The purpose of the project was to develop a webpage for each teacher at Deer Canyon Elementary School which is in Alta Loma, California. The webpages were designed to give teachers the tools to add information to their own webpages to enhance their communication with students and students' parents.

Nuestro País, posee grandes riquezas en su territorio, Áreas naturales, restos arqueológicos, entre otros que lo dotan de un gran potencial turístico. Sin embargo, muchos de estos son desconocidos y considerados como lugares de paso. Esta es la situación en la que se encuentra La Reserva Natural Salinas y Aguada Blanca, ubicada entre la ciudad de Arequipa y el Cañón del Colca. Un bello lugar con atractivos paisajísticos, restos de pintura rupestres, y hogar de vegetación y fauna en peligro de extinción. La reserva es transitada por miles de turistas, por lo cual, la propuesta consiste en consolidar el Poblado Pampa Cañahuas, punto medio en la ruta y lugar en el cual hoy en día hay una parada de descanso en la que los turistas pueden consumir algún mate o comida y comprar artesanías elaboradas por los pobladores. El planteamiento del poblado es entorno a la plaza principal y unas plazuelas denominadas “Eco-Patios” con los cuales se busca dotar al poblado de un desarrollo autosostenible y bioclimático. Así mismo el elemento principal del poblado es el Museo, lugar que servirá para dar a conocer la Reserva. La propuesta además de la exposición interna incluye espacios que se relacionan directamente con el paisaje, permitiendo que a través de visuales el visitante se pueda relacionar con su entorno. El Museo y poblado, tienen la finalidad de dar a conocer a la Reserva, no solo sus atractivos turísticos sino también a los pobladores, un Tambo moderno. / Our country has great wealth in its territory, natural areas, archaeological remains, among others that endow it with great tourist potential. However, many of these are unknown and considered as places of passage. This is the actual situation of the Salinas and Aguada Blanca Nature Reserve, located between the city of Arequipa and the Colca Canyon. It’s a beautiful place with attractive landscapes, remains of cave paintings, and home of vegetation and fauna in danger of extinction. The reserve is traveled by thousands of tourists, so the approach is to consolidate the Pampa Cañahuas Village, a midpoint on the route and place where today there is a rest stop where tourists can consume some typical beverage or food and buy handicrafts made by the villagers. The new design of the town is developed around the main square and some minor squares called "Eco-Patios" with which it seeks to provide the town with a self-sustainable and bioclimatic development. Likewise, the main element of the town is the Museum, a place that will serve to publicize the Reserve. In addition to the internal exhibition, the proposal includes spaces that relate directly to the landscape, allowing visitors to interact with their surroundings through views. The Museum and town, have the purpose of making known the Reserve, not only its tourist attractions but also the inhabitants, a modern “Tambo” / Tesis

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Spring water inflow is distinct at Pah Tempe Hot Springs (also known as Dixie Hot Springs) situated within the damage zone of the Hurricane Fault in Timpoweap Canyon in Hurricane, Utah. Excising of the footwall by the Virgin River has created Timpoweap Canyon and allowed an unusual opportunity to study the spring inflow in relation to the fault damage zone. While correlation of these springs with the damage zone and visible fracture patterns on the canyon wall has been made, no subsurface faulting has been imaged to verify connection to these visible fractures and spring inflows (Nelson et al., 2009). The stream was logged and contoured to note the varying locations of spring water inflows in contrast with unsaturated Virgin River water. Seismic surveys were conducted and subsurface profiles made to locate offsets and faults. Photogrammetry was conducted and a three-dimensional model of the canyon and cliff wall was created to facilitate remote fracture mapping of this wallSubsurface features correlate to fractures, spring water inflow locations, and surface faults mapped by Biek (2002). This suggests that faulting and fracturing from the Hurricane Fault provides subsurface conduits for these thermal waters to rise. In one area in the stream, thermal inflow correlates with both subsurface offsets and major surface fractures. Numerous correlations between just spring water entry and subsurface offsets or surface fractures are also found. Fracture and fault density is atypical at Pah Tempe as these features do not diminish with distance from the main strand of the fault. This has led to the Sevier Orogeny accounting for creating the observed fracture conduits at Pah Tempe. Fractures in the canyon wall at Pah Tempe open west to east. This is indicative of the maximum horizontal compressive stress of southern Utah being north to south (Zoback and Zoback, 2015). Therefore the spring inflow at Pah Tempe is likely a result of the damage from the Hurricane Fault creating conduits for spring water to rise, rather than the Sevier Orogeny.

