A crescente complexidade das redes de comunicação de dados tem como conseqüência direta tornar cada vez mais complexas as tarefas de projetar seu dimensionamento e evolução. Um passo preliminar vitalmente importante no projeto de uma rede é a coleta de dados relacionados ao uso esperado da rede. Os padrões de tráfego estimados são usados nos cálculos de dimensionamento dos recursos. Fortemente relacionada a estas atividades está a previsão da performance em termos de throughput da rede, tempos de resposta, probabilidade de congestionamento, entre outras. Uma análise de performance efetiva depende de se representar precisamente a configuração da rede e da carga de tráfego a ela submetida. Técnicas de modelagem analítica ou de simulação podem ser usadas para determinar a performance esperada do sistema. Neste trabalho a usada a técnica de simulação para modelar o tráfego da rede usando dados coletados em uma rede real por monitoração. Trabalhando-se com o modelo validado e possível ajustar a carga de tráfego para representar mudanças esperadas nos volumes de tráfego, e testar o efeito na performance de diferentes configurações de rede. Isso possibilita que os processos de planejamento e projeto sejam executados com confiança, alem dos custos da rede poderem ser otimizados. O sistema apresentado neste trabalho e orientado à gerência de performance de redes, apoiando as atividades de gerência e planejamento de capacidade. Defende-se a idéia de que, a partir do perfil dos usuários de uma rede, derivado do tráfego por eles gerado, pode-se construir um modelo de tráfego significativamente representativo para a análise e previsão do desempenho da rede. O modelo foi desenvolvido para redes de comutação de pacotes com serviço orientado a conexão, e validado sobre o tráfego de uma rede X.25 através de um modelo de simulação, implementado em GPSS. O protótipo do sistema é composto por três processos principais que incorporam as etapas da análise de performance: monitoração do tráfego, análise do tráfego e simulação do tráfego. Na monitoração, são contabilizadas uma série de variáveis para cada conexão gerada na rede. Para cada tipo de aplicação são calculados os respectivos fatores de carga de tráfego. As aplicações são classificadas em dois grandes grupos: interativas e não-interativas. O processo de análise do tráfego gera os fatores de carga de tráfego na forma de tabelas e gráficos. As conexões e as métricas de performance produzidas na simulação do tráfego podem ser analisadas e validadas graficamente. O sistema proposto foi especificado em SDL (Specification and Description Language). / The increasing complexity of communication networks turns each time more complex the task to plan its expansion and evolution. A vitally important preliminar step in computer network design is the gathering of data relating to the expected use of the network. The estimated traffic patterns are used in resource usage computations. Closely related to these activities is the estimation of performance in terms of network throughput, response times, congestion probability, among others. An efective performance analysis requires the accurate representation of computer network configuration and traffic load. Analytical or simulation techniques can be used to establish the expected system performance. This work makes use of simulation to model the network traffic, based on collected data of a real network. network. Working with the validated model is possible to adjust the traffic load to represent future demand, and to test the performance impact under distinct network configurations. This enable a trustful execution of network planning and design, besides of the cost optimization. The system presented at this work is network performance management oriented, giving support to capacity management and capacity planning. The central idea is that, through network users profile achieved from generated traffic, it's possible to build a representative traffic model to aim at the network performance analysis and forecast. The model was developed to connection oriented packet switched networks, and validated by means of a simulation model to X.25 network traffic, implementd in GPSS. The system prototype comprises three process: traffic monitoring, traffic analysis and traffic simulation. In monitoring, a set of variables are registered for each network connection generated. The traffic load factors are computed according the application type. The applications are classified in two groups: interactive and non-interactive. The traffic analysis process produces traffic load factors in form of tables and graphics. Connections and performance metrics generated at traffic simulation can be graphically analyzed and validated. The proposed system was specified in SDL (Specification and Description Language).

