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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
211

Alterações cardiovasculares após maratona: marcadores de injúria e fadiga cardíaca / Cardiovascular changes after marathon: injury markers and cardiac fatigue

Sierra, Ana Paula Rennó 30 January 2015 (has links)
O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar as repercussões clínicas e na capacidade cardiopulmonar, resultantes das alterações agudas morfofuncionais cardíacas e dos marcadores de injúria miocárdica após a realização de uma maratona, assim como a influência dos polimorfismos da ECA e BNP. Para tanto, 74 maratonistas, que participariam da XIX Maratona Internacional de São Paulo 2013 foram submetidos aos seguintes procedimentos: anamnese, exame físico, avaliação física, ecocardiograma, eletrocardiograma, bem como um teste cardiopulmonar. 24 horas antes da maratona, foi realizada uma coleta de sangue, em jejum. No terceiro momento, imediatamente antes da maratona, os atletas foram submetidos a medida de peso e bioimpedância elétrica a fim de caracterizar a quantidade de água corporal. Imediatamente após a maratona, os atletas foram submetidos a medida de peso, bioimpedância elétrica, coleta de sangue e ecocardiograma. 24 e 72 horas após a maratona, os atletas foram submetidos a coleta de sangue. No sétimo e último momento, entre três e quinze dias apos a maratona, novamente um teste cardiopulmonar. Os principais resultados foram: a) Houveram alterações estatisticamente significativas em todos os marcadores de injúria miocárdica no período após a maratona, sem retorno aos valores basais 72 horas após a maratona, exceto para troponina; b) Não houve correlação linear entre os marcadores relacionados a isquemia e morte celular e o BNP. Porém, houve correlação cúbica entre o BNP e a troponina, além da correlação entre todos os marcadores de injúria relacionados a isquemia e morte, com efeito baixo deles na troponina, na análise de regressão linear; c) Houve influência da idade e experiência de treinamento na liberação de troponina e BNP, e da intensidade de realização da prova nos outros marcadores; d) Houve influência das características ecocardiográficas na liberação de troponina; e) O aumento das capacidades pulmonares na espirometria de repouso, assim como na ventilação do 2º limiar e pico no teste cardiopulmonar correlacionaram-se significativamente com a queda de hemoglobina ocorrida nos dias após a maratona; f) A redução dos níveis de hemoglobina e hematócrito nos maratonistas, 24 e 72 horas após a maratona, caracterizam a anemia do atleta; g) Não houve correlação entre os polimorfismos da ECA e do BNP e as características ecocardiográficas relacionadas ao coração de atleta, porém há correlação com a liberação de BNP após a maratona / The aims of this study was to verify the clinical implications and in the cardiopulmonary capacity resulting from acute cardiac morphofunctional changes and myocardial injury markers after a marathon, as well as the influence of ACE and BNP polymorphisms. Therefore, 74 marathon runners, which participate in the XIX International Marathon of São Paulo in 2013, underwent the following procedures: anamnesis, physical examination, fitness assessment, echocardiogram, electrocardiogram and a cardiopulmonary exercise testing. 24 hours before the marathon, a blood collect was held. Immediately before the marathon, athletes underwent measurement of weight and bioelectrical impedance to characterize the amount of body water. Immediately after the marathon, athletes underwent weight measurement, electrical impedance, blood collect and echocardiogram. 24 and 72 hours after the marathon athletes collected blood. In the seventh and final time between three and fifteen days after the marathon, a cardiopulmonary exercise test was performed. The main results were: a) There were statistically significant changes in all myocardial injury markers in the period after the marathon, which didn\'t return to basal values 72 hours after marathon, except to cardiac troponins; b) There was no linear correlation between the marker related to ischemia and cell death and the BNP. However, there cubic correlation between BNP and troponin, in addition to the correlation between all markers of injury related to cellular ischemia and death, with low effect on troponin in the linear regression analysis; c) Age and training experience affected the release of troponin and BNP, and intensity affected the others markers; d) There was influence of echocardiographic features in the release of troponin; e) The increase in lung capacity in spirometry as well as ventilation of the second threshold and peak in the cardiopulmonary test were significantly correlated with the decrease in haemoglobin occurred after marathon; f) The reduction of haemoglobin and haematocrit levels in marathon runners, 24 and 72 hours after marathon called athletes anaemia; g) There was no correlation between ACE and BNP polymorphisms and echocardiographic features related to the athlete\'s heart, but correlation with the release of BNP after marathon
212

Associação entre o trabalho de caminhada de seis minutos e a capacidade aeróbia de pico em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica

