Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:25:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Michel_Aldrighi_Goncalves.pdf: 1516499 bytes, checksum: 9da5ae7039fd806dd67f130ae9fec997 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-02 / The present work aimed to evaluate and characterize the behavior of different peach genotypes submitted to variations of period and type of pruning, in the region of Pelotas, RS. The work was carried out in Pelotas, RS, in an experimental area belonging to Embrapa Clima Temperado (CPACT) during 2009 and 2010 seasons. Two experiments were done: the first one was comprised of a combination among three periods of pruning (Winter pruning WP; winter pruning plus summer pruning WSP; and summer pruning SP) and three genotypes (Cascata 805, Cascata 834 (BRS Kampai) and Cascata 952 (BRS Rubimel), resulting in nine distinct combinations. The second experiment consisted in three types of pruning (short pruning SP; long pruning LP; and no shoot topping NST) and two genotypes (Riograndense and Leonense), resulting in six treatments. In general, the chemical characteristics of the fruits are not affected by the different pruning period, as well as, the fruitset. BRS Rubimel did not show uniformity of yield in the following years when using the summer pruning; however, BRS Kampai had a good yield equilibrium at all pruning date tested. Trees pruned only in the winter period showed higher vigor whether compared to other studies. The different types of pruning directly affected the number of flowers and fruits, diameter and mean mass, and yield. The short pruning stimulates the growth of undesirable shoots, making unviable the summer pruning practice. In general, the variations of pruning type and period could be commercially used depending on the genotype studied. / Com o presente trabalho objetivou-se avaliar e caracterizar o comportamento de diferentes genótipos, submetidos a variações de época e tipo de poda na região de Pelotas, RS. O mesmo foi conduzido no município de Pelotas, RS, em uma área experimental pertencente a Embrapa Clima Temperado (CPACT), durante os anos de 2009 e 2010 e, composto de dois experimentos: o primeiro teve como tratamentos a combinação de três épocas de poda (Poda de inverno (PI), poda de inverno mais poda de verão (PIV) e poda de verão (PV)) e três genótipos (Cascata 805, Cascata 834 (BRS Kampai) e Cascata 952 (BRS Rubimel), resultando em nove combinações distintas; o segundo experimento os tratamentos foram compostos por três tipos de poda (Poda curta (PC), poda longa (PL) e poda sem desponte (PSD) e dois genótipos (Riograndense e Leonense), resultando em seis tratamentos. Em geral as características químicas dos frutos não são alteradas com as variações de época de poda estudadas, assim como a frutificação efetiva. BRS Rubimel não apresentou uniformidade produtiva com a sucessão de cultivos com poda apenas no período de verão, já a BRS Kampai teve um bom equilíbrio produtivo em todas as datas de podas testadas. Plantas podadas apenas no período de inverno apresentam maior vigor quando comparadas com as demais estudados. Já os diferentes tipos de poda influenciaram diretamente no número de flores e frutos, diâmetro e massa média, assim como na produtividade. A poda curta estimula o crescimento de ramificações indesejáveis tornando mais trabalhosa a prática da poda verde. De maneira geral as variações de tipo e época de poda podem ser utilizadas comercialmente dependendo do genótipo trabalhado.

