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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
421

Validação transcultural do instrumento Paediatric Pain Profile para avaliação de dor em crianças com paralisia cerebral grave

Pasin, Simone Silveira January 2011 (has links)
A dor é um sintoma prevalente nas crianças com paralisia cerebral (PC) grave, devido principalmente a progressão de contraturas musculares, deformidades ósseas, refluxo gastresofágico e infecções de repetição. Tendo em vista que nessa população predomina a falta de comunicação verbal, tanto o diagnóstico de dor quanto a avaliação do tratamento analgésico são negligenciados. O Paediatric Pain Profile (PPP) é um instrumento composto por 20 itens para avaliar comportamentos indicativos de dor em PC grave, porém não está validado no nosso meio. O presente estudo tem por objetivo efetivar a validação transcultural da versão em português do PPP para avaliação da dor em crianças com PC grave. Utilizou-se o referencial de Beaton e colaboradores para validação transcultural de instrumentos para medidas em saúde. O estudo foi realizado em uma instituição filantrópica e em hospital universitário, entre maio de 2010 e agosto de 2011. Foram incluídas crianças com PC grave, os respectivos cuidadores de referência e profissionais da saúde. Primeiramente, ocorreu a fase de tradução, retradução e avaliação da clareza do instrumento. De posse da versão final traduzida, procedeu-se à avaliação das propriedades psicométricas de consistência interna, estabilidade (teste-reteste) e confiabilidade interavaliadores. A Escala Análoga Visual (EAV) foi utilizada como instrumento concorrente. Um total de 236 aplicações do PPP foi realizado em 45 crianças com PC grave: 30 aplicações para avaliar a clareza do instrumento e 206 para verificar as propriedades psicométricas. A consistência interna dos itens do PPP apresentou alfa de Cronbach = 0,864 e não ocorreu diferença significativa entre o teste e reteste (p=0,271). Não foi encontrada concordância dos escores totais do PPP entre o cuidador de referência e os avaliadores profissionais. Entretanto, houve correlação significativa do escore total do PPP e o total da escala concorrente EAV para os cuidadores de referência (rho=0,598; p<0,001), para os avaliadores 1 (rho=0,677; p<0,001) e para os avaliadores 2 (rho=0,454; p=0,002). A versão do PPP adaptada para o português do Brasil demonstrou boa consistência interna e estabilidade ao longo do tempo. É provável que a falta de convívio prévio com as crianças com PC tenha determinado a falta de confiabilidade interavaliadores. Portanto, a validação transcultural do PPP está estabelecida e a precisão da avaliação da dor depende da qualidade das observações, sendo mais precisa quando o instrumento é utilizado em conjunto com os cuidadores que estão familiarizados com a criança. / Pain is a prevalent symptom in children with severe cerebral palsy (CP) especially because of progressing muscle contractions, bone deformities, gastroesophageal reflux and recurrent infections. Considering the lack of verbal communication in this population, both the pain diagnosis and the assessment of the analgesic treatment are often neglected. The Paediatric Pain Profile (PPP) is a instrument comprising 20 items to assess behaviors indicative of pain in severe CP; however, it is not validated to Brazilian Portuguese. The purpose of this study is to transculturally validate the PPP to assess pain in children with severe CP. We used Beaton et al as a reference for the cross-cultural validation of health-related instrument. The study was carried out at a philanthropic institution for children with severe CP and a university hospital among May 2010 and August 2011. Children with severe CP, parents, their respective primary caregivers and health professionals were included. First of all, the instrument was translated, back-translated, and had its clarity assessed. Once the final version had been translated, we evaluated the psychometric properties of internal consistency, stability (test-retest) and inter-rater reliability. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used as a concurrent instrument. A total of 236 PPP were applied to 45 children with severe CP: 30 applications were meant to evaluate instrument clarity, 206 to check the psychometric properties. The internal consistency of PPP items presented Cronbach’s alpha = 0.864 and there were no significant differences between the test and retest (p=0.271). We did not find an agreement of the total PPP scores among primary caregivers and the health professionals evaluators. However, there was a significant correlation of the total PPP score and the competing VAS scale total for primary caregivers (rho=0.598; p < 0.001), evaluators 1 (rho = 0.677; p< 0.001) and evaluators 2 (rho = 0.454; p= 0.002). The PPP translation into Portuguese showed good internal consistency and stability over time. It is likely the lack of previous experience with CP children was responsible for the lack of reliability among evaluators. Therefore, the PPP cross-cultural validation has been established and the pain assessment accuracy depends on the quality of observation. Such accuracy is greater when the PPP is used together by caregivers with the child. / El dolor es un síntoma prevalente en los niños con parálisis cerebral (PC) grave, debido principalmente a la progresión de contracturas musculares, deformidades óseas, reflujo gastroesofágico e infecciones de repetición. Como en esta población predomina la falta de comunicación verbal, tanto el diagnóstico de dolor y la evaluación del tratamiento analgésico son negligenciados. El Paediatric Pain Profile (PPP) es un instrumento compuesto por 20 ítems para evaluar comportamientos indicativos de dolor en PC grave, pero no está validado en nuestro medio. El presente estudio tiene por objetivo efectuar la validación transcultural de la versión en portugués del PPP para evaluación del dolor en niños con PC grave. Se utilizó referencial de Beaton et al para validación transcultural de instrumentos para medidas en salud. El estudio se realizó en una institución filantrópica y en un hospital universitario, entre mayo 2010 y agosto de 2011. Se incluyeron niños con PC grave, los respectivos cuidadores de referencia y profesionales de la salud. Primero, ocurrió la etapa de traducción, retraducción, evaluación de la clareza del instrumento. De posesión de la versión final traducida, se realizó la evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas de consistencia interna, estabilidad (test-retest) y confiabilidad interevaluadores. La Escala Análoga Visual (EAV) se utilizó como instrumento concurrente. Un total de 236 aplicaciones del PPP se realizó en 45 niños con PC grave: 30 aplicaciones fueron para evaluar la clareza del instrumento, 206 para verificar las propiedades psicométricas. La consistencia interna de los ítems del PPP presentó alfa de Cronbach = 0,864 y no ocurrió diferencia significativa entre el test y retest (p=0,271). No se encontró concordancia de los resultados totales del PPP entre el cuidador de referencia y los evaluadores profesionales. Sin embargo, hubo correlación significativa del resultado total del PPP y el total de la escala concurrente EAV para los cuidadores de referencia (rho=0,598; p < 0,001), para los evaluadores 1 (rho = 0,677; p< 0,001) y para los evaluadores 2 (rho = 0,454; p= 0,002). La versión del PPP adaptada al portugués de Brasil demostró buena consistencia interna y estabilidad a lo largo del tiempo. Es probable que la falta de convivencia previa con los niños con PC haya determinado la falta de confiabilidad interevaluadores. Por lo tanto, la validación transcultural del PPP está establecida y la exactitud de la evaluación del dolor depende de la calidad de las observaciones, siendo más precisa si se utiliza en conjunto con los cuidadores que están familiarizados con el niño.
422