Dans les processus de fabrication de semi-conducteurs, différents types des contrôles existent pour maîtriser les procédés et garantir la qualité du produit final. Ces travaux de thèse s’intéressent aux contrôles de défectivité qui visent à maîtriser le risque sur les équipements de production. L'indicateur utilisé est le nombre de produits traités par un équipement depuis la date du dernier produit contrôlé. On s’intéresse à la maîtrise et la réduction du risque sur les équipements de production. Pour cela, différentes stratégies de sélection des lots existent et peuvent être classifiées selon leur capacité à intégrer la dynamique d'une unité de fabrication. Dans les stratégies de sélection dynamique, les lots sont contrôlés en temps réel et en optimisant un critère. Ces stratégies sont récentes et sont beaucoup plus efficaces que les stratégies précédentes, mais aussi plus complexe à mettre en œuvre. Dans ce cadre, nous avons proposé et validé industriellement différents algorithmes pour identifier les lots à relâcher (à ne pas contrôler) dans les files d'attente des lots en défectivité. Nous avons aussi développé et implémenté un modèle d'optimisation de la capacité pour l’atelier de défectivité, qui permet d’évaluer l’impact de paramètres critiques (e.g. plan de production, positions des opérations de contrôles dans la gamme de fabrication, valeurs des limites de risques) dans la gestion du risque global de l'unité de fabrication. / In semiconductor manufacturing, several types of controls are required to ensure the quality of final products. In this thesis, we focus on defectivity inspections, which aim at monitoring the process for defect reduction and yield improvement. We are interested in managing and reducing the risk on process tools (i.e. number of wafers at risk) during fabrication. To reduce this risk, inspection operations are performed on products. However, because inspection operations directly impact the cycle times of products, sampling strategies are used to reduce the number of inspected lots while satisfying quality objectives. Several sampling techniques exist and can be classified according to their capability to deal with factory dynamics. Dynamic sampling strategies have recently been proposed, in which lots to inspect are selected in real time while considering the current production risk. These strategies are much more efficient than previous strategies but more complex to design and implement. In this thesis, a novel approach to select the lots to inspect is proposed. Multiple algorithms have been proposed and validated to efficiently manage the defect inspection queues by skipping (i.e. releasing) lots that do no longer bring enough information. In order to support strategic and tactical decisions, an optimization model for defect inspection capacity planning is also proposed. This model calculates the required defect inspection capacity to ensure the risk limits on process tools when the production conditions change. Industrial results show significant improvements in terms of risk reduction without increasing defect inspection capacity.

Background: A real-time system operates with time constraints, and its correctness depends upon the time on which results are generated. Different industries use different types of real-time systems such as telecommunication, air traffic control systems, generation of power, and spacecraft system. There is a category of real-time systems that are required to handle millions of users and operations at the same time; those systems are called large scale real-time systems. In the telecommunication sector, many real-time systems are large scale, as they need to handle millions of users and resources in parallel. Performance is an essential aspect of this type of system; unpredictable behavior queue cost millions of dollars for telecom operators in a matter of seconds. The problem is that existing models for performance analysis of these types of systems are not cost-effective and require lots of knowledge to deploy. In this context, we have developed a performance simulator tool that is based on the XgBoost, Random Forest, and Decision Tree modeling. Objectives: The thesis aims to develop a cost-effective approach to support the analysis of the performance of large-scale real-time telecommunication systems. The idea is to develop and implement a solution to simulate the telecommunication system using some of the most promising identified factors that affect the performance of the system. Methods: We have performed an improvement case study in Ericsson. The identification of performance factors is found through a dataset generated in a performance testing session, the investigation conducted on the same system, and unstructured interviews with the system experts. The approach was selected through a literature review. Validation of the Performance Simulator performed through static analysis and user feedback received from the questionnaire. Results: The results show that Performance Simulator could be helpful to performance analysis of large-scale real-time telecommunication systems. Performance Simulator ability to endorse performance analysis of other real-time systems is a collection of multiple opinions. Conclusions: The developed and validated approach demonstrates potential usefulness in performance analysis and can benefit significantly from further enhancements. The specific amount of data used for training might impact the generalization of the research on other real-time systems. In the future, this study can establish with more numbers of input on real-time systems on a large scale.