Expressions culturelles en vogue parmi les jeunes adultes (25-35 ans) issus des milieux privilégiés, la haute gastronomie à base péruvienne et les fêtes de musique électronique se sont fait rapidement une place centrale dans l’offre de loisirs culturels de la ville de Lima. L’analyse de la construction sociale du prestige autour de ces activités mondialisées révèle que, bien que la valeur accordée à ces pratiques puisse être éphémère dans la mesure où il s’agit de champs culturels traversés par des effets de mode, elle est pourtant fondée sur des mécanismes de distinction sociale faisant appel à des significations profondément enracinées dans la société péruvienne. Une immersion dans ces milieux « exclusifs « et « branchés « montre que ces mécanismes, très subtiles et fortement articulés à des logiques marchandes, véhiculent des valeurs et des attitudes contribuant à la construction (ou reconstruction) de la « culture bourgeoise liménienne » / Popular cultural expressions among young adults (25-35 years old) from privileged social groups, Peruvian-based high gastronomy and electronic music parties have quickly obtained a central place in the offer of cultural leisure activities of the city of Lima. The analysis of the social construction of reputation around these globalized activities reveals that, although the value granted to these practices may be short-lived as far as it is about cultural fields crossed by fashion effects, it is nevertheless founded on mechanisms of social distinction appealing to meanings firmly implanted in the Peruvian society. An immersion in these « exclusive » and « trendy » circles demonstrates that these mechanisms, very subtle and strongly articulated with trade logics, convey values and attitudes contributing to the construction (or reconstruction) of « Lima’s bourgeois culture ».

Cette recherche interroge les pratiques d'écoute musicale des adolescents en régime numérique. Depuis la « démocratisation » des voies d'accès illégales (Napster, KazAa, eMule, et aujourd'hui le convertisseur YouTube) et l'avènement du numérique (abonnements téléphoniques et ADSL, taux d'équipements), les modes de production et de consommation de la musique se trouvent bouleversées. Nous appuyant sur une ethnographie (combinant entretiens compréhensifs et observation participante) menée auprès d'adolescents, notre objectif est de comprendre comment la musique peut faire sens dans leur quotidien. Nous avons cherché à comprendre de quelles manières la musique, à l'ère du numérique, participe des phénomènes de construction identitaire – à la fois individuelle, mais aussi sociale et générationnelle –, ainsi que de la structuration des univers culturels des adolescents. Questionnant les usages et les ergonomies des équipements, cette étude brosse un portrait des différentes situations d'écoute en fonction des éléments pragmatiques et contextuels. La méthodologie qualitative que nous avons choisie a permis de faire émerger les médiations au sein de la cellule familiale entre frères et sœurs et entre parents et enfants, révélant la fonction phatique de la musique, dont le numérique se fait le support. / This research examines the music listening practices of teenagers in a digital era. Production and receptions modes as well as the music itself have deeply changed since the “democratisation” of the illegal ways to access music (Napster, KazAa, eMule, and even now the YouTube converter) and the advent of the digital technologies (phone subscriptions and ADSL, household penetration rates of computers). Based on an ethnography of adolescents (combining comprehensive interviews with participant observation), we aim to understand how music makes sense in their everyday lives. We have thus tried to understand in what ways music, in the digital era, contributes to the phenomena of identity construction - individual, but also social and generational - as well as to the configuration of teenagers’ cultural worlds. Questioning the ergonomics and uses of devices, this study depicts different listening situations in accordance with pragmatic and contextual elements. The qualitative methodology that we have chosen enabled us to highlight the mediations in the family unit between brothers and sisters and between parents and children, which revealed the phatic expression of the music supported by digital technology.

