Submitted by Kenia Bernini (kenia.bernini@ufpel.edu.br) on 2017-06-08T20:30:40Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Admilson_Robalo_ Brito_Xavier_Pinto_Dissertação.pdf: 9721285 bytes, checksum: 2ddd807be9fd74fa9c827a6bab1b0472 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-06-09T11:39:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Admilson_Robalo_ Brito_Xavier_Pinto_Dissertação.pdf: 9721285 bytes, checksum: 2ddd807be9fd74fa9c827a6bab1b0472 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-06-09T11:43:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Admilson_Robalo_ Brito_Xavier_Pinto_Dissertação.pdf: 9721285 bytes, checksum: 2ddd807be9fd74fa9c827a6bab1b0472 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-09T11:43:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Admilson_Robalo_ Brito_Xavier_Pinto_Dissertação.pdf: 9721285 bytes, checksum: 2ddd807be9fd74fa9c827a6bab1b0472 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / A presente dissertação de mestrado apresenta um estudo histórico e antropológico sobre cooperativismo e as estratégias de luta pelo bem viver na comunidade pesqueira de Ribeira da Barca, localizada na Ilha de Santiago, arquipélago de Cabo Verde. O objetivo geral do trabalho é compreender a organização desta comunidade com vistas a entender qual seria o bem viver a que ela aspira. Para este propósito, o estudo traz para a discussão o conceito de colonialidade do poder, dentre outros, que transcende as particularidades do colonialismo histórico português e que não desaparece com a descolonização oficial. Este conceito é recorrente em estudos sobre comunidades indígenas do continente americano e constitui-se, pois, em uma tentativa de explicar a modernidade como um processo intrinsecamente vinculado à experiência colonial. Atualmente, Cabo Verde tem sido refém do sistema-mundo e da dependência econômica do exterior, o que obriga o Estado a assinar protocolos e parcerias que visam atingir o desenvolvimento do país. Tais parcerias nem sempre satisfazem a necessidade da maioria da população nacional, como verificado na comunidade pesqueira de Ribeira da Barca, localizada na Ilha de Santiago, sobretudo por conta de um acordo sobre o domínio de pesca, assinado entre Cabo Verde e a União Europeia. Neste caso, em particular, verificou-se que a população local enfrenta muitas dificuldades de natureza socioeconômica e procura sobreviver por meio da ajuda mútua. Desse modo, surge uma forma de sociabilidade marcada pela solidariedade e busca pelo bem viver, observado na expressão “vivi dreto”, típica do crioulo cabo-verdiano, a qual tem a ver com uma alternativa à ideia de desenvolvimento convencional. Para tanto, são necessárias respostas políticas que possibilitem a cultura do estar em harmonia em detrimento da civilização do viver melhor. Trata-se de construir uma sociedade solidária e sustentável, visto que o bem viver sinaliza uma ética de suficiência para toda a comunidade e não somente para o indivíduo / Es dissertason di mestrado é um estudo stórico e antropológico sobre cooperativismu e stratégia de luta pá vivi dreto, na komunidade peskeira de Rubera da Barka, ki ta fica na Ilha de Santiago, arkipélagu de Kabu Verde. É tem como objetivo geral compreendi organizason di komunidade, ku ideia na entendi kuse ki é vivi dreto pa guentis de komunidade. Na kel studo li fazedu um discuson di conceito de colonialidade do poder, ki ta transcendi particularidadi di colonialismo storico portugês e que ki ka ta desapareci ku descolonizason oficial. Es conceito é recorrente em studos sobre komunidades indígenas na kontinente mercano e é ta constitui, um tentativa de esplica modernidadi como um processo ki sta ligado à experiência colonial. Atualmenti, Kabu Verde tem stado refém di sistema-mundo keli é pamode é ta dependi ekonômicamente di esterior, o ki ta obriga Estado a assina protocolus e parcerias ki ta visa atingi desenvolvimento di país. Kes parcerias nem sempri ta satisfaze necessidadi di maioria di populason nacional. Sima verificadu na komunidade pesqera de Rubera da Barka, localizado na Ilha de Santiago, sobretudo pamodi um acordo di pesca, assinado entre Kabo Verde ku União Europeia. Nes caso, em particular, populason local sa enfrenta tcheu dificuldades sócio-econômico e es ta procura sobrevivi graça a djunta-mo. Assi surgi um forma de