The topic of diploma thesis was implemented in selected mechanical engineering company producing precision parts in small series. The main aim of the thesis is to create the suggestion of optimal supply process for new orders. The first part of thesis describes the company, area of its business and the processes of the order. In second part, the production analysis is carried out: production order path, production analysis for two reference parts, comparison of all time delay over two last years, find bottlenecks in the supply process. Base on analysis, theoretical approaches was described. In the last chapter there are suggestions for improvement of supply processes and thus shortening of production time of new orders.

Having a newborn can be a big change for families, especially for first-time parents. At hospital discharge, parents are often provided with a lot of information, which can be difficult to retain. Due to shortened postnatal lengths of stay, nurses typically have less time to educate parents, which often results in families feeling overwhelmed. After hospital discharge, it is recommended for families to see a health care provider (i.e., physician, nurse practitioner, or registered midwife) within 72 hours for a follow-up appointment. This follow-up appointment is meant to assess both the mother and newborn to ensure they are both in good health and to provide any needed support. Unfortunately, completing the appointment within this timeframe may not be possible for every family or they may not be aware of its importance. Depending on the family’s model of care, completing the follow-up appointment within 72 hours after hospital discharge can be challenging. Families that have a physician as their health care provider may experience delays in scheduling the follow-up appointment. This can be due to the physician’s lack of availability, as there is a physician shortage in most communities. Furthermore, some families do not have access to a health care provider and, therefore, do not see a care provider after hospital discharge. Completing the follow-up appointment later than when it is recommended, or not at all, can result in negative health consequences for the mother and newborn and can also increase re-admission hospital rates and related costs (Cargill et al., 2007). At the moment, postnatal lengths of stay are shortening but the service delivery has not changed to accommodate this trend (Lemyre et al., 2018). This means that the services typically provided to families in the hospital now need to be provided in the community. The follow-up appointment after hospital discharge is an opportunity to provide these services; however, timely access to a health care provider, specifically a physician, can be challenging. Thus, this thesis explores the development of a general design methodology for a postpartum nurse practitioner-led clinic. The aim of the clinic is to provide timely access to any family that needs to complete the necessary postpartum services after hospital discharge within a community. An analytical model was developed to explore the characteristics of a postpartum nurse practitioner-led clinic and how it would operate (i.e., what services would be offered, the amount of time needed for these services, what is needed to offer these services, etc.). The model conducts a simulation of the appointment scheduling process based on the input values entered into it and evaluates a number of performance metrics (e.g., number of diversions, patient wait times, resource idle time, clinic overtime, number of appointments provided within 72 hours and number of appointments provided beyond 72 hours). The findings from the model can support the potential implementation of a postpartum nurse practitioner-led clinic in any community. Implementing such clinics could increase awareness, further educate parents and increase access to postpartum services.