Dans le contexte actuel de globalisation et de développement des nouvelles technologies, notamment internet, les modes d’appropriation des œuvres culturelles sont devenus de plus en plus faciles mais aussi variés et complexes. Cette thèse traite des modes d’appropriation des films français en Chine, et étudie trois terrains de recherche : les sous-forums des films Le Fabuleux destin d’Amélie Poulain et de La grande vadrouille sur Tieba et le sous-forum des Cahiers du cinéma sur Douban. Nous avons étudié deux types principaux des passionnés culturels : fan et amateur. Le premier est souvent lié aux films grand public. Les fans manifestent une série de caractéristiques dans l’appropriation des films : l’engouement pour leur objet culte, le désir de partager et de communiquer, créativité, collectivité, etc. Le film peut intervenir directement dans leur vie quotidienne à travers l’imitation et la copie des éléments ou des personages. Lorsqu’on parle des films d’auteur, nous avons trouvé que le terme « amateur » est plus approprié pour déterminer leurs publics. Ils déclarent souvent leur admiration d’une manière plus ‘discrète’. Ils s’intéressent souvent plus aux idées des réalisateurs ou aux techniques de la production du film qu’aux acteurs ou personnages du films et possèdent généralement de bonnes connaissances dans le domaine culturel. Voir les films d’auteur est aussi un moyen pour eux d’accumuler les capitaux culturels. Les deux postures ne sont pas conflictuelles. Certains amateurs construisent aussi des communauté et cherchent à partager et communiquer avec les gens qui ont les mêmes passions qu’eux. Cette complexité est encore plus évidente dans le cadre international. D’un certain point de vue, le visionnement des films français est devenu un acte distinctif pour certains publics chinois. Et l’appropriation des films français peut satisfaire un désir d’être plus ‘cultivés’. Ce travail vise à ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives dans les recherches sur l’appropriation des oeuvres culturelles. / In the current context of globalization and the development of new technologies, especially the internet, the modes of appropriation of cultural works have become easier but also more varied and complex. This thesis discusses the modes of appropriation of french films in China by studying on three areas of research: the subforums of Le fabuleux destin d'Amelie Poulain and La grande vadrouille on Tieba, and the subforum of Cahiers du cinema on Douban. We studied two main types of cultural enthusiasts: fan and amateur. The first is often linked to the popular films. The fans show a series of characteristics in the appropriation of movies: the passion for their cult object, the desire to share and communicate creativity, community, etc. The film can be directly involved in their daily lives through the imitation of elements or personages in the film. When we talk about “auteur cinema”, we found that the term "amateur" is more appropriate to determine their audiences. They often express their admiration in a more discrete way. For example, they are often more interested in the ideas of directors or the technical of production of the films than in the actors or characters. They usually have good knowledge in the cultural field: literature, film or art. Seeing the “auteur movies” is also a way for them to accumulate cultural capital. However, the two positions are not in conflict. Some ‘amateurs” also show a community which is manifested in their collective communications. This complexity is even more evident in the international background. In some ways, viewing the french movies has become a distinctive act for certain chinese audiences. So the appropriation of french films satisfy a desire to be more 'cultivated'. This work aims to open up some new perspectives in the research on the appropriation of cultural works.

[pt] O jongo (ou caxambu, ou tambu, ou catambá) é uma prática cultural de populações afro-descendentes de origem banto presente em alguns estados da região sudeste do Brasil (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo). A inserção de crianças na prática é, segundo os jongueiros, recente, tendo aquelas sido proibidas de participar das rodas até pouco tempo. Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender a transmissão de valores, concepções e práticas presente no jongo em dois grupos do Estado do Rio de Janeiro: o Grupo Cultural Jongo da Serrinha, em Madureira, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e a Comunidade Negra de São José da Serra, em Valença, interior do Estado. Esta pesquisa - construída na interface entre a antropologia e a educação - buscou compreender como se dão os processos de socialização/transmissão cultural, tendo como locus a prática do jongo, buscando ainda tecer as relações entre a presença da infância e as re-significações (mudanças) da prática nestes dois grupos. / [en] The jongo (or caxambu, or tambu, or catambá) is an afro- decendents population s cutural practice - bantu s people - present in some brazilian Southeast region states (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo). Children s entrance in this practice, according to people who play the jongo, is recent, as these children use to be forbiden to participate of the ritual until a few years ago. This work has as objective to comprehend the value s transmition, conception and practice present in jongo in two groups from Rio de janeiro s State: the Grupo Cultural Jongo da Serrinha, in Madureira, in the city of Rio de Janeiro and the Comunidade Negra de São José da Serra, in Valença, state s inland. This research - built in the interface between the anthropology and education - looked for comprehending how socialization/cutural transmition s process happens, having as locus jongo s practice, also looking for interweaving the relations between childhood s presence and practice s changes in these two groups.

