The planet’s biodiversity is in a worrying state. Palm oil production significantly contributes to biodiversity loss in Southeast Asia, especially in Indonesia. Unfortunately, the different forms of public and private regulation in place have had limited success in regulating the sector and protecting the environment. Three of the biggest palm oil traders – Cargill, Musim Mas, and Wilmar International – were chosen as subjects of an embedded case study to answer whether their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) efforts have the potential to drive transformation in the palm oil sector towards more environmental sustainability.  This thesis contributes to the debate around the role of business actors in Global Governance and their ability to tackle social and environmental problems caused by their business models with CSR. The thesis engages deductively with capitalism-critical theories on CSR. Carol Bacchi’s “What’s the Problem Represented to be?” (WPR) approach will guide a discourse analysis of the 2019 sustainability reports of the three companies regarding their efforts to improve sustainability in the palm oil sector. A comparison with research articles and NGO reports reaches the conclusion that the measures taken by Cargill, Musim Mas, and Wilmar are not enough to improve sustainability sufficiently.

This study examines the framing of environmental policies within two military organisations;the Swedish Armed Forces and the United States’ Department of Defence. Additionally, key similarities and differences between the two were described and discussed, as well as which possibilities and challenges each organisation faces moving forward. By using a two-part method consisting partly of a content analysis performed through the chosen theoretical framework of Human Nature Relationships (HNR), along with Carol Bacchi’s policy analysis tool ‘What’s the problem represented to be’ (WPR) when examining both organisation’s respective sustainability reports from 2020, underlying problems were identified and analysed from a critical environmental perspective. The results show that the two policy documents were framed seemingly differently, where the SAF derives their sustainable efforts from the UN Sustainable Development Goals with these being clearly integrated into the operations internal goals, and the DoD mainly mentions sustainability in relation to a bigger picture of cost efficiency. Despite these differences, at their core the organisations both show signs of upholding environmental worldviews which place humans as more valuable than nature, which can be identified through the recurring priority of fulfilling military interests and thereby perceiving sustainable efforts as important, but inevitably, less than. Therein, the main challenge for both organisations stems from the task of balancing differing interests – military interests contra the needs of nature. Possibilities here arise partly from already existing developments, on part of the SAF, and from financial resources on part of the DoD. The dissertation concludes with a discussion of these aspects along with recommendations for future research.

Abstrakt  I Läroplan för förskolan: Lpfö18 (2018) beskrivs det att barn ska få möjlighet att utveckla adekvat digital kompetens vilket likaså skildras i andra policydokument som berör förskolan. Genom texten och dess innebörd påverkas dock människor på skilda vis och är därför relevanta att utsättas för ifrågasättande för att möjliggöra perspektiv och kunskap kring området (Bergström & Borèus, 2018). Därför syftar denna studie till att undersöka vad adekvat digital kompetens i förskolans policydokument genererar för problemrepresentationer. Studien utgår ifrån ett poststrukturellt perspektiv där en diskursanalys gjorts med hjälp av ”What´s the Problem Represented to be?” (WPR) approach som grundats av Carol Bacchi (2012). Genom att göra en diskursanalys av dessa policydokument kan politikens makt och styrning ifrågasättas och därmed generera andra perspektiv på vad adekvat digital kompetens kan innebära. I studien undersöks tre frågeställningar vilka inriktar sig på problemrepresentation, föreställningar och antaganden samt effekter av adekvat digital kompetens i relation till förskolan. Tre olika policydokument som alla gemensamt berör adekvat digital kompetens i förskolan har analyserats vilka är Utbildningsdepartementets nationella digitaliseringsstrategi (2017), den svenska läroplanen Lpfö18 (2018) och ett stödmaterial som går under rubriken ”Digital kompetens och digitala verktyg i förskolan” vilket publicerats på Skolverket (2022a). Resultatet visar sex kategoriserade problemområden som alla gemensamt inbegriper problemrepresentationer av policydokumentens existens. Dessa är kunskap, förståelse och utveckling, subjektifiering, nutid och framtid, digitalt material, bäst i världen på ”rätt sätt” och likvärdighet och demokrati.

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