Ces dernières décennies ont été marquées par une succession de crises financières qui trouvent principalement leur origine ou ont été amplifiées par les systèmes bancaires. L'importance du secteur bancaire dans tout processus de développement économique a fait que les crises se sont considérablement ressenties dans la sphère réelle. Le rebondissement et l'extension des crises ont ravivé le débat sur la solidité et la pérennité des banques. Afin d'améliorer la stabilité du système bancaire international et de supprimer les distorsions de concurrence entre pays, le Comité de Bâle sur le Contrôle Bancaire a formulé en 1988 un ensemble de règles prudentielles. La réglementation du capital bancaire est au coeur du dispositif réglementaire. La Commission Bancaire de l' UEMOA s'en est inspirée dans l'élaboration d'un certain nombre de règlements définissant les principales normes minimales de solvabilité, de liquidité et de gestion. L'objet de cette thèse est une réflexion sur les modalités de la solidité et de la pérennité des systèmes bancaires dans les pays de la zone UEMOA. La thèse soulève ainsi plusieurs questions : comment prévenir le risque de défaillance des banques de l' UEMOA à travers un contrôle des variables de structure ? Quels sont les facteurs explicatifs de la rentabilité des banques de la zone UEMOA ? Le CAMEL peut-il être considéré comme un bon système d'alerte précoce des difficultés bancaire dans la zone ? Quel est le niveau d'efficacité des banques de l' UEMOA ? Chaque question fait l'objet d'un essai dans la thèse.Dans le premier essai, le z-score de ROY (1952) est utilisé comme indicateur du risque de défaillance bancaire, et la Méthode des Moments Généralisés comme méthode d'estimation. Dans le deuxième essai, les marges d'intermédiation sont considérées comme proxy de la rentabilité bancaire. Chaque pays ayant ses propres spécificités une estimation sur données de panel à effets spécifiques individuels est adoptée. Dans le troisième essai, un modèle dichotomique qui fait la distinction entre banques en bonne santé et banques probablement fragiles est utilisé et une forme fonctionnelle logistique. Dans le dernier essai, l'approche paramétrique des frontières stochastiques avec une spécification translogarithmique est utilisée pour estimer la fonction de coût total des banques et pour déterminer les scores d'efficacité des banques. / Recent decades have been marked by a succession of financial crisis which are mainly caused or deepen by the banking system. Banking has such an impact on economic growth process that crisis have had direct drawbacks on real life. The length and extent of crisis have raised the debate about the reliability and sustainability of banking. To improve the stability of the internationalbanking system and to put an end to unfair competition between countries, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision in 1988 made a set of prudential rules. The regulation of bank capital is at the center of the regulatory system. The WAMU Banking Commission has drawn inspiration in the development of a number of regulations defining the key minimum standards solvency, liquidity and management.This thesis is a reflection on the terms of the strength and sustainability of the banking systems in countries of the WAEMU zone. The thesis thus raises several questions : how to prevent the risk of failure-bankrupcy- of WAEMU banks through a control of structural factors ? What are the factors explaining the profitability of banks in the WAEMU zone ? Can the CAMELS be considered as a reliable warning system of banking problems in the area ?What is the degree of efficiency of WAEMU banks ? Each raised question consist an essay in the thesis.First, the z-score of ROY (1952) is used as an indicator of the risk of bank failure and the Generalized Method of Moments as estimation tool. Second, intermediation margins are taken as proxy of bank profitability. Known that each country has its own features, estimate panel data to specific individual effects is adopted. Third, a dichotomous model that distinguishes healthybanks from probably weak banks is used. To finish, the parametric approach of stochastic frontiers with translogarithmique arrangement is used to deduct the total cost function of banks and to determine the efficiency of bank scores.

