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Showing 41 to 48 of 48 (0.021 seconds)| 41 |
離散型動態回復率模型之建構與應用 / Discrete dynamic recovery rate modeling and its application邵惠敏, Shao, Hui Min Unknown Date (has links)
本文主要研究動態回復率之建構。並搭配使用機率勺斗法，將資產之離散損失分配建構出合成型擔保債權憑證分劵損失分配。歸納出離散動態回復率對合成型擔保憑證分劵之風險承擔與信用價差變化。本文發現在動態回復率中，即使在相同條件下有一樣預期損失，能使其債權群組損失分配之標準差較固定回復率小，且可使投資組合巨額損失部份產生厚尾分配現象。動態回復率對各分劵面臨共同存活與違約機率具有緩和或增強分劵承擔風險之作用。在單因子高斯連繫結構靜態違約下，透過隨機回復率能增加動態系統性風險因子之描繪。類似於將系統風險因子分配由標準常態分配改成t分配或是債權群組間違約相關係提高。
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狀態轉換漸進極值因子模型下擔保債權憑證之評價與避險 / Pricing and Hedging of CDOs under a Regime Switching Asymptotic Single Factor Model賴冠宇, Lai, Kuan Yu Unknown Date (has links)
本篇論文使用了LHP的近似方法去評價擔保債權憑證，並推導出漸進極值因子模型，又稱單因子copula模型，單因子copula模型被廣泛運用在CDO之風險管理與一些風險因子模擬之應用，但由於2008年之金融海嘯造成市場標準模型Gaussian copula model會有評價上的誤差，所以為了能在市場不穩定時能更精確的求算出分券價差，我們必須找到一個更簡單且快速捕捉到市場不穩定性的模型。在這篇論文中，我們引用了Anna Schloesser在2009年所提出以NIG copula model為基礎的兩個延伸，讓模型更穩健和且擁有良好的性質去進行模擬，NIG Regime-Switch 模型有兩大特色: (i)可以用一致的方法去評價不同到期日的分券，放寬了同一分券必須是相同到期日的假設，和(ii)有不同的相關係數狀態，對於金融風暴來說，狀態轉換可以有效地降低市場不穩定所帶來的評價誤差。本文也對不同模型下的CDO進行風險分析與避險，分券的期望損失廣泛被信評公司視為一項審定信用評等重要的風險衡量指標，但是並無法真實反映出擔保債權憑證分券之間相對風險之大小，因此本文採用期望損失率的觀念，利用期望損失佔本金的比例來比較各分券之相對風險，且本文也求算出CDO之避險參數，讓投資人了解對合成行擔保債權憑證分券避險時所需之避險部位，分券持有人也可依據所要規避的風險類型，選擇市場上現有的信用違約交換指數或是單一資產之信用違約交換(single-name credit default swap)來進行避險。 / This paper presents the Large Homogeneous Portfolio (LHP) approach to the pricing of CDOs and we derive the one-factor copula model. It is popular that the one-factor copula models are very useful for risk management and measurement applications involving the generation of scenarios for the complete universe of risk factors. However, since the financial crisis in 2008 induces some errors in the valuation by Gaussian copula model, which is originally adopted by credit rating firms, it is necessary to have a simple and fast model that can capture the market unstableness. In this paper we apply two extensions of the NIG copula model, which are first present by Anna Schloesser (2009), since they make the model well defined and powerful for scenario simulation. The NIG Regime-Switch copula model allows for two important features: (i) tranches with different maturities modeled in a consistent way, and (ii) different correlation regimes. The regime-switching component of the NIG copula model is especially important in view of the financial crisis. This paper also targets on different models to conduct risk analysis and hedging strategy. The expected loss of tranches is widely used by credit rating organizations as one of the important indicators for risk measurement. However, it can’t reflect the relative risk level between CDO’s tranches. Therefore, our research adopts the concept of expected loss rate, which use the proportion of expected loss to total principal amount to compare the relative risk of each tranche. Moreover, when we want to hedge the spread risk of synthetic CDO tranches, the holders of tranches can choose the existing CDS index or the single-name CDS based on different risks types to hedge. The employment of the NIG Regime-Switch copula model not only has more precise estimation for the spread of tranches but also possess more stable hedge ratio to hedge.