Poersch, Karla January 2009 (has links)
O teste de exercício cardiopulmonar incremental (TECP) tem sido utilizado para avaliar o impacto global da doença em pacientes com DPOC. Considerando que as avaliações de exercício em laboratório são demoradas, caras e muitas vezes indisponíveis, o teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6min) não exige equipamentos caros e sofisticados, e pode ser facilmente realizado. Embora, a principal medida comumente utilizada no teste de caminhada seja a distância percorrida durante os 6 minutos (D), esta medida não leva em conta as diferenças de peso corpóreo, que podem influenciar o desempenho do exercício. Além disso, estudos anteriores correlacionaram o trabalho realizado durante o TC6min com TECP incremental pedalando, modalidade de exercício comumente associada a fadiga de quadríceps e menor consumo de oxigênio de pico ( O2) do que o TECP caminhando. O principal objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a correlação entre a distância percorrida no TC6min (D) e o produto distância percorrida - peso corporal (DxP), uma estimativa do trabalho realizado durante o TC6min, com o O2 de pico obtido durante o TECP incremental em esteira ergométrica. Foram estudados trinta pacientes (19 homens), apresentando média (± DP) de idade de 66,3 ± 7,5 anos, com DPOC estável de moderada a grave intensidade (VEF1 médio de 1,1 ± 0,4L e 39 ± 13% predito) que realizaram TECP incremental em esteira ergométrica até o limite máximo de tolerância e o TC6min. Os testes foram realizados com pelo menos 48 horas de intervalo. A correlação de Pearson foi utilizada para avaliar o nível de associação entre o O2 pico, a distância e o trabalho executado durante o TC6min. Os pacientes percorreram 425,1 ± 78,6 m e realizaram um trabalho de 28166,4 ± 8368,4 Kg-m durante o TC6min, enquanto que o O2 de pico atingido foi 965,6 ± 370,1 mL/min (68,7 ± 17,4% do previsto) no TCPE. Ao final do exercício, em ambos os testes, a dispnéia foi a principal queixa e maior percepção de dispnéia e maior frequência cardíaca foi observado ao final do TECP comparativamente ao TC6min. O trabalho da caminhada (DxP) durante o TC6min demonstrou maior correlação com o O2 pico do que a distância (D) isoladamente. O mesmo ocorreu para VEF1, CVF, CI, DLCO, CO2, E e duplo produto (uma estimativa do trabalho do miocárdio), (r = 0,57; r = 0,57; r = 0,73; r = 0,7; r = 0,75; r = 0,65; r = 0,51; r = 0,4 respectivamente, todos com p <0,05). Dessa forma, esse estudo corrobora a melhor associação entre o trabalho estimado a partir da TC6min e o O2 pico atingido durante TECP, neste caso em esteira ergométrica, em comparação à distância isoladamente. / Incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is increasingly used to evaluate the overall impact of the illness in patients with COPD. Whereas laboratory tests of exercise performance are often time-consuming, costly and frequently unavailable, the six-minute walk test (6MWT) does not require expensive or sophisticated equipments, and can be easily performed. Although, the main outcome measure commonly used in this field test is the distance walked during the predetermined 6 minutes (6MWD), this measure does not account for differences in body weight that are known to influence exercise performance. Furthermore, previous studies correlated the working performed during 6MWT with incremental cycling CPET, an exercise modality more associated with quadriceps fatigability and lower peak oxygen consumption ( O2) than incremental walking tests. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the correlation between 6MWD and its derivative walking distance-body weight product, an estimation of the work performed during 6MWT, with peak O2 obtained during a treadmill incremental CPET. The study enrolled thirty patients (19 males), with a mean (± SD) age of 66.3 ± 7.5 years and a stable moderate-to-severe COPD (ie, mean FEV1 1.1 ± 0.4L and 39 ± 13 % predicted) performed a ramp incremental CPET to the limit of tolerance on a treadmill and 6MWT. Tests were performed at least 48 h apart. Pearson´s correlation was used to assess the level of association between peak O2 and the distance and work executed during 6MWT. The patients walked 425.1 ± 78.6 m and performed a work of 28,166.4 ± 8368.4 (Kg-m) during the 6MWT while achieved a peak O2 of 965.6 ± 370.1 mL/min (68.7 ± 17.4% of predicted) in the treadmill CPET. They mainly stopped exercise due to dyspnea in both tests and reported a greater perception of dyspnea and higher heart rate was observed at the end of the CPET. The work of walking during the 6-MWT (DxW) provided greater and more frequent significant correlation with peak O2 than that observed with 6MWD.This was the case for FEV1, FVC, IC, DLCO, CO2, E, and double product (an estimate of myocardial work) (r=0.57; r=0.57; r=0.73; r=0.7; r=0.75; r=0.65; r=0.51 and r= 0.4, respectively; all p<0.05). This study provides evidence to corroborate the better association between the work estimated from the 6MWT and peak O2 achieved during CPET, in this case with a treadmill, than the 6MWD on isolation.
213

