Bakgrund  År 2021 miste minst 19 personer i Sverige livet på grund av våld i en nära relation. Drygt 200 kvinnor om dagen utsätts för denna typ av våld i Sverige, och var tredje kvinna världen över har erfarenheter av våld i nära relation.  Syfte  Syftet var att belysa barriärer i vårdmötet som kan försvåra sjuksköterskans möjlighet att identifiera våld i nära relationer.  Metod  Metoden som användes var en icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt baserad på 13 artiklar med kvalitativ och kvantitativ ansats. Artiklarna som användes hämtades från PubMed och CINAHL. En integrerad innehållsanalys gjordes av artiklar med hög eller medelhög kvalitet enligt Sophiahemmet högskolas granskningsmall.  Resultat  Två huvudkategorier identifierades: “Förutsättningar” och “Yrkesmässigt ansvar”. “Förutsättningar” hade två underkategorier: “Tidsbrist & Screening” samt “Farhågor” och huvudkategorin “Yrkesmässigt ansvar” två underkategorier: “Riktlinjer, styrdokument” och “Utbildning”. Resultatet speglar de barriärer som vårdpersonal upplever när det kommer till att ställa frågor angående våld i nära relationer och sammanfattas som följer: tidsbrist, brist på utbildning, brist på riktlinjer, rädsla för personlig säkerhet, ”victim blaming”, genans, och osäkerhet. Barriärerna resulterar ofta i tillitsbrist från våldsutsatta.  Genom sitt beteende riskerar vårdpersonalen att normalisera det våld som patienten utsatts för. Sjuksköterskan har jämfört med andra professioner en unik förutsättning att nå ut till våldsutsatta.  Slutsats  Ett halvt sekel har gått sedan forskning om våld i nära relationer initierades. Lika länge har sjukvårdspersonal upplevt barriärer som hindrar dem från att identifiera och hjälpa våldsutsatta. Framtida forskning bör fokusera på interventioner med syfte att förändra identifierade problem. / Background  In the year of 2021, 19 people in Sweden lost their lives owing to domestic violence. Over 200 women are subjected daily to this type of violence in Sweden, and every third woman in the world has had experiences of domestic violence.  Aim  The aim was to illustrate barriers in health care encounters which could obstruct nurses’ ability to identify domestic violence.  Method  The method used was a non-systematic literature review based on 13 articles including qualitative and quantitative approaches. Articles were collected from PubMed and CINAHL. An integrated content analysis comprised of the articles scoring high to medium quality according to Sophiahemmet högskolas review template.  Results  In compiling the results, two main categories were identified: “Prerequisites” and “Professional responsibilities”. “Prerequisites” had two subcategories: “Lack of time & Screening” and “Fears” and “Professional responsibility” had two subcategories: “Guidelines, governing documents” and “Education”. The results mirror the barriers health care professionals experience in order to ask questions about domestic violence and can be summarized as follows: Lack of time, education, guidelines & governing documents; victim blaming; disconcertion; and uncertainties. These barriers often result in a lack of trust in health care professionals.  By their actions, health care professionals are risking a normalization of the violence the patient is subjected to. Compared to other professionals, nurses have a unique possibility to reach individuals exposed to domestic violence.  Conclusions  Half a decade has passed since the research of domestic violence initiated. For just as long, health care professionals have experienced barriers preventing them from identifying and treating individuals exposed to domestic violence. Future research should focus on intervention studies, targeting identified problems.

The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of employees in the social care sector regarding servant leadership. Eight employees were interviewed, and the interviews were transcribed. Subsequently, a thematic analysis of the material was conducted. Four themes were identified: "Diverse functions of communication", "Clarity and expectations across professional roles", "Diverse pathways to development anchored in psychological safety",  and "Interpersonal relationships”. Each theme comprised two to four sub-themes. The employees perceived communication through dialogue as pivotal for a functional relationship with their manager. It served not only as a means to address and resolve issues but also as a tool for relationship-building. Furthermore, the employees discussed their differing expectations on the manager and of themselves. The aspect of trust-based leadership, where the manager is less controlling and provides greater autonomy, was experienced as both beneficial and stressful. The latter was interpreted as a consequence of unclear expectations, leading to performance anxiety. Limited financial resources were perceived as a barrier to development, although this was not attributed to the manager but rather seen as a consequence of political decisions made at higher levels of governance. Trust was perceived as fundamental for fostering a positive relationship between the manager and employees.

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Many child and youth care organisations in South Africa struggle to implement adequate supervision structures for their child and youth care workers. If supervisors in this field had adequate knowledge and skills, they could enable child and youth care workers to grow and develop competently and provide more professional services to troubled young people in South Africa, This qualitative research sought to identify what knowledge and skills supervisors need in child and youth care settings in South Africa to provide effective supervision to workers. This research confirmed that there are specific skills and knowledge required by supervisors in child and youth care settings in South Africa and while there is an awareness of these in some settings, they are not being fully utilised in organised supervision structures. / Social Work / M.Tech. (Child and Youth Care)

Many child and youth care organisations in South Africa struggle to implement adequate supervision structures for their child and youth care workers. If supervisors in this field had adequate knowledge and skills, they could enable child and youth care workers to grow and develop competently and provide more professional services to troubled young people in South Africa, This qualitative research sought to identify what knowledge and skills supervisors need in child and youth care settings in South Africa to provide effective supervision to workers. This research confirmed that there are specific skills and knowledge required by supervisors in child and youth care settings in South Africa and while there is an awareness of these in some settings, they are not being fully utilised in organised supervision structures. / Social Work / M.Tech. (Child and Youth Care)