sociabilidadi marcadu pá solidariedadi, na busca di vivi dreto. Es forma di bida é um alternativa à ideia de desenvolvimentu convencional. Ma pes pode, vivi dreto é necessário tem respostas políticas ki ta possibilitas vivi assi. Es pratica ta trata di construi um sociedade solidário e sustentável, pamode vivi dreto ta busca um ética de suficiência pá todo Komunidade e non somenti pá un alguem / his dissertation presents a historical and anthropological study about the cooperativism and the strategies of struggle for the live well in the fishing community of Ribeira da Barca, in Santiago island, archipelago of Cape Verde. The general objective of the work is to comprehend the organization of this community in order to understand which live well they wish for. For this reason, this study brings to discussion the concept of coloniality of the power, among others, that transcends the particularities of the Portuguese historical colonialism and that does not disappear with the official decolonization. This concept is recurrent in studies about indigenous communities of the American continent and it consists of an attempt to explain the modernity as a process intrinsically connected to the colonial experience. At present, Cape Verde has been hostage of the world-system and the economic dependence from abroad, which forces the state to sign protocols and partnerships that aim to achieve the development of the country. Such partnerships do not always satisfy the needs of the majority of the national population, as verified in the fishing community of Ribeira da Barca, in Santiago island, specially because of the agreement on the fishing domain, signed between Cape Verde and the European Union. In this case, in particular, it was verified that the local population deals with many socio-economic difficulties and tries to survive through mutual help. In consequence, a form of sociability emerges marked by the solidarity and the search for living well, observed in the expression “vivi dreto”, typical from the Cape Verdean creole, which is related to the alternative of the idea of conventional development. Therefore, political answers are necessary to enable the culture of being in harmony, preferring this over the civilization of better living. It talks about building a solidary and sustainable society, considering that the live well indicates an ethic of sufficiency for the whole community not only for the individua

Objetivo: Descrever a iniciação sexual e o uso de métodos anticoncepcionais e estimar fatores associados a estas condutas, em adolescentes de 13 a 17 anos de idade, de escolas da rede pública de ensino secundário da Ilha de Santiago, Cabo Verde. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com amostra probabilística e representativa de 768 adolescentes com idade entre 13 e 17 anos, de escolas secundárias públicas da Ilha de Santiago em 2007. A associação foi testada pelo teste de proporção, qui-quadrado de Pearson ou Fisher e regressão logística. Para estimar os fatores associados ao uso de métodos anticoncepcionais e preservativo, foi analisada a sub-amostra de 368 adolescentes sexualmente ativos. O início da vida sexual, o uso de métodos anticoncepcionais e o uso de preservativo foram analisados como desfechos. Foram consideradas variáveis independentes: características sociodemográficas, afetivo-sexuais e comportamentais. Foi utilizada regressão logística para análise simultânea dos fatores, considerando-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Entre os adolescentes do sexo masculino, os fatores associados ao início da vida sexual foram: idade maior que 14 anos, ser católico e consumir bebidas alcoólicas. Entre as adolescentes do sexo feminino, possuir mais de nove anos de estudo e parceria afetivosexual foram associados ao início da vida sexual. Entre os 368 adolescentes, 69,3% referiram ter usado métodos anticoncepcionais na sua última relação sexual, sendo mais freqüentes o preservativo (94,9%) e a pílula (26,4%). Fatores significativos e positivamente associados ao uso de métodos anticoncepcionais na última relação foram: morar em município da capital (OR=2,02; IC95%: 1,23;3,32), ter namorado anteriormente à época da entrevista (OR=2,82; IC95%: 1,51;5,26) e ter mais de oito anos de estudo (OR=2,03; IC95%: 1,23;3,33). A prevalência de uso de preservativo na última