado, as well as mitigation measures to lessen the impact caused by the road. / As estradas geram um grande impacto ecológico à fauna por criar barreiras que separam áreas originalmente contínuas da distribuição das espécies e por ocasionar atropelamentos. Após os atropelamentos, a identificação morfológica dos animais tornase impossível pela perda de caracteres diagnósticos, sobretudo, nos vertebrados pequenos. A utilização de ferramentas moleculares para a identificação é uma alternativa que tem apresentado resultados bem sucedidos, principalmente quando se pretende conhecer a espécie. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho identificou as amostras de animais mortos por atropelamentos, coletados na estrada Guilherme Scatena, mediante o uso de marcadores de DNA barcode, contribuindo assim para o conhecimento da biodiversidade local. Também foi objetivo do mesmo conhecer os locais de maior incidência de atropelamentos e o tipo de coberturas da paisagem desses. Durante 20 semanas de coleta foram encontrados 123 vertebrados: seis mamíferos (5% do total); 30 aves (24%); 38 anfíbios (30%) e 49 répteis (40%), para uma média de atropelamentos de 0,051 animais/Km. Por meio de caraterísticas morfológicas e moleculares (genes mitocondriais cox1 e 16S) foi possível identificar o status de espécie de 111 amostras do total coletado. As análises realizadas entre classes taxonômicas mostraram diferenças significativas, corroborando que os efeitos das estradas sobre a biodiversidade são táxon-específico. Foram encontrados 19 tipos diferentes de cobertura da paisagem em torno da estrada, sendo mais comuns as construções rurais e as pastagens, evidenciando a forte pressão antrópica sobre os ambientes naturais desta região. Os resultados mostrados neste trabalho pretendem ser uma base importante para o planejamento de ações futuras que prevejam o melhor manejo desta região rica em biodiversidade endêmica do cerrado brasileiro, assim como medidas mitigatórias para diminuir o impacto da estrada.

The world’s growing population is causing an ever increasing demand for clean safe drinking water. In some countries suitable sources of drinking water are becoming scarce and will not be able to satisfy future demand. Consequently, there is a need to find alternative sources of water that can be used for potable supply or to augment current sources. Advanced water treatment methods are now being examined to investigate whether treated domestic sewage effluent can be treated to drinking water standards and discharged upstream of a drinking water abstraction point; a process known as Indirect Potable Reuse (IPR). The aim of this project was to investigate biological activity associated with developmental exposure to IPR water at the various stages of treatment using zebrafish embryos. Embryos reared in water at different stages of the treatment process were observed for developmental abnormalities, and differences in gene expression (compared to an aquarium water control) were used to establish both the nature and persistence of these effects along the treatment process. In addition to the embryo assays, passive sampling devices, Pharmaceutical Polar Organic Integrative Sampler (Pharm-POCIS) were deployed over eight, four week periods to collect composite concentrated samples of some of the contaminants present in the effluent. These concentrated extracts were then used in an in vitro assay; an Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) to measure the inhibition of prostaglandins (an indirect measure of inhibitors of cyclooxygenase activity). We compared our results of the bioassays with the large body of chemical analysis data recorded over a number of years from each of the treatments. The developmental exposures highlighted a low frequency of consistent abnormalities to the heart and spine, and also a lack of pigmentation. Gene expression analysis demonstrates the developmental stage of the embryo to have the greatest influence on global gene expression as opposed to the treatment. Single genes of interest included the two cytochrome P450s (cyp1a and cyp1b1) and somatolactin beta. Some of the pathways disrupted included steroid synthesis, retinol metabolism, tryptophan metabolism and melanogenesis. The latter was consistent with observations of some embryos devoid of pigment. Along the treatment process reverse osmosis seemed to cause the largest change to the gene expression. The extracts from less treated effluent inhibited prostaglandin production, however following reverse osmosis prostaglandin inhibition was greatly reduced. The chemical contaminantion is greatly reduced as the effluent progresses along the IPR treatment process, this is evident from both the chemical data and the biological assays. Reverse osmosis seems to have the greatest influence on the gene expression. The results have highlighted the importance of an appropriate control, to remove background noise.