本論文從金融產業的產業概況介紹開始，以次級資料蒐集的方式對目前國內的金融體系、機構作一分類介紹，並進行產業分析，以瞭解合併的趨勢與成因；並以個案研究方法，分析個案銀行的基本資料與相關財務比率，歸納整理並簡單模擬合併後之可能情節。本論文選定的配對組合為「臺灣銀行、土地銀行及中央信託局」，因為這三家行局的組合是最常被報章雜誌點名的配對組合，亦是財政部大力推動的組合之一，同時被金融業界認為是本國銀行同業間合併具有指標性質的組合。 本論文採用CAMEL評等系統，選取下列的財務指標做為本論文的研究變數，包括資本適足性（Capital adequacy）、資產品質（Asset quality）、管理績效（Management performance）、獲利能力（Earnings）與流動性（Liquidity），並加上「成長性」與「生產力」兩大項指標，可歸為七大類的財務比率，再加上非財務性質的指標—銀行個體特徵變數。本論文研究結論發現，在所有情況皆維持不變下，台灣銀行、土地銀行及中央信託局合併後，不論是在資本適足性、經營效率、獲利能力、流動力及生產力等各方面均近似於台灣銀行的水準；若三家銀行合併後進行人事精簡、改善逾放及資金成本下降，其經營效率、獲利能力以及生產力等方面皆高於在所有情況皆維持不變下的研究結果。 最後綜合歸納目前之金融產業發展趨勢、個案分析的資料，以及個人於立法部門服務之經驗，進一步探討台灣銀行、土地銀行及中央信託局三家個案銀行的互補性、合併的利基與未來競爭優勢，及合併時可能遭遇的阻礙。並對金融主管機關、三家個案銀行及後續研究者，給予合併相關議題的建議。

В работе рассматриваются подходы к созданию интеграционной платформы, для цепочки взаимодействия сервисов расположенных в разной доступности сети. Основное внимание сфокусировано на проектировании и разработке сервисной шины предприятия, реализующей событийную интеграцию с помощью брокера сообщений. Как результат представлено готовое решение модуля корпоративной платформы, которое адаптивно под схожие системы. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, трех глав и заключения, изложенных на 79 страницах, а также библиографического списка. В работе имеется 18 рисунок. Библиографический список состоит из 36 наименований. / The paper considers approaches to creating an integration platform for the chain of interaction of services located in different network accessibility. The main attention is focused on the design and development of an enterprise service bus that implements event-based integration using a message broker. As a result, a ready-made solution for the corporate platform module is presented, which is adaptive for similar systems. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion set out on 79 pages, as well as a bibliographic list. There are 18 drawings in the work. The bibliographic list consists of 36 titles.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:53:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RosaneAAS_DISSERT.pdf: 4589226 bytes, checksum: e7b6f28aeddfbb736bf4ddac79e5a70d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-09-30 / The phenomenon of the informality has been common in the quarrels that involve Sciences Social and Human. First for not corresponding to a temporary and isolated phenomenon, and on the other hand for dealing with a presente situation in the majority of the Brazilian urban centers. In Cuiab? municipality, the alternative commerce appears as a social answer to the problems caused for the economic crisis of the country and seems to be deep-rooted to the urban landscape. This assignment angles was the street peddlers, in special that ones who develop their in a specific location on lowered of Cuiab?. Researches pretending to fill a blank of information about this subject involve theoritical and empirical levels. The theory searched to raise in a generalized manner given pertinent the informality and the pratical level through field research searched to analyze excellent aspects on the economic and occupational situation of a composed sample for two hundred and theree workers who develope the pratical one of the informal commerce in Shopping Popular in Cuiaba/MT. The analysis of gotten data alllowed to appreciate some excellent aspects with regard to the activity os the peddler, as: origni, formation, income, perspectives with regard to activity among others. In las analysis it still alllowed to verify the factors that condition the permanence these workers in this type of informal activity / O fen?meno da informalidade tem sido comum nas discuss?es que envolvem as Ci?ncias Humanas e Sociais. Primeiro por n?o corresponder a um fen?meno passageiro e isolado, e por outro lado por se tratar de uma situa??o presente na maioria dos centros urbanos brasileiros. No munic?pio de Cuiab?, o com?rcio alternativo emergiu como resposta social aos problemas ocasionados pela crise econ?mica do pa?s, e parece estar cada dia mais arraigado ? paisagem urbana. O foco desse trabalho foram os camel?s , exclusivamente ?queles que desenvolvem suas atividades em um local espec?fico na Baixada Cuiabana. A pesquisa pretendendo preencher uma lacuna de informa??o sobre o tema compreendeu os n?veis te?rico e emp?rico. A n?vel de teoria buscou-se levantar dados pertinentes a informalidade de maneira geral, e a n?vel pr?tico atrav?s de pesquisa de campo buscou-se analisar aspectos relevantes sobre a situa??o econ?mica e ocupacional de uma amostra composta por duzentos e tr?s trabalhadores que desenvolvem a pr?tica do com?rcio informal no Shopping Popular em Cuiab?/MT . A an?lise dos dados obtidos permitiu apreciar alguns aspectos relevantes com rela??o ? atividade do camel?, como: proced?ncia, forma??o, rendimento, perspectivas com rela??o a atividade entre outros. Em ?ltima an?lise, permitiu ainda verificar que fatores condicionam ? perman?ncia desses trabalhadores, nesse tipo de atividade informal