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單一分券違約信用交換與單一分券擔保債權憑證之評價－Copula方法林晚容 Unknown Date (has links)
銀行承載許多公司借款、各式擔保貸款及各式信用貸款等，使金融機構面臨龐大各式信用風險問題。在新版巴塞爾資本協定針對信用風險之計算方法做了重大修正，其中信用衍生性商品已具有信用風險抵減之功能。故本研究將針對一籃子信用標的針對信用結構式商品中具有量身訂作的單一分券信用違約交換與單一分券擔保債權憑進行更深入之研究並使用加入Vasicek Model特例Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process表示違約強度之隨機動態過程利用類似風險性債券之概念求得出封閉解以替代存活函數，來為簡化起見在無風險利率假設為一固定常數使用Copula方法評價單一分券信用違約交換與單一分券擔保債權憑。
在數值模擬部分，本篇利用實際市場資料建構出一合成單一分券擔保債權憑證產品，先針對違約動態模型與Copula函數之相關參數以實際市場資料做計與校正，再以評價公式以計算出合理信用價差，其結果可知當Copula函數越能描繪具有信用違約相關之信用違約事件，則當發生信用標的資產先後違約聚集情形會越高，以本研究實際產品資料特性而言Clayton Copula最能表現出違維聚集之情形，但在反應在第一次發生違約的權益分券上反而沒有其他兩種Copula函數用蒙地卡羅法所模擬出之違約次數高反而更低，做所求出來的信用價差也相對來的低，反而在反應違約聚集部分的先償違約交換具有較高信用價差。而在VaR值之衡量上可能因信用標的資產比較少，並沒有明顯之差異。
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Americká ekonomická krize 2007-2009 / Economical crisis in the USA 2007-2009Puzanova, Daria January 2009 (has links)
This diploma work describes the financial and economical crisis that has emerged in the USA during the year 2007. In the work the preceding recessions and the flow of the current crisis are being analyzed. Attention is also given to a detailed study of the pre-crisis period in the USA economics and the identification of the root causes of the crisis and their interrelationship. The final part of the work is dedicated to the examination of the crisis consequences and the possible ways of its progress
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Pricing Basket of Credit Default Swaps and Collateralised Debt Obligation by Lévy Linearly Correlated, Stochastically Correlated, and Randomly Loaded Factor Copula Models and Evaluated by the Fast and Very Fast Fourier TransformFadel, Sayed M. January 2010 (has links)
In the last decade, a considerable growth has been added to the volume of the credit risk
derivatives market. This growth has been followed by the current financial market
turbulence. These two periods have outlined how significant and important are the
credit derivatives market and its products. Modelling-wise, this growth has parallelised
by more complicated and assembled credit derivatives products such as mth to default
Credit Default Swaps (CDS), m out of n (CDS) and collateralised debt obligation
(CDO).
In this thesis, the Lévy process has been proposed to generalise and overcome the Credit
Risk derivatives standard pricing model's limitations, i.e. Gaussian Factor Copula
Model. One of the most important drawbacks is that it has a lack of tail dependence or,
in other words, it needs more skewed correlation. However, by the Lévy Factor Copula
Model, the microscopic approach of exploring this factor copula models has been
developed and standardised to incorporate an endless number of distribution alternatives
those admits the Lévy process. Since the Lévy process could include a variety of
processes structural assumptions from pure jumps to continuous stochastic, then those
distributions who admit this process could represent asymmetry and fat tails as they
could characterise symmetry and normal tails. As a consequence they could capture
both high and low events¿ probabilities.
Subsequently, other techniques those could enhance the skewness of its correlation and
be incorporated within the Lévy Factor Copula Model has been proposed, i.e. the
'Stochastic Correlated Lévy Factor Copula Model' and 'Lévy Random Factor Loading
Copula Model'. Then the Lévy process has been applied through a number of proposed
Pricing Basket CDS&CDO by Lévy Factor Copula and its skewed versions and evaluated by V-FFT limiting and mixture cases of the Lévy Skew Alpha-Stable distribution and Generalized
Hyperbolic distribution.