Cette thèse a pour but d’étudier les activités humaines à travers l’analyse du flux de signalisation du réseau cellulaire de données (GTP). Pour ce faire, nous avons mis en place un ensemble d’outils nous permettant de collecter, stocker et analyser ces données de signalisation. Ceci en se basant sur une architecture indépendante au maximum des constructeurs de matériel. À partir des données extraites par cette plateforme nous avons fait trois contributions.Dans une première contribution, nous présentons l’architecture de la plateforme de capture et d’analyse de la signalisation GTP dans un réseau d’opérateur. Ce travail a pour but de faire l’inventaire des différents éléments déclenchant des mises à jour et aussi d’estimer la précision temporelle et spatiale des données collectées. Ensuite, nous présentons une série de mesures, mettant en avant les caractéristiques principales de la mobilité humaine observées au travers de la signalisation mobile (le temps inter-arrivées des messages de mise à jour, la distance observée des sauts entre cellules lors des déplacements des clients). Finalement, nous présentons l’analyse des compromis qui ont été faits entre la rapidité d’écriture/de lecture et la facilité d’usage du format de fichier utilisé lors de l’échange d’informations entre les sondes de capture et le système stockage. Deuxièmement, nous avons été capables de mettre en place un algorithme de reconstitution de trajets. Cet algorithme permet, à partir de données éparses issues du réseau cellulaire, de forger des trajets sur les voies de transport. Il se base sur les données des trajets sous-échantillonnées et en déduit les positions du client sur les voies de communication. Nous avons mis en place un graphe de transport intermodal. Celui-ci porte sur le métro, le train et le réseau routier. Il connecte les différents points entre eux dans chacune des couches de transport et interconnecte les modes de transport entre eux, aux intersections. Notre algorithme se base sur un modèle de chaîne de Markov cachée pour placer sur le graphe les positions probables des individus entre les différentes observations. L’apport de ce travail est l’utilisation des propriétés topologiques du réseau de transport afin de renseigner les probabilités d’émission et de transition dans un modèle non supervisé. Ces travaux ont donné lieu à une publication et à un brevet. Finalement, notre dernière contribution utilise les données issues de la signalisation à des fins de dimensionnement du réseau mobile d’opérateur. Il s’agit de dimensionner dynamiquement un réseau mobile en utilisant les bandes de fréquences dites vTV-Whitespace. Ces bandes de fréquences sont libérées sous certaines conditions aux USA et soumises à vente aux enchères. Ce que nous proposons est un système basé sur un algorithme de qualité d’expérience (QoE) et sur le coût de la ressource radio afin de choisir où déployer des femtocells supplémentaires et où en supprimer en fonction des variations de population par unité d’espace. En conclusion, cette thèse offre un aperçu du potentiel de l’analyse des metadata de signalisation d’un réseau dans un contexte plus général que la simple supervision d’un réseau d’opérateur / The aim of this thesis is to study human activities through the analysis of the signaling flow in cellular data network (GTP). In order to achieve this goal, we implemented a set of tools allowing us to collect, store and analyze this signaling data. We created an architecture independent at most of hardware manufacturers and network operators. Using data extracted by this platform we made three main contributions. In our first contribution, we present the GTP capture and analysis platform in a mobile operator network. This work intends to list the different elements triggering updates and to estimate the temporal and spatial accuracy of the data collected. Next, we present a set of measures that represent the main characteristics of human mobility observed through the mobile signaling data (the inter-arrival time of update messages, the observed distances of hops from cell to cell made by moving users). Finally, we present the analysis of the compromise that was made between the writing/reading performances and the ease of use of the file format for the data storage. In our second contribution, we propose CT-Mapper, an unsupervised algorithm that enables the mapping of mobile phone traces over a multimodal transport network. One of the main strengths of CT-Mapper is its capability to map noisy sparse cellular multimodal trajectories over a multilayer transportation network where the layers have different physical properties and not only to map trajectories associated with a single layer. Such a network is modeled by a large multilayer graph in which the nodes correspond to