In an era of technological growth, cloud computing is one of the hottest topics on the market. This, along with the overall increased use of digital systems, requires solid integration options to be developed. Redpill Linpro recognizes this and has developed a cloud-based Integration Platform as a Service (IPaaS) solution called Connectivity Engine. New techniques like this can however seem very abstract to a customer, something which a demo application could help substantiate. To aid in this issue we have developed a web-based Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system as well as an Integration Application to connect the ERP system with Salesforce.com in a bidirectional integration. With the use of Connectivity Engine this can be hosted in the cloud and be easily accessible. The project has been a success for Redpill Linpro as well as the authors. A solid way to demonstrate the abilities of Connectivity Engine has been developed along with descriptive documentation for any sales representative assigned to pitch the platform.

Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka hur två översättare har tolkat och översatt de kinesiska idiom som förekommer i verket Camel Xiangzi skriven av Lao She. Den ena översättningen utfördes av Shi Xiaojing år 1981 och den andra översättningen av Howard Goldblatt år 2010. Utifrån en kvalitativ komparativ metod med hjälp av Mona Bakers sex översättningsstrategier gällande översättning av idiom, har respektive översättares översättning av idiom identifierats och kategoriserats enligt Bakers strategier. Dessutom syftar uppsatsen till att undersöka om det förekommer några likheter och skillnader gällande översättarnas översättningar. Genom att använda två lexikon om översättning av kinesiska idiom kunde 30 idiom i Camel Xiangzi identifieras. Resultatet visade att endast tre av Mona Bakers översättningsstrategier kunde identifieras vid översättarnas översättningar av idiom. De strategierna var: “using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form”, “translation by paraphrase'' and “translation by omission of entire idiom”. Det visade sig även vid översättning av en del av idiomen krävdes det att Bakers strategier kombinerades eller identifierades med uppsatsförfattarens egna konstruerade strategier. Slutligen visade studien att Mona Bakers översättningsstrategier inte alltid lämpar sig vid översättning av kinesiska idiom, vilket delvis beror på kulturella skillnader mellan språken. / The thesis aims to investigate how two translators, Shi Xiaojing and Howard Goldblatt have interpreted and translated the Chinese idioms that appear in the work Camel Xiangzi written by Lao She. Based on a qualitative comparative method using Mona Baker's six translation strategies for translating idioms, each translator's translation of idioms has been identified and categorized according to Baker's strategies. In addition, the thesis aims to investigate whether there are any similarities and differences regarding the translators' translations. Using two dictionaries on the translation of Chinese idioms, 30 idioms in Camel Xiangzi could be identified. The results showed that only three of Mona Baker's translation strategies could be identified in the translators' translations of idioms. The strategies were: “using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form”, “translation by paraphrase” and “translation by omission of entire idiom”. Furthermore the result showed that when translating part of the idiom, Baker's strategies were required to be combined or identified with the essay author's own created strategies. Finally, the study showed that Mona Baker's translation strategies were not always suitable for translating Chinese idioms, which is partly due to cultural differences between the languages.