Ambiente virtual de aprendizagem em reanimação cardiorrespiratória em neonatologia / Virtual learning environment in neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Rita de Cassia Vieira Rodrigues 20 May 2008 (has links)
O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver e avaliar um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem em reanimação cardiorrespiratória em Neonatologia. Consiste em um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem voltado ao ensino, atualização e capacitação de alunos de Graduação em Enfermagem. O estudo constituiu-se de uma pesquisa metodológica aplicada e de produção tecnológica. A metodologia para criação de ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem utilizou cinco fases: análise, desenho, desenvolvimento, avaliação e administração. O planejamento e o desenvolvimento do conteúdo e de todas as situações didáticas tiveram como base o design instrucional contextualizado, que propõe o desenho de atividades sistemáticas de ensino-aprendizagem em conformidade com o contexto, as necessidades e objetivos do aprendiz. Assim, o resultado foi a criação do ambiente virtual de aprendizagem denominado ENFNET. Este ambiente multimídia encontra-se hospedado no servidor da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo e apresenta hipertextos, recursos de áudio, vídeo, imagens e simulação de casos clínicos. A avaliação do ENFNET foi realizada por alunos do Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem e por especialistas nas áreas de Informática, Educação, Neonatologia e Educação a Distância. Os especialistas em Informática avaliaram aspectos relacionados ao tempo de resposta, qualidade da interface, ferramentas e recursos utilizados no ambiente virtual de aprendizagem. Os alunos e demais especialistas avaliaram os seguintes elementos: aspectos educacionais, interface do ambiente e recursos didáticos. O ENFNET foi avaliado positivamente na maioria dos itens investigados e mostrou-se como uma estratégia importante para auxiliar na aprendizagem, no desenvolvimento de habilidades e na capacitação profissional em enfermagem. Concluiu-se que, a metodologia de desenvolvimento utilizada foi fundamental para criar um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem dinâmico que poderá propiciar a aprendizagem ativa, a experimentação e a vivência de situações reais do cotidiano da profissão, bem como a capacitação do aluno para exercitar a tomada de decisões e atitudes de liderança em situações de urgências neonatais, baseadas na simulação de casos reais, promovendo o saber fazer reflexivo com o uso das tecnologias da informática e da informação / The objective of this study was to develop and to evaluate a virtual environment of learning in the Attendance of Neonatal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation directed toward education continued in nursing. It constituted an applied methodological research and a technological production. The methodology used to develop the virtual learning environment was composed by five phases: analysis, drawing, development, evaluation and administration. The planning and development of the content and all the didactic situations were based on contextualized instructional design, which considers the drawing of systematic activities about teaching and learning in compliance with the context, the necessities and objectives of the apprentice. Thus, the result was the creation of the virtual learning environment named ENFNET. This multimedia environment is hosted in the server of the Nursing School at the University of São Paulo and presents hypertexts, audio and video resources, images and clinical cases simulation. The ENFNET evaluation was done by pupils of the Graduation Course in Nursing and by specialists in areas Computer science, Education, Neonatologia and Distance Education areas. Computer science specialists evaluated aspects referring to reply time, interface quality and tools and resources used in the virtual learning environment. The evaluation carried through for the pupils and the other specialists corresponded to the following elements: educational aspects, environment interface and didactic resources. The ENFNET was positively evaluated in the majority of investigated items and revealed itself as an important strategy to assist in learning, the abilities development and the professional qualification of the user. In conclusion, the development methodology used was fundamental to create a dynamic virtual learning environmental that might be able to provide an active learning, experimentation and the existence of real urgency neonatal situations, starting from real cases simulation, promoting the reflexive know how to do with the use of computer and information technologies
214

Atendimentos realizados por times de respostas rápidas em hospitais / Care by rapid response teams in hospitals