relação sexual foi de 94,9%. Fatores associados ao uso de preservativo na última relação foram: religião não católica (OR=0,68, IC 95%: 0,52;0,88) e parceria afetivo-sexual no período anterior à pesquisa (OR = 5,15, IC 95%: 1,79; 14,80). Conclusões: Ao contrário de outros contextos da África Subsaariana, foram constadas taxas elevadas de uso de preservativo por adolescentes no início da vida sexual. Os adolescentes podem iniciar a vida sexual de maneira mais segura se tiverem informação, educação sexual e acesso a métodos de prevenção à gravidez e IST. O elevado uso de preservativo e a associação entre escolaridade e utilização de métodos anticoncepcionais entre adolescentes na última relação sexual podem expressar resultados positivos das políticas de saúde sexual e reprodutiva atuais, contribuindo para diminuição da infecção por HIV. Todavia, a influência da religião e da parceria afetivo-sexual no uso de preservativo revela a necessidade de ações de prevenção voltadas para segmentos religiosos não católicos e que não possuem parceria afetivo-sexual. Este estudo oferece elementos para a reflexão sobre o delineamento de políticas de redução da vulnerabilidade dos jovens às IST/Aids e sobre os limites e desafios da promoção do uso do preservativo e educação sexual focando as relações desiguais de gênero. / Objective: To describe the onset of sexual life and the use of contraceptive methods and to estimate factors associated among adolescents aged 13-17 years from public high schools in Santiago Island, Cape Verde. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a probabilistic and representative sample of 768 adolescents aged 13-17 years from public high schools was carried out in Santiago Island, Cape Verde, in 2007. The association was verified by means of test of proportions, Pearsons chi-square, Fishers exact and logistic regression. The subsample of 368 sexually active adolescents was analyzed to estimate the factors associated with contraceptive methods and condom use. The first sexual intercourse and contraceptive methods and condom use were analyzed as outcomes. Sociodemographic, sexual-affective and behavioral characteristics were the independent variables. Logistic regression was used for simultaneous analysis of factors at a 5% significance level. Results: Among male adolescents, the factors associated with the first sexual intercourse were: age over 14 years, being catholic and alcohol consumption. For female adolescents, having more than nine years of schooling and sexual-affective partnership were associated with the first sexual intercourse. Among the 368 adolescents, 69.3% reported use of contraceptive methods in the last sexual intercourse; the most frequent methods were condom (94.9%) and pill (26.4%). Significant and positive factors associated with the use of contraceptive methods in the last sexual intercourse were: living in the capital (OR=2.02; 95%CI: 1.23;3.32), having dated previously the study (OR=2.82; 95%CI: 1.51;5.26) and having more than eight years of schooling (OR=2.03; 95%CI: 1.23;3.33). The prevalence of condom use in the last sexual intercourse was 94.9%. Factors associated with condom use in the last sexual intercourse were: being non-catholic (OR=0.68, 95%CI: 0.52;0.88) and having affective-sexual partnership previously the study (OR=5.15, 95%CI: 1.79;14.80). Conclusions: Contrary to other Sub-Saharan Africa contexts, high rates of condom use in adolescents first sexual intercourse were observed. Adolescents are able to begin sexual life more safely as long as they are provide with information, sexual education and access to contraceptive and STI prevention methods. The high condom use and the association between schooling and contraceptive methods utilization in the last sexual intercourse may express positive outcomes from the current sexual and reproductive health policies, accounting for the decrease in HIV infection. However, the influence of religion and sexual-affective partnership on condom use indicates the need for preventive measures targeted at noncatholic groups and those without affective-sexual partnership. This study contributes for the reflection upon the design of policies aimed at reducing the vulnerability of young people to STI/AIDS and the limits and challenges to promote condom use and sexual education focusing on gender inequalities.