Child and youth care workers (CYCWs) provide intervention and support to children and youth in child and youth care centres (CYCCs) The purpose of this study was to investigate CYCWs’ knowledge and perceptions of attachment difficulties of children residing in CYCCs and to provide suggestions for social work support. The study adopted the Attachment Theory and Circle of Courage Theory. Drawing on qualitative methodology, 16 participants employed in CYCCs in the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan region, South Africa were purposively selected for in-depth, qualitative interviews. The eight-step data analysis method by Tesch (in Creswell, 2014:198) was used. To ensure trustworthiness of the findings, the researcher mainly used Guba’s model cited in Krefting (1990:214–222).The researcher adhered to prescribed ethical considerations. The study recommended that child and youth care as a profession should be recognised and supported to ensure quality services to children with attachment difficulties living in CYCCs. / Social Work / M. A. (Social Work)

Text in Afrikaans / Children in children’s homes often make use of specific behaviour - defined as contact boundary disturbances in Gestalt theory - as a result of their intense emotional needs, but also to protect themselves or to be assertive in their current environment. This qualitative, applied study aimed to determine and describe the way the child care workers of a rural child and youth care centre manage and experience the contact boundary disturbances of children in the children’s home. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight child care workers. In conducting the study, the researcher found that the child care workers had inadequate knowledge and insight regarding contact boundary disturbances and how to handle it. It was concluded that the management of children’s homes must ensure that training and support are provided to child care workers so that their needs are addressed in order to prevent burnout. Recommendations that will be valuable with respect to the handling skills and emotional experiences of child care workers were made. / Social Work / M. Diac. (Spelterapie)

Text in Afrikaans / Children in children’s homes often make use of specific behaviour - defined as contact boundary disturbances in Gestalt theory - as a result of their intense emotional needs, but also to protect themselves or to be assertive in their current environment. This qualitative, applied study aimed to determine and describe the way the child care workers of a rural child and youth care centre manage and experience the contact boundary disturbances of children in the children’s home. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight child care workers. In conducting the study, the researcher found that the child care workers had inadequate knowledge and insight regarding contact boundary disturbances and how to handle it. It was concluded that the management of children’s homes must ensure that training and support are provided to child care workers so that their needs are addressed in order to prevent burnout. Recommendations that will be valuable with respect to the handling skills and emotional experiences of child care workers were made. / Social Work / M. Diac. (Spelterapie)

Background: Accidental exposure to patients’ body fluids (BFs) is an occupational hazard among health care workers (HCWs). The study aimed at describing the patterns of exposure to patients’ BFs among HCWs at a university hospital in Ethiopia. Methods: A contextual descriptive cross-sectional design was used for this study. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. Results: The one year and professional life prevalence of occupational exposure to patients’ BFs among HCWs was 33.5% and 66.5% respectively. Circumstances that led to participants’ exposures to patients’ BFs include needle stick injuries to fingers and splashes to the eyes (82.4%); conducting procedures included blood withdrawal (10.8%) and inserting intravenous infusions (8.1%) and recapping of used needles (12.2%). Conclusion: Findings of this study generally indicated that occupational exposures to patients’ BF of different types and circumstances were common among all categories of HCWs in the study site. This high finding of BF exposure should not be over looked. HCWs should follow the universal precaution protocol and PEP need to be strengthened / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

Le vieillissement de la population et les différentes réformes du système de santé au Québec ont mené à divers bouleversements, et à un déplacement des soins et des services vers le domicile. Les groupes professionnels travaillant dans le secteur du maintien à domicile ont vu leur travail se transformer et évoluer au fil des ans. Selon R. Bourque (1992), qui s’est intéressée à la professionnalisation du métier d’auxiliaire familiale et sociale dans les années 1980 et au début des années 1990, les auxiliaires familiales et sociales font partie des travailleuses ayant connu le plus de changement dans la nature de leurs tâches depuis leur intégration à l’intérieur de la santé et des services sociaux en 1972. Notre recherche s’intéresse à l’évolution des pratiques professionnelles des auxiliaires familiales et sociales en CLSC au Québec depuis les années 1990. L’étude réalisée à l’aide de huit entretiens semi-dirigés portant sur l’évolution des pratiques des AFS depuis les années 1990, a permis de saisir et de comprendre l’évolution des tâches et des fonctions de ces AFS à partir de leur quotidien. Les résultats démontrent une spécialisation accrue du travail vers les soins d’hygiène et les actes délégués de type infirmier. Toutefois, l’hétérogénéité des pratiques de ces AFS témoigne de la survie de certaines tâches, notamment au niveau des activités de la vie domestique (AVD). L’enjeu majeur de ce groupe professionnel se situe dans la consolidation d’une association plus forte et plus inclusive afin de faire valoir leurs revendications et faire face aux défis qu’elles doivent surmonter au quotidien afin de faire reconnaître leur travail. / The aging population and the various reforms within the health system in Quebec have led to various changes over the years. Professional groups working in the field of home care services have seen their work transformed and evolved over the past decades. According to Bourque (1992), who was interested in the professionalization of home-care workers in the 1980s and the early 1990s, home-care workers are among the workers who experienced the most change in the nature of their tasks since their integration in the Health and Social Services in 1972. Our research focuses on the evolution of the professional practices of home-care workers in CLSC in Quebec since 1990. This study that was realized with semi-structured interviews with eight home-care workers led to understand the evolution of the tasks and functions of these workers. The result of this research shows a growing specialization of their work as well as increased tasks related to nursing care. However, the heterogeneity of these practices demonstrates the survival of certain tasks, particularly in terms of the activities of daily living. The major challenge in this group lies in the consolidation of a stronger and more inclusive association to assert their claims and to meet the challenges they face every day in order to recognize their work.