Alexsandro de Oliveira Dias 18 December 2017 (has links)
A segurança do paciente tornou-se indispensável para o sistema de saúde, portanto iniciativas vêm sendo implantadas, no decorrer dos anos, com vistas a reduzir os eventos adversos. A atuação do time de resposta rápida (TRR) consolida-se como estratégia para prover atendimento ao paciente que apresente sinais de deterioração clínica no setor de internação geral em hospitais. O serviço é formado por equipe multiprofissional capacitada para prestar tratamento intensivo ao paciente com quadro de deterioração clínica aguda no setor de internação, por meio de códigos (amarelo e azul) instituídos para seu acionamento, com vistas a reduzir a probabilidade de agravamento do quadro clínico ou risco de óbito imediato do paciente, durante o seu período de hospitalização. O estudo objetiva caracterizar as exigências críticas nos atendimentos emergenciais realizados por TRR, em um hospital público no estado do Paraná e um filantrópico no estado de São Paulo. Pesquisa descritiva, exploratória, qualitativa, com utilização da Técnica do Incidente Crítico como guia do processo metodológico, realizada por meio de entrevistas com 19 médicos, 20 fisioterapeutas e 23 enfermeiros. Os resultados encontrados foram agrupados em 89 incidentes críticos extraídos das entrevistas. A análise dos dados constou da identificação e do agrupamento de 220 comportamentos e 130 consequências. A partir das situações, comportamentos e consequências identificadas, destacam-se a necessidade da melhoria na via aferente do TRR (reconhecimento da deterioração clínica e acionamento do TRR na unidade), a capacitação dos profissionais das unidades de internação para exercer as habilidades técnicas iniciais necessárias frente ao atendimento de emergência até a chegada do TRR, a falha na interação entre os diversos profissionais durante o atendimento do código azul com prejuízo na sistematização do atendimento de emergência para reverter o quadro de parada cardiorrespiratória dos pacientes e os sentimentos e emoções negativas geradas nos profissionais como dificultadores dos atendimentos emergenciais em código azul. Em relação aos destaques positivos a partir das situações, comportamentos e consequências identificados, ressaltam-se o tempo de chegada do TRR na unidade para realizar o atendimento de emergência, a sistematização do atendimento de reanimação cardiopulmonar realizada pela equipe multiprofissional, o restabelecimento das funções vitais do paciente após o atendimento e a sua transferência após a finalização do atendimento da unidade de internação para um ambiente de cuidados intensivos. Como principais sugestões ao TRR, os entrevistados pontuaram a importância da capacitação de atendimento de emergência aos profissionais das unidades de internação, a necessidade de mantê-los atuando exclusivamente no TRR, o número adequado de profissionais no quarto durante o atendimento de emergência e a importância do registro em prontuário do paciente sobre a decisão de não reanimação frente aos cuidados paliativos. Destaca-se a expressiva frequência dos resultados positivos comparados aos negativos que permearam as situações, comportamentos e consequências decorrentes das entrevistas. Infere-se que mesmo ocorrendo dificuldades, enfrentadas por esses profissionais durante os atendimentos realizados aos pacientes que se tornam críticos nas enfermarias, predominaram os relatos positivos nas diversas categorias que legitimaram a importância da implantação desse serviço, como contribuição à qualidade e segurança dos que estão hospitalizados / Patient safety has become indispensable for the health system. Therefore, initiatives have been implemented over the years to reduce adverse events. The performance of the Rapid Response Team (RRT) has been consolidated as a strategy to provide care to patients who get in critical conditions at the general hospital admission unit. The service is constituted by a multiprofessional team with an approach in the intensive treatment of patients with signs of acute clinical deterioration in the inpatient unit, through codes established for its activation, in order to reduce the probability of worsening of the clinical condition or imminent death risk of the patient during the hospitalization period. The study aims to characterize the critical requirements in emergency care provided by the RRT at a public hospital in the state of Paraná and a philanthropic hospital in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. This is a descriptive, exploratory study with a qualitative approach, adopting the Critical Incident Technique to guide the methodological procedures, performed with 62 health professionals, being 19 physicians, 20 physiotherapists and 23 nurses. The results were grouped into 89 critical incidents extracted from the interviews. Data analysis consisted of the identification and grouping of 220 behaviors and 130 consequences. Based on the situations, behaviors and consequences identified, there is a need to improve the afferent pathway of RRT (recognition of clinical deterioration and activation of the RRT in the unit), the qualification of the professionals of the inpatient units to perform the necessary initial technical skills in the emergency response until the arrival of the RRT, the failure in the interaction among the different professionals during blue-code care with negative effects for the systematization of emergency care to revert the patients\' CPA and the negative feelings and emotions generated in the professionals as impediments to code-blue emergency care. Regarding the positive highlights from the situations, behaviors and consequences identified, the arrival time of the RRT in the unit to perform the emergency care, the systematization of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation service performed by the multiprofessional team, the restoration of the patient\'s vital functions after the care and transfer of the patient after the end of the care from the inpatient unit to an intensive care environment. As the main suggestions to the RRT, the interviewees pointed out the importance of emergency care training for the professionals of the inpatient units, the need to keep the professionals working exclusively in the RRT, the appropriate number of professionals in the room during emergency care and the importance of registering the patient\'s decision not to reanimate in the patient file in view of palliative care. The significant frequency of positive over negative results was highlighted, which permeated the situations, behaviors and consequences deriving from the interviews. It is inferred that, even though these professionals encountered difficulties during the visits to patients who became critical in the wards, the positive reports predominated in the various categories that legitimized the importance of implementing this service, as a contribution to the quality and safety of hospitalized patients
215

Teoria da Aprendizagem Transformativa aplicada em capacitação sobre Suporte Básico de Vida no contexto de trabalho de uma indústria metalúrgica / Theory of Transformative Learning applied to habilitation on Basic Life Support in the work environment of a metallurgy industry