This study investigates variable noun phrase number agreement (VNA) in two second language varieties of Portuguese, spoken in Maputo, Mozambique and in Mindelo, Cape Verde. Quantitative VARBRUL analysis is carried out based on recordings made in Maputo and Mindelo 2007 and 2008. Previous quantitative studies on VNA in varieties of Brazilian Portuguese (Guy, 1981; Lopes, 2001; Andrade, 2003) as well as on VNA in first and second language varieties of Portuguese from São Tomé (Baxter, 2004; Figueiredo, 2008, 2010) indicate contact between Portuguese and African languages as the main origin of this phenomenon. VNA in Brazilian Portuguese is, however, interpreted by Scherre (1988) and Naro & Scherre (1993, 2007) as the result of language internal drift. Varieties of Portuguese from Mozambique and Cape Verde are particularly interesting to contrast in order to investigate influences from African languages on VNA, as in Mozambique Bantu languages are first languages of the vast majority of Portuguese speakers, whereas in Cape Verde, practically all Portuguese speakers are first language speakers of Cape Verdean Creole, whose substrates are West African, and not Bantu, languages. Comparison is also made with previous studies from Brazil and São Tomé. The results of this study comment previously postulated explanations for VNA in Portuguese in various ways. The analysis of the variables onset age and age stratum indicates that VNA in the analyzed varieties is a phenomenon linked to the acquisition of Portuguese as a second language and/or language contact rather than the result of internal drift. The fact that all the compared varieties tend to mark plural on pre-head components contradicts Bantu transfer as an explanation for this pattern, and raises the need to also consider more general explanations based on language contact. The basic structural similarity between the compared varieties suggests the existence of a grammatical restructuring continuum.

This study investigates variable noun phrase number agreement (VNA) in two second language varieties of Portuguese, spoken in Maputo, Mozambique and in Mindelo, Cape Verde. Quantitative VARBRUL analysis is carried out based on recordings made in Maputo and Mindelo 2007 and 2008. Previous quantitative studies on VNA in varieties of Brazilian Portuguese (Guy, 1981; Lopes, 2001; Andrade, 2003) as well as on VNA in first and second language varieties of Portuguese from São Tomé (Baxter, 2004; Figueiredo, 2008, 2010) indicate contact between Portuguese and African languages as the main origin of this phenomenon. VNA in Brazilian Portuguese is, however, interpreted by Scherre (1988) and Naro & Scherre (1993, 2007) as the result of language internal drift. Varieties of Portuguese from Mozambique and Cape Verde are particularly interesting to contrast in order to investigate influences from African languages on VNA, as in Mozambique Bantu languages are first languages of the vast majority of Portuguese speakers, whereas in Cape Verde, practically all Portuguese speakers are first language speakers of Cape Verdean Creole, whose substrates are West African, and not Bantu, languages. Comparison is also made with previous studies from Brazil and São Tomé. The results of this study comment previously postulated explanations for VNA in Portuguese in various ways. The analysis of the variables onset age and age stratum indicates that VNA in the analyzed varieties is a phenomenon linked to the acquisition of Portuguese as a second language and/or language contact rather than the result of internal drift. The fact that all the compared varieties tend to mark plural on pre-head components contradicts Bantu transfer as an explanation for this pattern, and raises the need to also consider more general explanations based on language contact. The basic structural similarity between the compared varieties suggests the existence of a grammatical restructuring continuum.