"In Zimbabwe the sexual abuse and exploitation of the girl child remains high. Recently the state has acknowledged the problem of sexual abuse and exploitation of the girl child and has indicated the willingness to step up campaigns against it. This campaign, however, targets school children in primary and secondary schools. There has also been an increase of sexual abuse of children in schools by the teachers and other staff members. The family as an institution has facilitated child abuse and exploitation in Zimbabwe through cultural practices and customs as a survival tactic. Some commentators have directly linked the revival of these cultural practices to the economic crisis that has resulted in food shortages around the country. These traditional practices include the marriages of the child to older men in exchange for food or money known as kuzvarira, kuripa ngozi, or pledging a girl into marriage and virginity testing. Some of the practices are, however, not directly linked to the prevailing economic crisis, but are just practiced as a tradition like chiramu. These practices have become more common amongst the Shona, the largest tribe constituting at least 76% of the population, and predominantly patriarchal. Theorists of patriarchy have directed their attention to the subordinate status of women and found their explanation in the male need to dominate the female. Although Zimbabwe as a state has shown a commitment to protecting children against sexual abuse by enactment of laws criminalising involvement of the girl child in prostitution, incest and rape of girls, little has been done to ensure that forced and early marriages of the girl child are curtailed. Virginity testing is not criminalised and is also currently being practised in rural parts of the country on a wide scale. ... Chapter one introduces the problem of child sexual abuse and exploitation of the girl child as a universal problem and gives a structure of the study. Chapter two discusses the concept of a child, sexual abuse and exploitation as a human rights problem. It analyses the protection of children under international human rights law. Chapter three gives a broad overview of the relationship between culture and children's rights. The role of the family will also be discussed as articulated in the human rights instruments. Chapter four highlights and discusses the cultural practices that result in sexual abuse and exploitation of the girl child in Zimbabwe. The legal framework protecting children from sexual abuse and exploitation and the shortcomings will be highlighted. The impact of such sexual abuse and exploitation on the overall development of the child will also be discussed. Chapter five makes recommendations by looking at the developments from other countries on the rights of the girl child and cultural practises that result in sexual abuse." -- Introduction. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2006. / Prepared under the supervision of Dr. B. Twinomugisha, Faculty of Law, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

Magister Artium (Psychology) - MA(Psych) / Women and their bodies are at the very centre of a prevailing cultural obsession regarding strict standards of body weight, shape and image. The pressure to achieve unattainable body-beautiful standards has given rise to women having a negative relationship with their bodies. This preoccupation with body image has resulted in an increasing sense of body dissatisfaction, chronic dieting and anxieties associated with self-worth and appearance. The primary aim of this thesis is to explore the relationship a group of female participants have with their bodies. The major thrusts of this study are: to explore on a deeper level how they make personal meaning of the concepts of body and body image within their own lives. To explore the way in which women understand their broader social context, as playing a role, in relation to their perceptions and attitudes of their bodies. In this respect, a closer examination of their awareness of the more complex gender issues, will be undertaken, by means of the emerging discourses within the research process. Whilst this study generally locates itself within a social constructionist understanding of body image, it actively draws from feminist theories. The literature review outlines empirical, feminist and social constructionist approaches to body image and explores the social constructionist approach more broadly. It utilises discourse analysis and therefore positions itself within a qualitative paradigm. Three one-and-a-half-hour focus groups were conducted with eight women who are psychology honours students. A discourse analysis was carried out on the transcriptions of the three focus groups. The findings revealed that the participants were aware of the way in which the wider cultural context impacted on their perceptions and attitudes regarding their bodies. They understood the way in which body image is socially constructed and specific to the current cultural context. They identified the current body ideal (norm), to be waif like and very slender. Despite this understanding of the body ideal as socially constructed, they continued on a personal level to evaluate themselves against the body ideal, giving rise to personal feelings of inadequacy and dissatisfaction.