Submitted by Alison Vanceto (alison-vanceto@hotmail.com) on 2016-09-27T12:14:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseNB.pdf: 25264059 bytes, checksum: f823e6e565d3555a5d49056afd7c39fe (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-27T20:08:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseNB.pdf: 25264059 bytes, checksum: f823e6e565d3555a5d49056afd7c39fe (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-27T20:08:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseNB.pdf: 25264059 bytes, checksum: f823e6e565d3555a5d49056afd7c39fe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T20:08:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseNB.pdf: 25264059 bytes, checksum: f823e6e565d3555a5d49056afd7c39fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-30 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / In this work are presented the in silico study of the formation of complexes between organochalcogens compounds with enzymes COX-1 and COX-2 that were carried out in order to study their potential to act as selective inhibitors of COX-2 and thus as anti-inflammatories, as well as the results of in vitro and in vivo experiments of this activity. There were modeled and studied 15 organochalcogens compounds and their enantiomers, with a structure similar to that of the selective drug celecoxib. Compounds 2-(phenylseleno)-2-(2-ethyl-X)acetophenones-4’Y-substituted , with Y = H, Br, CH3, OCH3, NO2 and X = SO2, SO, S, were modeled using as starting point the crystallographic structure of the compound with Y = Br and X = SO. The three dimensional structures of the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes were obtained from the PDB. The results of the molecular docking calculations were evaluated considering the patterns of orientations/conformations, intermolecular interactions, π interactions and scores. The results of these experiments allowed to propose a mechanism of action as well as a preferred bonding mode that would explain the activity of these compounds as possible inhibitors of COX-2, which is a condition necessary to act as anti-inflammatory. In particular, the compound where Y = OCH3 and X = SO2 (5-OCH3) being selective to COX-2 is the one with the best chances to act as an anti-inflammatory. This is because the OCH3 substituent occupied the S1 subsite of the enzyme, maintaining the interaction with His90 and the SO2 moiety interacts with the Tyr355, an important amino acid for the metabolism of the COX-2 substrate, the arachidonic acid. The other interactions made by the compound, such as π interactions, are important for fixing the ligand in the active site, although they are not directly related to its selectivity. The experiments in vitro and in vivo confirm the in silico results, as the enzyme immunoassay showed that this compound exhibits greater inhibition of COX-2 relative to COX-1. Furthermore, the activity of the 5-OCH3 compound was evaluated with the classical models of edema formation, that is the carrageenan and zymosan induced inflammation in the rat paw, resulting in a significant reduction in paw thickness after two hours and decreasing of the temperature after one hour of the application of the anti-inflammatory agent. As the best results were obtained for the model of paw edema elicited by carrageenan this suggests that the compound acts better in the case of acute inflammation. / Neste trabalho são apresentados o estudo in silico da formação de complexos entre compostos organocalcogênios e as enzimas COX-1 e COX-2 realizado com o objetivo de estudar seu potencial para atuar como inibidores seletivos da COX-2, e portanto como anti-inflamatórios, bem como os resultados dos experimentos in vitro e in vivo desta atividade. Na presente pesquisa, foram modelados e estudados 15 compostos organocalcogênios e seus enantiômeros, com estrutura similar à do fármaco seletivo celecoxibe. Os compostos da família 2-(fenilseleno)-2-(etil-X)acetofenonas-4’Y-substituídas, com Y = H, Br, CH3, OCH3, NO2 e X = SO2, SO, S, foram modelados tendo como ponto de partida a estrutura cristalográfica do composto da mesma família com Y = Br e X= SO. As estruturas tridimensionais das enzimas COX-1 e COX-2 foram obtidas no PDB. Os resultados dos cálculos de docking molecular foram avaliados considerando-se o padrão de orientações/conformações, as interações intermoleculares, as interações π e os escores. OS resultados desses experimentos permitiram propor um mecanismo de ação, bem como um modo de ligação preferencial para explicar a atuação desses compostos como possíveis inibidores da COX-2, condição necessária para atuar como anti-inflamatório. Em particular, o composto com Y = OCH3 e X = SO2 (5-OCH3) é o que apresentou o melhor potencial para atuar como anti-inflamatório, sendo seletivo à COX-2. Isto porque o substituinte OCH3 ocupou o subsítio S1 dessa enzima, mantendo a interação com a His90 e o grupo SO2, apresentou interação com a Tyr355, aminoácido importante para o metabolismo do substrato da COX-2, o ácido araquidônico. As outras interações feitas pelo composto, como as interações π, são importantes para fixação do ligante ao sítio ativo, embora não estejam diretamente ligadas com a sua seletividade. Os experimentos in vitro e in vivo permitiram confirmar os resultados dos experimentos in silico, uma vez que o ensaio imunoenzimático mostrou que este composto apresenta maior inibição da COX-2 em relação à COX-1. Ainda, a atividade do composto 5-OCH3 foi avaliada em modelo de edema de pata induzido por carragenina e zymosan, como agentes irritantes, resultando em uma diminuição significativa da espessura das patas após duas horas e diminuição da temperatura após uma hora da aplicação do agente anti-inflamatório. Uma vez que os melhores resultados foram obtidos para o modelo do edema de pata com a carragenina isto sugere o composto atua melhor no caso da inflamação aguda.