Numerically, the characteristic functions of the mth to default CDS's and
(n/m) th to
default CDS's number of defaults, the CDO's cumulative loss, and loss given default
are evaluated by semi-explicit techniques, i.e. via the DFT's Fast form (FFT) and the
proposed Very Fast form (VFFT). This technique through its fast and very fast forms
reduce the computational complexity from O(N2) to, respectively, O(N log2 N ) and
O(N ).
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Semi-analytische und simulative Kreditrisikomessung synthetischer Collateralized Debt Obligations bei heterogenen Referenzportfolios / Unternehmenswertorientierte Modellentwicklung und transaktionsbezogene Modellanwendungen / Semi-Analytical and Simulative Credit Risk Measurement of Synthetic Collateralized Debt Obligations with Heterogeneous Reference Portfolios / A Modified Asset-Value Model and Transaction-Based Model ApplicationsJortzik, Stephan 03 March 2006 (has links)
No description available.
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Pricing basket of credit default swaps and collateralised debt obligation by Lévy linearly correlated, stochastically correlated, and randomly loaded factor copula models and evaluated by the fast and very fast Fourier transformFadel, Sayed Mohammed January 2010 (has links)
In the last decade, a considerable growth has been added to the volume of the credit risk derivatives market. This growth has been followed by the current financial market turbulence. These two periods have outlined how significant and important are the credit derivatives market and its products. Modelling-wise, this growth has parallelised by more complicated and assembled credit derivatives products such as mth to default Credit Default Swaps (CDS), m out of n (CDS) and collateralised debt obligation (CDO). In this thesis, the Lévy process has been proposed to generalise and overcome the Credit Risk derivatives standard pricing model's limitations, i.e. Gaussian Factor Copula Model. One of the most important drawbacks is that it has a lack of tail dependence or, in other words, it needs more skewed correlation. However, by the Lévy Factor Copula Model, the microscopic approach of exploring this factor copula models has been developed and standardised to incorporate an endless number of distribution alternatives those admits the Lévy process. Since the Lévy process could include a variety of processes structural assumptions from pure jumps to continuous stochastic, then those distributions who admit this process could represent asymmetry and fat tails as they could characterise symmetry and normal tails. As a consequence they could capture both high and low events' probabilities. Subsequently, other techniques those could enhance the skewness of its correlation and be incorporated within the Lévy Factor Copula Model has been proposed, i.e. the 'Stochastic Correlated Lévy Factor Copula Model' and 'Lévy Random Factor Loading Copula Model'. Then the Lévy process has been applied through a number of proposed Pricing Basket CDS&CDO by Lévy Factor Copula and its skewed versions and evaluated by V-FFT limiting and mixture cases of the Lévy Skew Alpha-Stable distribution and Generalized Hyperbolic distribution. Numerically, the characteristic functions of the mth to default CDS's and (n/m) th to default CDS's number of defaults, the CDO's cumulative loss, and loss given default are evaluated by semi-explicit techniques, i.e. via the DFT's Fast form (FFT) and the proposed Very Fast form (VFFT). This technique through its fast and very fast forms reduce the computational complexity from O(N2) to, respectively, O(N log2 N ) and O(N ).
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考量隨機回復率與風險因子承載係數之CDO評價模型 / Pricing CDO with random recovery rate and random factor loading李慎, Li, Shen Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以Amraoui & Hitier (2008)隨機回復率模型(BNP model)以及Andersen and Sidenius(2004)隨機風險因子承載係數模型(RFL model)為基礎，進行對分劵信用價差、債劵群組累積損失機率分配，以及對基準違約相關係數的影響等分析。我們發現當回復率改成動態後可以反映更多系統風險，權益分劵信用價差絕大多數都會下降。在累積損失機率分配方面加入BNP後變為較平滑；改用RFL則會使機率分配在小額損失處又產生一次起伏；同時考量BNP與RFL會使小額損失發生機率減少、極端損失機率增加。實作三組市場資料時，發現不管市場違約機率高或低，共同考慮BNP與RFL的模型在四個模型中是最適合擬和市價的，顯示在市價的校準上有更多彈性，特別是在承擔名目本金60~100%先償分劵的校準上只有共同考慮BNP與RFL的模型能發揮功效。
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