metro/train stations or road intersections and edges correspond to connections between them. The mapping problem is modeled by an unsupervised HMM where the observations correspond to sparse user mobile trajectories and the hidden states to the multilayer graph nodes. The HMM is unsupervised as the transition and emission probabilities are inferred using respectively the physical transportation properties and the information on the spatial coverage of antenna base stations. Finally, in our last contribution we propose a method for cellular resource planning taking into account user mobility. Since users move, the bandwidth resource should move accordingly. We design a score based method using TV Whitespace, and user experience, to determine from which cell resource should be removed and to which one it should be added. Combined with traffic history it calculates scores for each cell. Bandwidth is reallocated on a half-day basis. Before that, real traces of cellular networks in urban districts are presented which confirm that static network planning is no longer optimal. A dynamic femtocell architecture is then presented. It is based on mesh interconnected elements and designed to serve the score based bandwidth allocation algorithm. The score method along with the architecture are simulated and results are presented. They confirm the expected improvement in bandwidth and delay per user while maintaining a low operation cost at the operator side. In conclusion, this thesis provides an overview of the potential of analyzing the signaling metadata of a network in a broader context that supervision of an operator network

Cette thèse porte sur l’étude d’un réseau de soins hiérarchique stochastique avec rejet où les patients sont transférés lorsque la capacité de l’hôpital d’accueil n’est pas suffisante. Les patients sont alors redirigés vers un autre hôpital, ou hors du réseau. Une application concrète sur les réseaux de périnatalité est proposée, et nous avons identifié plusieurs verrous scientifiques fondamentaux d’un point de vue stratégique et opérationnel. Dans la partie stratégique, nous nous sommes intéressés à un problème de planification de capacité dans le réseau. Nous avons développé un modèle de localisation et de dimensionnement non-linéaire qui tient compte de la nature stochastique du système. La linéarisation du modèle permet de résoudre des problèmes de taille réelle en temps raisonnable. Nous avons développé dans un second temps de nouvelles méthodologies d’approximation permettant d’évaluer la performance du réseau en termes de probabilité de rejet et de transfert entre hôpitaux. Dans la partie opérationnelle, nous avons étudié des politiques de pilotage d’admission optimales pour différentes tailles de réseaux de manière utiliser au mieux les ressources hospitalières. Finalement, nous avons construit un modèle de simulation couplant multi-agents et événements discrets permettant la validation des résultats précédents et l’évaluation de performance du système de manière réaliste. / In this thesis, by being motivated from the challenges in perinatal networks, we address design, evaluation and flow control of a stochastic healthcare network where there exist multiple levels of hospitals and different types of patients. Patients are supposed urgent; thus they can be rejected and overflow to another facility in the same network if no service capacity is available at their arrival. Rejection of patients due to the lack of service capacity is the common phenomenon in overflow networks. We approach the problem from both strategic and operational perspectives. In strategic part, we address a location & capacity planning problem for adjusting the network to better meet demographic changes. In operational part, we study the optimal patient admission control policies to increase flexibility in allocation of resources and improve the control of patient flow in the network. Finally, in order to evaluate the performance of the network, we develop new approximation methodologies that estimate the rejection probabilities in each hospital for each arriving patient group, thus the overflow probabilities among hospitals. Furthermore, an agent-based discrete-event simulation model is constructed to adequately represent our main applicationarea: Nord Hauts-de-Seine Perinatal Network. The simulation model is used to evaluate the performance of the complex network and more importantly evaluate the strength of the optimal results of our analytical models. The developed methodologies in this thesis are combined in a decision support tool, foreseen under the project “COVER”, which aims to assist health system managers to effectively plan strategic and operational decisions of a healthcare network and evaluate the performance of their decisions.