Submitted by Etelvina Domingos (etelvina.domingos@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-11T19:57:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL - ANA HERMÍNIA ANDRADE E SILVA.pdf: 1054336 bytes, checksum: dfad5f2edf1897887b395ecc13dd7196 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-11T19:57:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL - ANA HERMÍNIA ANDRADE E SILVA.pdf: 1054336 bytes, checksum: dfad5f2edf1897887b395ecc13dd7196 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02 / CAPES / O modelo de regressão linear é uma técnica largamente utilizada em várias áreas do conhecimento, porém, nem sempre podemos aplicá-la devido a violações de seus pressupostos. Uma alternativa é transformar as variáveis do modelo para minimizar desvios de suposições relevantes. O objetivo dessa dissertação é desenvolver testes escore para testar o parâmetro da transformação de Manly nas variáveis dependente e resposta no modelo de regressão linear. Uma vantagem da transformação de Manly sobre a de Box-Cox é que ela não requer que as variáveis sejam positivas. Os desempenhos dos testes escore, denominados Ts e T0 s , e de suas versões bootstrap, foram avaliados utilizando simulações de Monte Carlo. Além disso, foram utilizadas duas bases de dados reais para aplicar a teoria desenvolvida.

Submitted by (ana.araujo@ufrpe.br) on 2016-07-05T14:28:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Erika Fialho Morais Xavier.pdf: 1751380 bytes, checksum: e29a62ff6bec1c7d6748c7552494f545 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-05T14:28:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Erika Fialho Morais Xavier.pdf: 1751380 bytes, checksum: e29a62ff6bec1c7d6748c7552494f545 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Through the analysis of Poisson processes has been possible to perform satisfactorily some studies with data point processes counting. However, these processes are limited to the study of situations with homogeneous patterns, hardly found in actual data. This research has proposed the study of Log Gaussian Cox Processes, process that makes possible the study of patterns points heterogeneous data, with a based from Poisson process with on the realization of a Gaussian random field. We did two applications for the process, the first with simulated data of outbreaks of fire in Castilla-La Mancha, Kingdom of Spain, in order to explore the properties of the graph and computational of LGCP, and study the heterogeneity proposed by the process. The second focuses on real data of fire points and average rainfal in the Amazon Biome, Brazil, detected by satellite NOAA 15, between the years 2007 and 2011. The Inference for these processes are carried out under the Bayesian approach, using the Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC). The proposed objectives of this work were completed satisfactorily, enabling future predictions about the data in the study. / Através da análise de Processos de Poisson tem sido possível realizar de forma satisfatória diversos estudos a partir de processos pontuais, com dados provenientes de contagem. Entretanto, estes processos limitam-se ao estudo de situações com padrões homogêneos, difícilmente encontrados em dados reais. Este trabalho propôs o estudo dos Processos Log Gaussianos de Cox (LGCP), processo que torna possível o estudo de dados com padrões pontuais heterogeneos a partir de uma generalização do processo de Poisson, baseado na realizaçãoo de um campo aleatório Gaussiano. Foram realizadas duas aplicações para o processo, a primeira em dados simulados de focos de incêndio em Castilla-La Mancha, Reino da Espanha, com a finalidade de explorar as propriedades gráfico-computacionais do LGCP, bem como a heterogeneidade proposta pelo processo. A segunda em dados reais de focos de calor e precipitação média de chuva no Bioma Amazônia, Brasil, detectados pelo satélite NOAA 15, entre os anos de 2007 e 2011. A inferência para esses processos é realizada sob a abordagem Bayesiana, utilizando o método de Monte Carlo em Cadeias de Markov (MCMC). Os objetivos propostos neste trabalho foram cumpridos de forma satisfatória, possibilitando previsões futuras a respeito dos dados em estudo.