Les effondrements massifs de flancs sont des évènements destructeurs qui affectent tous les édifices volcaniques. Ces effondrements peuvent impliquer quelques dizaines, voire centaines de km3 de roche. Les volcans boucliers océaniques, bien que possédant de faibles pentes, sont également affectés par ces épisodes destructeurs, entraînant la formation de tsunamis. Dans le contexte de bouclier océanique, ces déstabilisations n’ont jamais été observées. Actuellement, seules des reliques sont présentes sur les îles volcaniques, avec la présence de cicatrices d’effondrements, de dépôts détritiques en mer ou de dépôts de tsunami sur les îles voisines. Les relations entre le magmatisme des volcans boucliers et les effondrements de flanc sont peu contraintes. Afin de mieux comprendre ces relations, deux effondrements de flanc de volcans boucliers océaniques ont été étudiés : l’effondrement de Monte Amarelo sur l’île de Fogo, dans l’archipel du Cap Vert, et l’effondrement de Güímar, situé sur la rift-zone Nord-Est de Tenerife, dans l’archipel des Canaries. Les deux archipels résultent de l’activité d’un panache mantellique sous la plaque africaine.Les produits volcaniques pré et post-effondrement de ces deux secteurs ont été étudiés d’un point de vue géochimique (majeurs, traces, isotopes Sr-Nd-Pb), pétrologique et géochronologique (K-Ar, Ar-Ar), de manière à identifier à la fois les sources et les processus magmatiques mis en jeu lors de leur formation. L’évolution temporelle des sources, ainsi que des processus magmatiques, a été reconstruite afin d’identifier d’éventuels liens avec l’effondrement de flanc étudié.Les résultats montrent que l’évolution du magmatisme de l’île de Fogo amène à la formation de zones superficielles de stockage, de complexes intrusifs et d’éruptions explosives conduisant à de nouvelles instabilités de l’édifice. Suite à l’effondrement, ces zones de stockage sont déstabilisées en quelques milliers d’années. Les processus magmatiques lithosphériques (assimilation, fusion partielle) sont également perturbés mais sur une période plus longue (plusieurs dizaines de milliers d’années). L’effondrement de Güímar ne montre aucun lien avec le magmatisme de l’île de Tenerife.La différence principale entre ces deux contextes est la localisation de la zone effondrée par rapport au système magmatique. En effet, l’effondrement de Güímar est situé en périphérie du système magmatique et ne montre aucun lien avec ce dernier ; à l’inverse l’effondrement du Monte Amarelo, situé à l’aplomb du système magmatique, se répercute rapidement sur ce système à faible profondeur, mais également à des profondeurs lithosphériques avec un délai plus long. / Massive flank collapses are destructive events that affect all volcanic edifices. They can take off huge volumes of rock, from tens to hundreds km3. Oceanic shield volcanoes are also affected by such events even if they have shallow slopes, thus, tsunamis could also be generated in this context. However, a shield volcano flank collapse has never been observed. Nowadays, only relics are visible, such as collapse scars, detritic deposit offshore or tsunami deposits on nearby islands. The relationships between collapse and magmatic history of oceanic shield volcanoes are poorly constrained. Two flank collapses are studied in this thesis, with the aim to better understand these relationships: the Monte Amarelo collapse, on Fogo Island (Cape Verde), and the Güímar collapse, located on North-East rift-zone of Tenerife (Canary Islands). Those archipelagos are the result of hot spot activity below the African plate. Geochemical (major and trace elements, and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes), petrological and geochronological (K-Ar and Ar-Ar) analyses were carried out on volcanic samples as to identify the source and magmatic processes at stake during magma genesis. The temporal evolution of source and magmatic processes is reconstructed in order to track possible links with the flank collapse. The magmatic system of Fogo Island evolves through time, favouring the formation of superficial storage zones, intrusive complex and explosive eruptions prior to the collapse, which participate to the instability of the edifice. Following the Monte Amarelo collapse, shallow storage zones are destabilized within a few thousand years. Lithospheric magmatic processes (assimilation, partial melting) are also affected but on a longer timescale (tens of thousands years). The Güímar collapse shows no links with the magmatic evolution of Tenerife Island. The main difference between the two collapses is the location of the collapse area with respect to the plumbing system. Güímar collapse is located at the periphery of the plumbing system and show no link with the magmatic history. Contrariwise, the Monte Amarelo collapse is located directly above the plumbing system and influence rapidly the superficial plumbing system, and the deep plumbing system in the long term.