A detailed structural study of Rock Canyon (near Provo, Utah) provides insight into Wasatch Range tectonics and fold-thrust belt kinematics. Excellent exposures along the E-W trending canyon allow the use of digital photography in conjunction with traditional field methods for a thorough analysis of Rock Canyon's structural features. Detailed photomontages and geometric and kinematic analyses of some structural features help to pinpoint deformation mechanisms active during the canyon's tectonic history. Large-scale images and these structural data are synthesized in a balanced cross section, which is used to reconstruct the structural evolution of this portion of the range. Projection of surficial features into the subsurface produces geometrical relationships that correlate well with a fault-bend fold model involving one or more subsurface imbrications. Kinematic data (e.g. slickenlines, fractures, fold axes) indicate that the maximum stress direction during formation of the fault-bend fold trended at approximately 120°. Following initial thrusting, uplift and development of a thrust splay produced by duplexing may have caused a shift in local stresses in the forelimb of the Rock Canyon anticline leading to late-stage normal faulting during Sevier compression. These normal faults may have activated deformed zones previously caused by Sevier folding, and reactivated early-stage decollements found in the folded weak shale units and shaly limestones. Movement on most of these normal faults roughly parallels stress directions found during initial thrusting indicating that these extensional features may be coeval with thrusting. Other zones of extension and brittle failure produced by lower ramp geometry appear to have been activated during Tertiary Basin and Range extension along the Wasatch Fault Zone. Slickenline data on these later normal faults suggest a transport direction of nearly E-W distinguishing it from earlier events.

Ground subsidence due to underground coal mining is a complex, narrowly-understood phenomenon. Due to the complicated physical processes involved and the lack of a complete knowledge of the characteristics of overlying strata, the reliability of current prediction techniques varies widely. Furthermore, the accuracy of any given prediction technique is largely dependent upon the accuracy of field measurements and surveys which provide input data for the technique. A valuable resource available for predicting and modeling subsidence is aerial survey technology. This technology produces yearly datasets with a high density of survey points. The following study introduces a method wherein these survey points are converted into elevation plots and subsidence plots using GIS. This study also presents a method, titled the Type-Xi Integration method (TXI method), which improves upon a previous subsidence prediction technique. This method differs from the previous technique in that it incorporates accurate surface topography and considers irregular mine geometry, as well as seam thickness and overburden variations in its predictions. The TXI method also involves comparing predicted subsidence directly to measured subsidence from subsidence plots. In summary, this study illustrates a method of combining data from aerial survey points and mine geometry with subsidence models in order to improve the accuracy of the models.

The Early Pennsylvanian (Bashkirian/Morrowan) Bridal Veil Limestone of north-central Utah was deposited in the eastern portion of the rapidly subsiding Oquirrh basin. The 420 meter-thick Bridal Veil Limestone displays distinct cyclicity formed by stacked, meter to decameter scale high-frequency sequences and their constituent parasequences. Though no one ideal cycle may be defined for the Bridal Veil Limestone, each high-frequency sequence and parasequence contains a general shallowing upward trend that ranges from anaerobic to dysaerobic mudstone at the base to skeletal wackestone to mud-dominated packstone, capped by heterozoan grain-rich carbonates or siliciclastic tidalites. Cycles bounded by exposure surfaces, indicated by micro-brecciation, rhizoliths, laminated calcite or silica crusts, rip-up clasts, centimeter-scale teepee structures, and/or pronounced erosional relief are termed high-frequency sequences. Those bounded by marine flooding surfaces are defined as parasequences. Thusly defined, the Bridal Veil Limestone is divided into 25 high-frequency sequences designated BVL-1 through BVL-25. Overall, two distinct sets of high-frequency sequences may be observed in the Bridal Veil Limestone. Sequences comprising the lower half of the formation (BVL-1 through BVL-12) are thicker, muddier, and less sand-prone than sequences in the upper half of the formation (BVL-13 through BVL-25), indicating an overall change in oxygenation, depositional texture, and accommodation upward in the section. Tracing of key beds and surfaces between the Thorpe Hills, Lake Mountain, and the Wasatch Range (spanning a distance greater than 50 miles) reveals that deposition was remarkably uniform across the southeastern part of the Oquirrh basin which we herein designate the Bridal Veil sub-basin and distinct from coeval formations in the southern Oquirrh basin, Ely basin, and Wyoming shelf. Mudstone and wackestone textures comprise a large portion of the formation by volume. Grain-rich carbonates are almost exclusively heterozoan in composition, indicating that the sub-basin was subphotic to aphotic through Early Pennsylvanian time.