Sarah de Moraes Alves Almeida 21 December 2016 (has links)
Este estudo objetivou desenvolver, implementar e avaliar uma estratégia de capacitação para trabalhadores de uma indústria metalúrgica do interior do Estado de Minas Gerais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa estruturada a partir da Teoria da Aprendizagem Transformativa, que tem como elementos centrais: a experiência individual, a reflexão crítica, o diálogo, a orientação holística, a consciência do contexto e a prática autêntica. Como método estratégico de desenvolvimento optou- se pelo Círculo Epistemológico, sendo desenvolvido em três fases: 1a ) Investigação: realizada por meio de Grupos Focais para a identificação da percepção dos trabalhadores sobre seus riscos ocupacionais, acidentes mais frequentes e necessidades de aprendizado em relação a Primeiros Socorros; 2a ) Tematização: em que foi desenvolvida e implementada a capacitação em Suporte Básico de Vida; e 3a ) Proposição: na qual buscou-se as impressões dos participantes sobre a capacitação realizada e sinais da busca pela transformação do contexto vivido por meio da técnica do Círculo de Cultura. Participaram da capacitação 54 trabalhadores, os quais fazem parte da Brigada de Incêndio e são locados em diversos setores da empresa. Como resultados, obteve-se na 1a etapa as seguintes categorias: riscos, acidentes, melhorias na segurança, dificuldades e necessidades de capacitação em primeiros socorros. Os trabalhadores relataram a necessidade de capacitação relacionada ao atendimento a vítimas de Parada Cardiorrespiratória e, devido à importância deste tema, o mesmo foi priorizado na 2a etapa. Assim, a 2a etapa foi realizada com o tema \"Suporte Básico de Vida - Ressuscitação Cardiopulmonar e uso do Desfibrilador Externo Automático\". A capacitação, com carga horária de oito horas, contou com a participação intensa dos educandos, tendo sido utilizadas dinâmicas de grupo, práticas com manequins e estudos de casos. A 3a etapa aconteceu logo após o curso, dentro das oito horas, e os discursos foram categorizados da seguinte forma: a estratégia metodológica - percepção dos educandos, o que muda para os pesquisandos a partir desta capacitação e atitudes práticas que podem ser tomadas a partir desta capacitação. Este estudo mostrou que o diálogo e a reflexão crítica, num processo participativo de capacitação, podem facilitar mudanças de comportamento capazes de transformar a realidade do trabalho. Os trabalhadores referiram sentir-se mais seguros após a realização das práticas e das discussões grupais e relataram soluções viáveis e compatíveis com o seus contextos de vida e de trabalho. A percepção dos trabalhadores retrata que a aprendizagem transformativa pode provocar mudanças no comportamento individual e coletivo no contexto do trabalho, incluindo atitudes críticas e reflexivas em um sistema de referência mais amplo. Portanto, a aplicação dos conceitos da Teoria da Aprendizagem Transformativa em capacitações de trabalhadores pode contribuir para a transformação das práticas de trabalho / This study identified the perception of workers about occupational risks, experiences with accidents in the work environment and the need for habilitation in First Aid and, therefore, to develop, implement and evaluate a habilitation strategy for brigade workers in a metallurgy industry in the State of Minas Gerais. This is a structured qualitative research based on the Transformative Learning Theory, which has as central elements: individual experience, critical reflection, dialog, holistic orientation, context awareness and authentic experience. The Epistemological Circle was adopted and was developed in three stages: 1st) Investigation: done through Focus Groups for the identification of worker\'s perception about occupational risks, most frequent accidents, difficulties as brigade member and their learning needs on First Aid; 2nd) Thematization: in which habilitation in Basic Life Support was developed and implemented; and 3rd) Proposal: where participants\' impressions about the concluded habilitation. Fifty four workers took part in the course, all of them belonged to the Fire Brigade and were located in several sectors of the company. The main results obtained in the first stage, fell in the following categories: risks, accidents, improvements in security, difficulties and needs for habilitation in first aid. The workers reported the need for greater habilitation on emergency service for victims with cardiopulmonary arrest and, due to its importance, it was selected for the 2nd stage. Thus, this stage was done with the theme \"Basic Life Support - Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and the use of an automated external defibrillator\". Habilitation, with a class load of eight hours, had intense participation of the workers, and group dynamics, practices with dummies and case studies were used. The 3rd stage was done immediately after the course, with the eight hours, and the discoursed were divided into the following categories: methodological strategy - perception by the participants, what changes for them after the habilitation and the practices that can be done afterwards. This study demonstrated that dialog and the critical reflection, in a participative habilitation process can enable behavior changes capable of transforming the work environment. The workers stated that they felt more secure after the practices and group discussions, and reported viable and compatible solutions with their life and work contexts. The workers perception portraits that transformative learning can bring changes in individual and collective behavior in the work context, including critical and reflexive attitudes in a broader reference system. Therefore, the application of concepts from Transformative Learning Theory in worker habilitation can contribute for the transformation of their work practices
216