Cette thèse a pour ambition d’interroger les positions inévitablement instables que ne cesse de briguer l’écrivain Germano Almeida au sein de la société capverdienne. Partant du principe que l’énonciation littéraire est constitutivement tenue de réfléchir dans l’univers fictionnel qu’elle construit les conditions de sa propre existence, cette étude vise d’abord à montrer comment Germano Almeida met en place des scénographies qui lui permettent de négocier l’inscription de ses œuvres tant dans le champ du pouvoir que dans le champ littéraire du Cap-Vert. Dans la première partie, l’analyse porte sur les rapports spécifiques qu’entretiennent littérature et politique dans un espace d’abord colonial puis post-colonial, l’introduction de l’humour et de l’ironie dans la littérature « savante », la tension entre une oralité revendiquée et une écriture effective qui prend une dimension particulière dans un espace linguistique diglossique et finalement les écarts entre la réception planifiée et la réception effective de son œuvre. La deuxième partie met en évidence la volonté chez Germano Almeida de participer à la configuration de l’espace social capverdien. Si les premières fictions almeidiennes ont systématiquement déconstruit les représentations traditionnellement rurales et intégrées de la société créole, les plus récentes dessinent en définitive les contours d’une société plutôt urbaine qui ne cesse de faire face à la contingence. La troisième partie fait justement ressortir une volonté constante d’inscrire les diverses expériences créoles dans un continuum temporel qui permette non seulement de donner sens au passé mais également d’avoir une meilleure maîtrise de l’avenir et d’échapper ainsi au danger de la répétition carnavalesque de l’histoire. L’étude de ces configurations spatio-temporelles met finalement en évidence le fait que leur énonciateur se conçoit non seulement comme un élément à part entière de la société capverdienne mais également son observateur distancié et donc averti. / This thesis intends to examine the inevitably precarious stances that the writer Germano Almeida constantly seeks out within Cape Verdean society. Starting from the premise that by definition literary expression constitutes a reflection on its own existence within the fictional universe it creates, this study intends, first, to illustrate how Germano Almeida, through his scenography, manages to position his work both within the power structure and on the literary scene of Cape Verde. The first part of the analysis focuses on the special relationship between literature and politics in both colonial and post-colonial society, the inclusion of humor and irony in scholarly literature, the conflict that arises between a well-established oral tradition and actual writing with the latter playing a singular role within a highly differentiated bilingual society. Lastly, the gap between the expected and the real reactions to Almeida’s work is examined. The second part of the analysis illustrates Germano Almeida’s desire to participate actively in shaping Cape Verdean society. If Almeida’s first fictions systematically deconstruct traditional representations of a rural and cohesive Creole society, more recent works definitely depict the traits of a primarily urban society that is forced to constantly deal with contingencies. The third part of this study highlights Almeida’s constant desire to place the diversity of Creole experiences on a time continuum that not only gives meaning to the past but also provides greater command of the future and the possibility to thus avoid the danger of grotesquely repeating history. In the end, the study of these time-space configurations makes it obvious that their author sees himself not only as a full member of Cape Verdean society but also as an objective, and therefore, informed observer.