Syfte: Syftet med rapporten var att bättre förstå vilka faktorer som har en inverkan på kapacitetsplaneringen samt de metoder som finns att tillgå gällande kapacitetsplanering. Utefter detta formulerades det tre stycken frågeställningar som studien avser att besvara: Vilka metoder inom kapacitetsplaneringen kan tillämpas i ett kundorderstyrt företag? Vad utmärker kapacitetsplaneringen i ett kundorderstyrt företag? Hur kan kapacitetsplaneringen förbättras utifrån fallföretagets nuvarande situation? Metod: För att besvara frågeställningarna och uppfylla studiens syfte valdes det att genomföras en fallstudie på Lindab Götene AB i Götene. Den första frågeställningen besvaras genom att identifiera relevant teori kring kapacitetsplanering och analysera dessa med empirin. Den andra frågan besvaras med hjälp av empirin där en nulägesanalys har genomförts som ger en inblick i fallföretaget samt den informationen om hur kapacitetsplaneringen tillämpas i fallstudieobjektet. Även här analyseras empirin med teorin. Den tredje frågan besvaras utifrån den analys och insamling av empiriskt material i nulägesbeskrivningen för att identifiera vad som kan förbättras angående kapacitetsplaneringen i en kundorderstyrd verksamhet. Den empiriska datan utgjordes utav intervjuer, dokumentstudier och observationer. Slutsats: I dagsläget sker kapacitetsplaneringen för hela företaget, författarna föreslår att fallföretaget tillämpar metoden kapacitetsbehovsprofiler då den möjliggör att planera kapaciteten per avdelning. Vilket skulle kunna ge en bättre uppfattning om hur beläggningen i produktionen ser ut utifrån fallföretagets förutsättningar. Ytterligare rekommendationer är att utföra tidsstudier för att säkerställa att korrekta operationstider finns tillgängliga som kapacitetsplaneringen baseras på för att inte över- eller underskatta graden av kapacitetsbehov. Uppföljning och återkoppling bör även göras för att se hur produktionen ligger till gentemot planeringen för att även skapa ett underlag för eventuella förbättringar som kan utföras, samt att skapa rutiner och se till att dessa följs. / Purpose: The purpose of the report was to achieve a greater understanding over which factors have an impact on capacity planning as well as the methods available regarding capacity planning. Along this, three questions were formulated that the study intends to answer: Which methods within capacity planning can be applied in a customer-managed company? What distinguishes a capacity planning in a customer-managed company? How can capacity planning be improved in the business case based on the current situation? Method: In order to answer the questions and fulfil the purpose of the study, it was decided to conduct a case study at Lindab Götene AB in Götene. The first question is answered by identifying relevant theory about capacity planning and comparing them with empiric materials. The second question is answered with the help of the empirics where a current situation analysis has been conducted that gives an insight into the case company and the information on how capacity planning is applied in the case study. The theoretical and empirical material are analysed as well. The third question is answered on the basis from the analysis and collection of empirical material in the current situation description to identify what can be improved regarding capacity planning in a customer-ordered business. The empirical data consisted of interviews, documentary studies and observations. Conclusion: Today the capacity plan is created for the whole company as one unit, the authors are suggesting that the business case applies the method capacity bills which makes it possible to plan capacity for each division. Thus, creating a better chance of understanding the current situation in the production. Further recommendations are such as conducting time studies to ensure that correct operational times are available which capacity planning is based on, this for not under- or overestimate the need of capacity. Follow-up and feedback should be done to see how the current situation of the production is against the production plan, also to create a ground for potential improvements that can occur. Creating routines and making sure that they are followed.

Der Wandel von konventionellen Antriebskonzepten hin zu Alternativen wie der Brennstoffzellentechnologie vollzieht sich in einem sehr dynamischen Umfeld. Entsprechend komplex gestaltet sich die Problemstellung, eine Fabrik zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt mit langfristigem wirtschaftlichem Erfolgspotential zu dimensionieren. Im folgenden Beitrag wird ein Ansatz vorgestellt, der die Einbeziehung der Umweltsituation in den Fabrikplanungsprozess ermöglicht. Unter Anwendung des System Dynamics-Ansatzes wird ein Simulationsmodell aufgebaut, welches die Auswirkungen von Umwelteinflüssen auf die Kapazitätsdimensionierung darstellt. Dabei werden Umweltdaten aus dem öffentlichen, technologischen und wirtschaftlichen Umfeld der Brennstoffzellenfertigung erhoben. Die so erhobenen Daten dienen als Grundlage für die Bestimmung von Modellierungsparametern, welche die wesentlichen Umwelteinflüsse repräsentieren. Im anschließenden Simulationslauf wird das dynamische Zusammenspiel der Einflüsse betrachtet und mit einer monetären Bewertung untersetzt. Die aus dem Simulationsmodell gewonnenen Ergebnisse belegen, dass die weitgehende Berücksichtigung von Umweltdaten im Umfeld der Brennstoffzellenfertigung praktikabel ist und zu vorteilhafteren Planungsergebnissen beitragen kann. / The shift from conventional drive concepts to alternatives such as fuel cell technology is taking place in a very dynamic environment. The problem of dimensioning a factory with long-term economic success potential is correspondingly complex. In the following paper an approach is presented which allows the inclusion of environmental factors into the factory planning process. Using the System Dynamics approach, a simulation model is built which represents the effects of environmental influences on capacity dimensioning. Environmental data from the public, technological and economic environment of fuel cell manufacturing are collected. The collected data serves as a basis for the determination of modeling parameters, which represents the main environmental influences. In the subsequent simulation run, the dynamic interaction of the influences is considered and underpinned with a monetary evaluation. The results obtained from the simulation model prove that the extensive consideration of environmental data in the environment of fuel cell production is practicable and can contribute to more advantageous planning results.