Objetos contemporâneos para ensino-aprendizagem da ressuscitação cardiopulmonar / Contemporary objects for teaching-learning of cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Alves, Mateus Goulart 06 April 2018 (has links)
O processo de ensino-aprendizagem na contemporaneidade deve ser motivo de inquietude pelo avanço da tecnologia e pelo perfil dos nativos digitais. O uso de Tecnologias Educacionais Digitais (TED) deve ser inserido no ensino de Ressuscitação Cardiopulmonar (RCP). A American Heart Association (AHA) incentiva o ensino da RCP em diferentes modalidades. Objetivo: Desenvolver TED - videoaula, vídeo de simulação, e instrumentos de avaliação - teórico e prático, sobre RCP no adulto em Suporte Básico de Vida (SBV), com o uso do Desfibrilador Externo Automático (DEA), no ambiente hospitalar. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa aplicada e de produção tecnológica desenvolvida na Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (EERP/USP). A população foi composta por 16 experts em Urgência e Emergência (UE). Para a avaliação e validação, por meio de instrumentos adaptados, do roteiro/script e storyboard de uma videoaula, roteiro/script e storyboard de um vídeo de simulação, questionário e Exame Clínico Objetivo e Estruturado (OSCE), sobre RCP no adulto em SBV com o uso do DEA em ambiente hospitalar. Para seleção dos expertises foi adotado pontuação mínima de cinco pontos nos critérios de Fehring (1987). Na trajetória metodológica para elaboração dos vídeos foi adotado o modelo proposto por Fleming, Reynolds e Wallace (2009) que consiste em Fase I: Pré-produção, Fase II: Produção e Fase III: Pós-produção. Para elaboração do questionário foi aplicado as regras básicas para elaboração de Questão de Múltipla Escolha (QME) do manual do Conselho Nacional de Examinadores Médicos. O OSCE foi elaborado de acordo com as orientações do Medical Concil of Canadá. As diretrizes da AHA publicadas em 2015 foram a primeira literatura adotada. A pesquisa foi aprovada no Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (CEP), conforme Resolução 466/2012. Para a apreciação dos dados foi aplicado estatística descritiva e análise de concordância inter-avaliadores por AC1 de Gwet. Categorização da concordância de acordo com Landis e Koch (1997). Os vídeos foram validados em relação ao objetivo, conteúdo, relevância, ambiente, linguagem verbal e inclusão de tópicos. O questionário e OSCE foram validados em relação à organização, objetividade e clareza. Resultados: Os experts são compostos por enfermeiros (100%), predominância do sexo feminino, idade média de 36,56 anos, média de tempo de formação de 12,93 anos, 93,75% com titulação em mestrado, 93,75% com prática clínica em UE no adulto, distribuídos nas regiões Sudeste, Centro-Oeste e Nordeste do Brasil, 62,5% classificados nos critérios de Fehring (1987), com dez ou mais pontos. Todos os itens dos instrumentos de validação registraram predomínio em respostas positivas. Em relação à concordância inter-avaliadores a videoaula foi classificada em \"concordância moderada\", vídeo de simulação em \"concordância considerável\", questionário e OSCE em \"concordância quase perfeita\". A videoaula foi finalizada em 17 minutos e 17 segundos, o vídeo de simulação com 13 minutos e 22 segundos, o questionário com 20 QME e OSCE com 40 itens. Conclusão: O uso de vídeos e a adoção de instrumentos de avaliação adequados no processo de ensinoaprendizagem é um desafio. Por meio da utilização dos objetos validados neste estudo é possível conduzir estratégias de ensino, pesquisa e extensão em contexto contemporâneo e atualizado / The teaching-learning process in the contemporary world must be cause for concern for the advancement of technology and the profile of digital natives. The use of Digital Educational Technologies (DET) should be inserted in the teaching of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). The American Heart Association (AHA) encourages the teaching of CPR in different modalities. Objective: To develop DET - videotape, simulation video, and evaluation instruments - theoretical and practical, on adult CPR in Basic Life Support (BLS), using the Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) in the hospital setting. Methodology: This is an applied research and technological production developed at the Ribeirão Preto Nursing School of the University of São Paulo (EERP / USP). The population was composed of 16 experts in Urgency and Emergency (UE). For the evaluation and validation, through adapted instruments, of the script/screenplay and storyboard of a videotape, script/screenplay and storyboard of a simulation video, questionnaire and Objective and Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) on adult CPR in BLS with the use of AED in a hospital environment. For selection of the expertises, a minimum score of five points was adopted according to Fehring (1987) criteria. The model proposed by Fleming, Reynolds and Wallace (2009), which consists of Phase I: Pre-production, Phase II: Production and Phase III: Post-production, was adopted. For the preparation of the questionnaire the basic rules for the elaboration of the Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) of the manual of the National Council of Medical Examiners were applied. The OSCE has been developed in accordance with the guidelines of the Medical Council of Canada. The AHA guidelines published in 2015 were the first adopted literature. The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (REC), according to Resolution 466/2012. For the evaluation of the data, descriptive statistics and interrater concordance analysis by Gwet\'s AC1 were applied. Categorization of agreement according to Landis and Koch (1997). The videos were validated in relation to the objective, content, relevance, environment, verbal language and inclusion of topics. The questionnaire and OSCE were validated in relation to organization, objectivity and clarity. Results: The experts are composed by nurses (100%), female predominance, mean age of 36.56 years, average training time of 12.93 years, 93.75% with a master\'s degree, 93.75% with clinical practice in the UE in adults, distributed in the Southeast, Midwest and Northeast regions of Brazil, 62.5% classified as Fehring (1987), with ten or more points. All the items of the validation instruments registered a predominance in positive responses. Regarding inter-rater agreement, the videotape was classified as \"moderate agreement\", simulation video in \"considerable agreement\", questionnaire and OSCE in \"nearperfect agreement\". The videotape was finalized in 17 minutes and 17 seconds, the simulation video with 13 minutes and 22 seconds, the questionnaire with 20 MCQ and OSCE with 40 items. Conclusion: The use of videos and the adoption of appropriate assessment tools in the teaching-learning process is a challenge. Through the use of validated objects in this study it is possible to conduct teaching, research and extension strategies in a contemporary and updated context
217