Submitted by Gustavo Almeida (goalmeida@gmail.com) on 2013-10-22T21:03:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Gustavo_Almeida.pdf: 9198623 bytes, checksum: ad446c14c714354d96cdd1c66d229075 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2013-11-11T13:42:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Gustavo_Almeida.pdf: 9198623 bytes, checksum: ad446c14c714354d96cdd1c66d229075 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-11-11T17:47:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Gustavo_Almeida.pdf: 9198623 bytes, checksum: ad446c14c714354d96cdd1c66d229075 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-11T17:47:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Gustavo_Almeida.pdf: 9198623 bytes, checksum: ad446c14c714354d96cdd1c66d229075 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-27 / A presente pesquisa apresentou como seu objetivo principal verificar as relações entre valores, atitude em relação ao empreendedorismo (AE) e intenção empreendedora (IE) em um estudo comparativo com universitários de graduação em Administração das Cinco Regiões Brasileiras e Cabo Verde. O instrumento de pesquisa foi composto por um questionário sócio demográfico, a escala de Valores Humanos – Questionário de Perfis de Valores de Schwartz(2001) e o Questionário de Intenção Empreendedora de Liñán & Chen (2009). Após o consentimento livre e informado, os alunos responderam o instrumento de pesquisa, perfazendo um total de 1561 respostas válidas. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados nos Softwares: SPSS 21 e AMOS 21 para a produção de Estatísticas Descritivas, Análises de Confiabilidade, Análises de Correlação, Análise de Variância (ANOVA), Gráficos, Análise Fatorial Confirmatória e Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (SEM). Os modelos utilizaram a Teoria de Ação Racional (FISHBEIN & AJZEN,1971) e Teoria do Comportamento Planejado(AJZEN,1991), testando o impacto dos valores nas atitudes e intenções. Os resultados indicaram que os valores de Estimulação, Poder e Hedonismo foram tiveram os maiores efeitos na IE e na AE. Diferenças significativas foram encontradas entre os gêneros, com os homens apresentando maior IE e AE. Diferenças regionais foram encontradas. Limitações, implicações práticas e teóricas, além de sugestões para pesquisas futuras são apresentadas. / This research aimed to examine the relationships between values, attitudes towards entrepreneurship (AE) and entrepreneurial intention (IE) in a comparative study with undergraduate Business students from the five Brazilian regions and Cape Verde. The survey instrument was composed by a demographic questionnaire, the scale of human values - Values Portrait Questionnaire – from Schwartz (2001), and Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire authored by Liñán & Chen (2009). After informed consent, the students answered the survey instrument, rendering a total of 1561 valid responses. Data was tabulated and analyzed in the software: SPSS 21 and AMOS 21 for the production of Descriptive Statistics, Reliability Analysis, Correlation Analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Graphics, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The models used the Theory of Reasoned Action (FISHBEIN & AJZEN, 1971) and Theory of Planned Behavior (AJZEN, 1991), testing the impact of values in attitudes and entrepreneurial intention. The results indicated that the values of Stimulation, Hedonism and Power had the greatest effect on IE and AE. Significant differences were found between genders, with men sporting a higher IE, and more positive attitude towards entrepreneurship. Regional differences were also found. Limitations, practical and theoretical implications, and suggestions for future research are presented.

État insulaire situé au large des côtes sénégalo-mauritaniennes, le Cap-Vert a été peuplé à partir dela fin du 15e siècle de colons européens et d’esclaves africains. Il a hérité de cette histoire, unesituation diglossique où le portugais est la langue officielle alors que le créole, aujourd’hui dénommé« langue cap-verdienne », – né des contacts linguistiques luso-africains – est le véhicule del’expression quotidienne. L’histoire de la société cap-verdienne plonge aussi ses racines dans cellede l’émigration et de la mobilité nationale et internationale. Si les conditions climatiques ont pousséde nombreux Cap-Verdiens à l’exil, aussi bien en Afrique qu’en Europe ou aux Etats-Unis, leshandicaps d’ordre structurel ont, par ailleurs, favorisé les migrations constantes des îliens à l’échellemondiale.À partir d’enquêtes menées aussi bien au Cap-Vert qu’en France, sont étudiées les différences decompétences langagières entre des Cap-Verdiens ayant acquis leur(s) langue(s) dans chacun deces pays. L’analyse s’appuie essentiellement sur leurs parcours personnels et accorde une attentionparticulière aux formes de bilinguisme des uns et des autres. Les observations, qui portent a priorisur le créole, le portugais et le français, prennent en compte des productions orales spontanées etprovoquées et des productions écrites, car elles sont révélatrices de la compétence orale. / Island state located off the Senegalese-Mauritanian coast, Cape Verde was inhabited from the late15th century by European settlers and African slaves. He inherited this story, a diglossic situationwhere Portuguese is the official language while Creole, now called « Cape Verdean language », -born of Luso-African language contacts – is the vehicle of everyday expression. The history of CapeVerdean society is also rooted in that of emigration and national and international mobility. If weatherconditions have prompted many Cape Verdean to exile, both in Africa than in Europe or the UnitedStates, structural handicaps have also favored the constant migrations of islanders worldwide.Through surveys conducted both in Cape Verde and France, are studied differences in languageproficiency between Cape Verdean who acquired their languages in each of these countries. Theanalysis is based primarily on their personal journeys and pays particular attention to the forms ofbilingualism of each other. The study, which focuses at first on Creole, Portuguese and French,include spontaneous and induced oral productions, and written productions, which are indicative oforal proficiency.