The Swedish healthcare system is considered to have good healthcare productivity and efficiency with moderate cost but seems to have some future challenges. Sweden is moving towards the aging population as it requires development in medical care techniques and technologies to provide care to elderly patients. This increases the pressure on the healthcare system. Hence, the number of patients in the hospital increase, as a result, the flow of patients within the wards are increased. Furthermore, the pandemic has increased the number of people admitted to hospitals. As a consequence, even for high-priority cases, the wait times are rising. The Skaraborg Hospital Group, SHG, and other general hospitals, in particular, are focusing on how to handle patient flow at various levels within departments and clinics by improving patient flow quality. Production and capacity preparation (PCP) is a commonly used industry tool for resolving bottlenecks. Hence, this method needs to be adopted within the hospital and by the healthcare sector to a larger extent. Since many patients from different specialty departments use the Radiology department's facilities, it is often a "bottleneck" in inpatient traffic at hospitals. Furthermore, the influx of patients with covid-19 has increased the department's workload. This master's thesis aims to assist the Radiology department in improving their production and capacity planning to increase unit flow performance. The project involves supporting key staff in the department in estimating demand to align different patient movements with equipment and personnel services. Improving radiology department flow efficiency can lead to more even and healthy patient flows around the hospital, reducing "buffers" of patients and longer stays at different specialist clinics. / Det svenska sjukvården anses ha god hälsovårdsproduktivitet och effektivitet till måttliga kostnader men verkar ha några framtida utmaningar. Sverige går mot den åldrande befolkningen eftersom det kräver utveckling av tekniker och tekniker för medicinsk vård för att ge äldre patienter vård. Detta ökar trycket på sjukvården. Därför ökar antalet patienter på sjukhuset, vilket leder till att patientflödet inom avdelningarna ökar. Dessutom har pandemin ökat antalet personer som läggs in på sjukhus. Som en konsekvens ökar väntetiderna även för fall med hög prioritet. Skaraborg sjukhusgrupp, SHG och andra allmänna sjukhus fokuserar särskilt på hur man hanterar patientflöde på olika nivåer inom avdelningar och kliniker genom att förbättra patientflödeskvaliteten. Produktion och kapacitetsberedning (PCP) är ett vanligt branschverktyg för att lösa flaskhalsar. Därför måste denna metod i större utsträckning antas inom sjukhuset och inom sjukvården. Eftersom många patienter från olika specialavdelningar använder Radiologiavdelningens anläggningar är det ofta en "flaskhals" i slutenvården på sjukhus. Dessutom har inflödet av patienter med covid-19 ökat avdelningens arbetsbelastning. Detta examensarbete syftar till att hjälpa Radiologiavdelningen att förbättra sin produktionsoch kapacitetsplanering för att öka enhetsflödesprestanda. Projektet innebär att stödja nyckelpersoner på avdelningen för att uppskatta efterfrågan för att anpassa olika patientrörelser till utrustning och personal. Förbättrad radiologisk avdelnings flödeseffektivitet kan leda till jämnare och hälsosammare patientflöden runt sjukhuset, vilket minskar "buffertar" hos patienter och längre vistelser på olika specialistkliniker.