Heparin coating and cardiotomy suction in cardiopulmonary bypass

Svenmarker, Staffan January 2003 (has links)
<p>The present thesis addresses various means of reducing inflammatory responses associated with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and retransfusion of pericardial suction blood (PSB) during cardiac surgery.</p><p>Four (I-IV) prospective randomised controlled clinical trials comprising 475 patients were performed in the following areas: effects of heparin coating on measures of clinical outcome and memory function (I, II), inflammatory reactions in PSB and its systemic effects after retransfusion using cardiotomy suction or cell salvage (III) and effects of retransfusion of PSB on memory function and release patterns of protein S100B (IV).</p><p>The use of heparin coated CPB-circuits was associated with a decrease of postoperative blood loss (I, II), transfusion requirements (II), shorter stay in hospital (I) decreased postoperative ventilator time (I), lower incidences of atrial fibrillation (II) and neurological deviations (I), reduction in releases of protein S100B (I, II) and lower postoperative creatinine elevation (I, II).</p><p>PSB contained high concentrations of cytokines, complements, myeloperoxidase, free plasma haemoglobin and protein S100B (III, IV). Retransfusion using cardiotomy suction increased the systemic concentrations of free plasma haemoglobin and protein S100B, whereas retransfusion using cell salvage caused no detectable systemic effects (III, IV). CPB was associated with a small but significant release of protein S100B, despite elimination of PSB-contained protein S100B using cell salvage (IV).</p><p>Subtle signs of impaired memory function were identified that were not associated with the use of heparin coated CPB-circuits (I, II) or retransfusion of PSB (IV).</p><p>Key words: cardiopulmonary bypass, oxygenators, heparin, S100 proteins, blood loss, haemostasis, memory, outcome and process assessment.</p>
218

Experimental cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation : A study of cerebral perfusion with special reference to the postresuscitation disturbances

Nozari, Ala January 2000 (has links)
<p>Ischemic neuronal injury continues to be a major delimiting factor in achieving successful clinical outcomesafter resuscitation from cardiac arrest. In this thesis, a pig model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) wasused to address the effects of different interventions on cerebral blood flow and oxygenation during CPR and theinitial postresuscitation period. A novel technique is presented to quantify the reperfusion oxidative injury.</p><p>Maximization of cerebral blood flow during CPR by open-chest cardiac compression, continuous aortic balloon occlusion, and intra-aortic administration of hypertonic saline-dextran (HSD) did not ameliorate thepostresuscitation hypoperfusion or improve the cerebral oxygen extraction ratio or tissue pH. These findings disaffirm earlier studies suggesting that conserving brain viability after global ischemia is mostly a question ofmaintaining high perfusion pressure.</p><p>Despite an increased cerebral perfusion pressure during CPR, intra-aortic administered epinephrineabove the aortic balloon occlusion did not further improve cerebral blood flow and oxygenation. This findingmay indicate adverse effects of epinephrine on cerebral vascular beds, possibly induced by a relatively highconcentration of epinephrine when administered above the site for aortic balloon occlusion.</p><p>The IV administration of equipotent doses of epinephrine or vasopressin during CPR resulted incomparable hemodynamic changes. The peak increase in cerebral cortical blood flow, however, was reachedapproximately 30 sec later by vasopressin. Furthermore, the second bolus of vasopressin during CPR did notaugment cerebral perfusion, whereas epinephrine did. Consequently, reports suggesting that vasopressin issuperior to epinephrine with respect to its effects on central hemodynamics and vital organ blood flow may bebiased by the pharmacodynamic differences between the drugs, depending on the time point at which blood flowmeasurements are performed.</p><p>In comparison with IV vasopressin, vasopressin administered above the aortic balloon occlusion resulted in a significant increase in cerebral perfusion pressure during CPR, but not after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Cerebral cortical blood flow was, however, not improved <i>during</i> CPR, whereas a significant increase was recorded <i>after</i> ROSC. Relatively higher concentrations of vasopressin above the sitefor intra-aortic balloon occlusion may, therefore, predominantly induce cerebral cortical vasoconstriction duringCPR but induce vasodilatation after ROSC.</p><p>Assessment of oxidative stress or inflammation have been extremely difficult to attain. In our pig model of resuscitation, an association wasobserved between the duration of cardiac arrest and jugular bulb levels of 8-iso-PGF<sub>2α</sub>, a major isoprostane and a novel index of oxidative injury. 8-iso-PGF<sub>2α</sub>, and the prostaglandin 15-K-DH-PGF<sub>2α</sub>, increased within 5 min after ROSC and remained so up to 2 h, indicating the interval of time during which cerebral reperfusion oxidative injury and inflammatory response may occur and are potentially preventable.</p>
219