No description available.

The Raso lark is a Critically Endangered bird endemic to the islet of Raso, Cape Verde. This thesis investigates two phenomena that particularly put the species at risk: its extreme fluctuations in population size, and its potentially very low genetic diversity arising from small population size and severe past population contraction. More specifically, two chapters estimate year-to-year survival and explore the factors - environmental and individual - that influence it, while two other chapters examine the lark’s genetic characteristics compared to its two continental closest relatives, including phylogenetic relationships and levels of genetic diversity. The conclusion of the thesis then uses these results to make recommendations for the conservation of the Raso lark. Each of the data chapters is summarized below: Chapter 3 estimates adult survival in the Raso lark and tests whether it could be linked to two population phenomena observed in the field: a highly variable population size and a male-biased sex ratio in certain years. Using a dataset spanning 10 years, I estimated survival for both sexes to fluctuate between 0.76 and 0.94 over this period. This is much higher than the survival rate of its closest relative, the skylark. I also found strong evidence for survival fluctuating over time and differing between males and females (with males having higher survival until 2011, at which point the trend inverted), which could play a role in the aforementioned population size fluctuations and male-biased sex ratio, respectively. Chapter 4 aims at understanding which factors shape survival in the Raso lark. Two types of variables were considered: year-dependent (rainfall, population size, population mean clutch size) and individual-dependent (age, body size characters, size ratio with mate, Ase18 genotype). Amongst the year-dependent variables, only sameyear rainfall impacted survival, with a 13% decrease in survival in the wettest year compared to the driest year, making it the most likely explanation for the inter-annual fluctuations in survival found in Chapter 3. Results also hint at some of the individual factors - morphological measurements and Ase18 genotype - influencing survival. The picture that emerges is that of a species whose life history strategy is to invest heavily in maintenance and survival, but less into fecundity, which stands in sharp contrast with the mainland-dwelling skylark. This is consistent with the theory that island birds generally have slower life history strategies than their continental counterparts. Chapter 5 determines the precise relationship between members of the Alauda clade, resolving a node on the phylogenetic tree of all larks that the study by Alström et al. (2013) was unable to resolve. My RADseq results indicate that the Raso lark and the skylark are sister species, and that the Oriental lark is likely to be a subpopulation, or maybe a subspecies, of the skylark. Chapter 6 compares the population genetics of the Raso lark with those of the skylark. In particular, it estimates the genetic diversity of the Raso lark and investigates the drivers behind it. I found unexpectedly high nucleotide diversity in the Raso lark, and explain this by showing that the population contraction that the species underwent was recent enough for most of the diversity to still be present. Moreover, 16% of the Raso lark genome has levels of heterozygosity on average 6.6 times higher than elsewhere on the genome, likely due to suppressed recombination and the existence of a neo-sex chromosome in larks. Despite this, I found high levels of relatedness and of linkage disequilibrium in the Raso lark, two clear genetic signs that it underwent a severe population contraction several centuries ago.