No description available.

Incidence and severity of southern blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is increasing in the mid-Atlantic region of the U.S. affecting both conventional and organic vegetable production systems. Traditional southern blight management relied on fumigants and fungicides with often inconsistent and uneconomical results. Moreover, with the phase-out of methyl bromide, and the high cost and toxicity of other available fumigants, it is necessary to identify effective and economical southern blight management alternatives. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to 1) evaluate the effect of planting date and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar selection on southern blight incidence and tuber yield and quality; 2) compare potato cultivar tuber susceptibility to S. rolfsii in post-harvest settings; and 3) assess the suitability of six cool-season cover crop biomasses and three locally organic materials as carbon sources for anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) treatments and their impact on S. rolfsii viability and soil. In a three-year field study, ten commercial potato cultivars and four planting dates per year were evaluated on the Eastern Shore of Virginia. Later potato plantings generally produced greater disease incidence (85-94%) and lower tuber yield (1.8-9.4 Mg ha-1) and quality (47-78%), likely driven by humid, warm weather later in the season that was conducive to disease and detrimental to the potato crop. While no potato cultivar was completely immune to S. rolfsii incidence, cultivar 'Accumulator' consistently had one of the lowest disease incidences (12-71%) and greatest tuber yield among cultivars (6.2-37.3 Mg ha-1), and 'Adirondack Blue' and 'Red Norland' had the overall greatest disease incidence (33-100%). Following harvest of the field experiment, the susceptibility of tubers from the ten cultivars to post-harvest rot caused by S. rolfsii was compared in a laboratory experiment under controlled conditions. 'Atlantic' followed by 'Accumulator' were the least susceptible (3.7-12.6 g of diseased tissue) whereas 'Adirondack Blue', followed by red-skinned potato cultivars had the greatest severity of post-harvest tuber rot (12-17.5 g of diseased tissue). Following three weeks of ASD treatments in growth chamber pot experiments utilizing nine carbon sources incubated at 15/25°C 12/12-h cycle, most carbon sources induced soil anaerobicity (33-90 % iron oxide paint removal), but they did not reduce sclerotial viability compared to nonamended aerobic controls. However, most amended soils undergoing ASD induced greater soil microbial activity (0.7-2.0 % CO2 in vol.) compared to nonamended controls (0.1-0.7 CO2 in vol.), increased soil pH, and some amendments increased soil nitrate accumulation. Overall, results of these studies indicate that southern blight can be effectively managed in potato by coupling early planting dates with cultivar selection, but though promising, additional studies are needed to determine the parameters to effectively decrease S. rolfsii viability with ASD treatments. / Doctor of Philosophy / The fungal disease southern blight, caused by the soilborne plant pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., is increasing in the mid-Atlantic U.S. The increase of southern blight is likely due to a multitude of issues such as climate fluctuations, reduction in the use of fumigants, increased soil organic matter through conservation practices, and cropping systems that favor soilborne pathogens. Traditional management of S. rolfsii relied on pesticides and fumigants, but control was often inconsistent and expensive. Moreover, the use of some soil fumigants has been restricted due to environmental concerns, which has limited the options for the management of plant pathogens present in the soil, and management alternatives are needed. Through a series of field, laboratory, and greenhouse experiments, this study 1) evaluated the effect of planting date and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar selection on southern blight incidence and tuber yield and quality; 2) compared potato cultivar tuber susceptibility to S. rolfsii in post-harvest settings; and 3) assessed the suitability of six cool-season cover crop biomasses and three locally-sourced organic materials as carbon sources in anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) treatments and their impact on S. rolfsii viability and soil. Results of a three-year field study demonstrated that an integrated approach to the management of southern blight that utilizes moderately resistant potato cultivars such as 'Accumulator' and early (March to early April) planting dates will minimize risk of disease and maximize tuber yield. Following harvest, inoculation of potato tubers under controlled conditions revealed that the cultivar 'Atlantic' followed by 'Accumulator' can avoid greater losses due to less tuber rot, while 'Adirondack Blue' followed by red-skinned potatoes have a greater risk of suffering post-harvest tuber decay from southern blight. The anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) treatments examined in this study indicated that cover crops biomass and poultry litter are suitable carbon sources to induce soil anaerobic conditions, but they may not reduce the survival of S. rolfsii propagules if treatment temperatures are below 25°C. However, ASD showed benefits such as increased activity of soil microbial communities compared to nonamended soil, increased soil acidity, and some amendments such as mushroom compost, poultry litter, and Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum subsp. arvense) can contribute soil nutrients such as nitrate. Overall, this research demonstrates that choosing less susceptible cultivars coupled with early planting dates can minimize the negative impact of southern blight on potato yields and quality, and consequently minimize the use of pesticides as the main option to control southern blight on potato across the mid-Atlantic region. Though promising, additional studies are needed to determine the parameters that optimize ASD as an alternative to manage S. rolfsii with ASD treatments.