Previous research in the Northern San Juan Region of the American Southwest has revealed a pattern of change in subsistence patterns from the Basketmaker II through Pueblo III periods. Jonathan C. Driver describes the pattern as: cottontail in Basketmaker III (500 to 750 CE) and Pueblo I (750 to 900 CE), deer in Pueblo II (900 to 1150 CE), and turkey in Pueblo III (1150 to 1350 CE). The transition from deer to turkey as the main subsistence has been recorded at several sites throughout the Northern San Juan Region and is thought to be caused by the overhunting of deer and increasing social strain. This combination is theorized to have caused the domestication of turkey as a last resort. Analysis conducted on faunal remains and eggshell recovered during excavation at Coal Bed Village by Brigham Young University et al. supports part of this pattern. Evidence of ritual display is evident in Basketmaker III and early Pueblo II contexts, with evidence of ritual or communal feasting in the early Pueblo II period. The rest of the assemblage appears to be domestic refuse. When compared to other large sites within the Montezuma Canyon, Coal Bed Village appears to have greater access to small artiodactyl throughout each of the periods. Contrary to expectations, adult turkey appears to have been eaten in the Basketmaker III, early Pueblo II, and Pueblo III periods. SEM analysis on turkey eggshell from each of these periods suggests that turkeys were domesticated since the Basketmaker III period, with the fresh eggs used as a protein supplement to the Puebloan diet throughout each of the periods. Changes to the amount of embryonic development suggest that, as the periods progressed, the Puebloans continued to use fresh eggs, but also increased the amount of eggs that developed to hatching.

<p dir="ltr">To better predict volcanic behavior, we must understand the processes that occur in the underlying magma reservoirs. This thesis contains three chapters that work together to better understand processes that occur in sub-volcanic reservoirs. Chapter 2 is a study of an ancient, coupled volcanic-plutonic system to determine the link between the volcanic and plutonic parts of the system. The IXL-Job Canyon magmatic system is an ~28-29 Ma system, which shows a rapid transition between eruption of tuffs and lava flows to construction of an upper-crustal pluton, via incremental emplacement. The system experienced an eruptive hiatus during and after pluton construction, until the eruption of a newly identified, younger, rhyolitic tuff. This work suggests that the absence of volcanic activity at the surface does not mean that the underlying magmatic plumbing system is also inactive. Chapter 3 compiles existing U-Pb zircon ID-TIMS data for upper-crustal, silicic magmatic systems, to determine the size and frequency of magmatic increments that accumulate to build up these systems. A Monte Carlo-based model is used to investigate the underlying distributions of the increment size and time between increments, and results in sizes and inter-event times that follow an exponential distribution. This work helps guide how we can try to introduce broadly generalizable complexities into thermal models of such systems. Chapter 4 focuses on organic interferences, a common issue that impacts the speed and quality of U-Pb and Pb-Pb data collected on TIMS instruments. We share two techniques used at the Purdue Radiogenic Isotope Geology Lab to first reduce and then avoid any residual organic interferences. These techniques help shorten analytical times, increasing throughput, and provide a means to reduce uncertainties on our measurements, since the presence of organic interferences can bias and increase the uncertainties on U-Pb dates.</p>

Rock imagery from the late Fremont period (1000-1300 AD) has captivated the interest of both professional and avocational researchers for the past century. In this thesis, I apply a highly systematized method of cataloguing and analysis to 482 anthropomorphs from Clear Creek Canyon (CCC) and Grand Staircase Escalante National Monument (GSENM). The primary theoretical assumption in this thesis is that the shapes used in anthropomorphic imagery convey ideas about how the Fremont saw people. I therefore recorded the head and body morphology and presence of arms, legs, and genitalia of each anthropomorph. By observing the data spatially, I discovered both intraregional and interregional patterns This research served to strengthen the argument that the Fremont people shared a common culture with regional variations.