The dromedary camel has a very high economic importance in the Arabic countries. Nevertheless, there is a very little background literature on the use of ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) in dromedaries in comparison to other domestic and farm animal species. Therefore, the tarsal region of six cadaver limbs, obtained from three orthopedic disease free dromedary camels, was evaluated via radiography, US and CT. The limbs were frozen and sectioned transversely, sagittaly and dorsally. The anatomic structures were identified and correlated to the analogous structures on the corresponding CT slices and US images and published in two manuscripts. Radiography was performed in both standard (0º and 90º) oblique (45º and 135º) radiographic projections. The tarsus was investigated via US in four planes (dorsal, medial, lateral and plantar) and each plane was scrutinized in four levels (calcaneal tuber, tibial malleoli, base of calcaneus and proximal head of metatarsus) in both transverse and longitudinal views. Radiography provided a good representation of the bony structures and articulations with little information on the soft tissues of the tarsus and superimposition of the tarsal bones. Ultrasonography furnished adequate delineation of the peri-articular tissues of the tarsus and was limited to the bone surface. Computed tomography provided cross sectional imaging of the dromedary tarsus without bone and soft tissue overlap and allowed visualization and differentiation of tissues in almost every situation. This work was undertaken to document the normal appearance of the dromedary camel tarsus via radiography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography which may be used as a resource for interpretation of dromedary tarsal pathology using various diagnostic imaging modalities.

Le lait de chamelle constitue l'une des principales ressources alimentaires pour les peuples nomades. Malgré sa richesse en différents composants et sa production non négligeable au niveau mondial, ce produit demeure relativement peu transformé à cause du manque d’études menées sur les caractéristiques et les aptitudes technologiques de ce lait.Dans la première partie de cette thèse, l’évolution de la structure au cours de la coagulation enzymatique et acide des laits de chamelle et de vache crus et chauffés (50 et 70 °C) enrichis en minéraux (calcium et phosphate) a été étudiée. Les cinétiques de coagulation enzymatique et acide des échantillons du lait ont été suivies aux moyens du test de cisaillement dynamique et de la spectroscopie de fluorescence frontale. Les résultats obtenus ont permis, d’une part, de montrer des différences significatives entre les propriétés du coagulum obtenu à partir du lait de chamelle et celui du lait de vache, et d’autre part, d’évaluer l'impact de l’ajout des minéraux (calcium et phosphate) sur les propriétés du coagulum. L’analyse des spectres de fluorescence par analyse en composantes principales (ACP) a permis de caractériser sur le plan moléculaire la structure des gels, et également de discriminer les différentes conditions de coagulation. Les résultats rhéologiques ont montré que l’enrichissement de ces deux types de lait avec le calcium améliorait la fermeté du gel et diminuait le temps de gélification, alors que des effets inverses ont été observés suite à l’ajout du phosphate. L’analyse conjointe des données spectrales et rhéologiques au moyen de l’analyse en composantes communes et poids spécifiques (ACCPS) a montré une forte relation entre la structure au niveau moléculaire et la texture au niveau macroscopique. La deuxième partie de cette thèse a porté sur l’impact du traitement thermique (55 à 75 °C à différents intervalles de temps) sur les changements moléculaires du lait de chamelle. L’application de l’ACCPS aux spectres de la vitamine A, des produits fluorescents de la réaction du Maillard (PFRM) et du NADH a montré une bonne discrimination des échantillons en fonction du couple température-temps. Les résultats obtenus montrent que, de par sa rapidité, la spectroscopie de fluorescence frontale couplée aux méthodes chimiométriques présente un potentiel intéressant pour la caractérisation du lait de chamelle dans différentes conditions. En outre, le spectre de fluorescence d’un lait pourrait être considéré comme une empreinte digitale de celui-ci permettant de l’identifier. / Camel milk is one of the main food resources for nomadic people. Despite its richness in different components and its production in the world, this product remains poorly processed because of the lack of studies conducted on the characteristics and the technological abilities of this milk. In the first part of this thesis, the evolution of the structure during the