Ce projet de maîtrise porte sur l’interaction entre les acteurs locaux liés à la musique populaire et l’administration publique dans le cadre du projet public-privé de réaménagement du port de Rio de Janeiro intitulé Porto Maravilha. Le travail de recherche s’est axé sur l’idée que cette interaction serait essentiellement fondée sur la façon dont la “culture” est comprise et utilisée comme ressource capable d’ajouter de la valeur à l’espace urbain, différencier les groupes entre eux et apporter une sustentation au processus d’autonomisation et de légitimation des acteurs. De nouveaux paradigmes urbanistiques, tel celui de “ville créative” (Landry, 2005), proposent d’intégrer la culture locale dans l’élaboration et l’exécution des projets avec la participation d’artistes qui sont perçus comme une source de créativité fondamentale pour rendre la ville plus compétitive dans un monde devenu de plus en plus urbain. Dans cette veine, le projet Porto Maravilha s’inspire franchement des cas de succès de rénovation urbaine créative, stimulant la culture locale et idéalisant le port de Rio comme une “nouvelle carte postale du Brésil”. En partant de la constatation que les acteurs sociaux locaux identifient le potentiel de leurs activités culturelles comme une ressource importante dans ce contexte, nous analysons tout autant les stratégies et les discours élaborés que les ressources dont ils disposent afin d’affirmer leur agentivité. Au-delà de l’action intentionnelle, nous effectuons également des analyses de leurs pratiques culturelles au quotidien en recherchant les éléments qui les constituent. Nous questionnons, par ailleurs, la manière avec laquelle les administrateurs du projet comprennent ces activités musicales et comment ils gèrent les demandes sociales et les contributions créatives de ces groupes. / This master’s thesis treats the interaction between local actors in popular musical culture and the public administration in the context of the public-private project of renewing the port of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Porto Maravilha. The study is centred on the idea that this interaction is based primarily on the ways that « culture » is understood and used as a resource that can add value to urban space, differentiate groups from each other and bring support for the processes of autonomization and legitimation of social actors. New urbanist paradigms, such as that of the « creative city » (Landry, 2005), propose that local culture be integrated into the development and realization of projects through the participation of artists who are perceived as a fundamental source of creativity for making the city more competitive in an increasingly urbanized world. In this vein, the Porto Maravilha project is inspired directly by cases of successful creative urban renewal, and aims to stimulate local culture, while idealizing the port of Rio as a “new postcard of Brazil”. Starting from the observation that local actors see the potential of their cultural activities for becoming an important resource in this context, we analyse the strategies and discourses they develop, as well as the resources to which they have access in order to affirm agency. Besides their intentional actions, we analyse their day-to-day cultural practices. Moreover, we question the way that the administrators of the project understand the local actors’ musical activities and how they manage the needs and creative contributions of these groups.