Heparin coating and cardiotomy suction in cardiopulmonary bypass

Svenmarker, Staffan January 2003 (has links)
The present thesis addresses various means of reducing inflammatory responses associated with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and retransfusion of pericardial suction blood (PSB) during cardiac surgery. Four (I-IV) prospective randomised controlled clinical trials comprising 475 patients were performed in the following areas: effects of heparin coating on measures of clinical outcome and memory function (I, II), inflammatory reactions in PSB and its systemic effects after retransfusion using cardiotomy suction or cell salvage (III) and effects of retransfusion of PSB on memory function and release patterns of protein S100B (IV). The use of heparin coated CPB-circuits was associated with a decrease of postoperative blood loss (I, II), transfusion requirements (II), shorter stay in hospital (I) decreased postoperative ventilator time (I), lower incidences of atrial fibrillation (II) and neurological deviations (I), reduction in releases of protein S100B (I, II) and lower postoperative creatinine elevation (I, II). PSB contained high concentrations of cytokines, complements, myeloperoxidase, free plasma haemoglobin and protein S100B (III, IV). Retransfusion using cardiotomy suction increased the systemic concentrations of free plasma haemoglobin and protein S100B, whereas retransfusion using cell salvage caused no detectable systemic effects (III, IV). CPB was associated with a small but significant release of protein S100B, despite elimination of PSB-contained protein S100B using cell salvage (IV). Subtle signs of impaired memory function were identified that were not associated with the use of heparin coated CPB-circuits (I, II) or retransfusion of PSB (IV). Key words: cardiopulmonary bypass, oxygenators, heparin, S100 proteins, blood loss, haemostasis, memory, outcome and process assessment.
220

Experimental cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation : A study of cerebral perfusion with special reference to the postresuscitation disturbances

Nozari, Ala January 2000 (has links)
Ischemic neuronal injury continues to be a major delimiting factor in achieving successful clinical outcomesafter resuscitation from cardiac arrest. In this thesis, a pig model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) wasused to address the effects of different interventions on cerebral blood flow and oxygenation during CPR and theinitial postresuscitation period. A novel technique is presented to quantify the reperfusion oxidative injury. Maximization of cerebral blood flow during CPR by open-chest cardiac compression, continuous aortic balloon occlusion, and intra-aortic administration of hypertonic saline-dextran (HSD) did not ameliorate thepostresuscitation hypoperfusion or improve the cerebral oxygen extraction ratio or tissue pH. These findings disaffirm earlier studies suggesting that conserving brain viability after global ischemia is mostly a question ofmaintaining high perfusion pressure. Despite an increased cerebral perfusion pressure during CPR, intra-aortic administered epinephrineabove the aortic balloon occlusion did not further improve cerebral blood flow and oxygenation. This findingmay indicate adverse effects of epinephrine on cerebral vascular beds, possibly induced by a relatively highconcentration of epinephrine when administered above the site for aortic balloon occlusion. The IV administration of equipotent doses of epinephrine or vasopressin during CPR resulted incomparable hemodynamic changes. The peak increase in cerebral cortical blood flow, however, was reachedapproximately 30 sec later by vasopressin. Furthermore, the second bolus of vasopressin during CPR did notaugment cerebral perfusion, whereas epinephrine did. Consequently, reports suggesting that vasopressin issuperior to epinephrine with respect to its effects on central hemodynamics and vital organ blood flow may bebiased by the pharmacodynamic differences between the drugs, depending on the time point at which blood flowmeasurements are performed. In comparison with IV vasopressin, vasopressin administered above the aortic balloon occlusion resulted in a significant increase in cerebral perfusion pressure during CPR, but not after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Cerebral cortical blood flow was, however, not improved during CPR, whereas a significant increase was recorded after ROSC. Relatively higher concentrations of vasopressin above the sitefor intra-aortic balloon occlusion may, therefore, predominantly induce cerebral cortical vasoconstriction duringCPR but induce vasodilatation after ROSC. Assessment of oxidative stress or inflammation have been extremely difficult to attain. In our pig model of resuscitation, an association wasobserved between the duration of cardiac arrest and jugular bulb levels of 8-iso-PGF2α, a major isoprostane and a novel index of oxidative injury. 8-iso-PGF2α, and the prostaglandin 15-K-DH-PGF2α, increased within 5 min after ROSC and remained so up to 2 h, indicating the interval of time during which cerebral reperfusion oxidative injury and inflammatory response may occur and are potentially preventable.

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