enzymatic and acid coagulation of raw and heated (50 and 70 °C) camel and cow’s milk following the addition of minerals (calcium and phosphate) was studied. The kinetics of acid and enzymatic-induced coagulation of milk were followed using shear dynamic testing rheology at the macroscopic level and front-face fluorescence spectroscopy at the molecular scale. The obtained results showed significant differences between the properties of the coagulum that depends on the milk species and the level of added minerals (calcium and phosphate). The analysis of spectral data by principal component analysis allowed to characterize the coagulum structure at the molecular level as well as the discrimination of different coagulation conditions. The rheological results showed that the enrichment of both types of milk with calcium improved the gels firmness and reduced the gelation time, while opposite trend was observed following the addition of phosphate. The joint analysis of fluorescence spectral data and rheological measurements by applying common components and specific weights analysis showed a strong relationship between the structure at the molecular scale and the texture at the macroscopic level. The second part of this thesis focused on the impact of heat treatment (55 to 75 °C at different times) on the molecular changes in camel milk. The application of common components and specific weights analysis to the vitamin A, fluorescent Maillard reaction products and NADH fluorescence spectra enabled the discrimination of milk samples according to the temperature and time. The obtained results showed that front-face fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with chemometric tools enabled the characterization of camel milk in different conditions. Additionally, the fluorescence spectrum recorded on milk could be considered as a fingerprint allowing its identification.

The one-humped or the dromedarian camel is a pseudo-ruminant mammal, well adapted to the hot and dry climates of the desert. Its ability to withstand torrid heat and extreme desiccation is of paramount importance to its survival. The studies presented in this thesis were designed to investigate and document the effect of dehydration in the presence or absence of angiotensin II (Ang II) AT1 receptor blocker (losartan) on blood constituents, electrolytes, hormones, neurotransmitters as well as liver and kidney enzymes in a subset of dehydrated camels and to compare them with hydrated camels. Additionally, we studied the response of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and revealed for the first time the cardiac storage form of BNP in the camel heart. Dehydration induced significant increments in packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cells (WBC), gamma glutamyl-transferase (GGT), serum sodium, creatinine and urea levels, and a doubling in plasma cortisol and arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels. At the same time dehydration caused significant decrease in body weights, plasma insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and its binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and a 50% decrement in ANP and BNP levels. Moreover, dehydration with and without losartan resulted in significant changes in stress hormones and anti-oxidants in plasma, liver and kidney homogenates. Losartan on one hand enhanced the effect of dehydration resulting in significant increases in sodium, creatinine and urea levels. In addition losartan raised the  binding affinity of Ang II AT2 receptors in the small intestine with 8-fold and with 16-fold for liver AT1 receptors, indicating that Ang II AT1 and AT2 receptor binding sites were present in camel's small intestine while only AT1 receptor binding sites were found in the camel liver. One the other hand losartan resulted in significant decrease in body weights impaired the rise in anti-diuretic hormone and reduced aldosterone level. Finally, we showed that the proBNP is the storage form of BNP in the camel heart.

This master thesis deals with proposal of design and demonstration of possible integration between Nation Subsidies Information System 2016 (ISND) and future solutions Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) Agribus and process platform Business Process Management (BPM) Agribus. There is performed an analysis of requirements for ESB AgriBus and BPM AgriBus. For the implementation of ESB AgriBus is used Apache ServiceMix. Furthermore, this thesis deals with a proposal of improvements of the current solution of ISND, which are required to perform new role in the ESB AgriBus. The possibility of the integration between ISND and ESB AgriBus is demonstrated on a model business process of application for grants.