Criança/adolescente com paralisia cerebral : compreensões do seu modo de ser no mundo

Milbrath, Viviane Marten January 2013 (has links)
Neste estudo teve-se por objetivo descrever e compreender como a criança/adolescente com paralisia cerebral constrói seus modos de ser-no-mundo e as relações com os seus limites e possibilidades, e compreender os sentidos e os significados que a família atribui a sua vivência com a criança/adolescente com paralisia cerebral. Utilizou-se o enfoque existencial de Martin Heidegger para compreender tais fenômenos e foi possível estar-com a criança/adolescente e suas famílias. O estudo - qualitativo, com abordagem fenomenológica – hermenêutica - foi realizado na cidade de Pelotas no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, do qual participaram onze crianças/adolescentes com paralisia cerebral e suas famílias, representadas pelas mães. Os critérios de inclusão foram ter diagnóstico de paralisia cerebral, com comunicação verbal compreensível, idade de sete até dezenove anos, e que frequentavam as instituições analisadas neste estudo que são o Centro de Apoio, Pesquisas e Tecnologias para Aprendizagem, Associação dos Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais, Projeto Carinho, o Segundo Tempo do Núcleo de Estudos em Atividades Física Adaptada da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. O estudo foi aprovado sob o número 329/2011 pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa com Seres Humanos da Faculdade de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. As informações foram obtidas no período de outubro de 2011 a Junho de 2012, cuja coleta ocorreu a partir da observação participante, o diário de campo e a entrevista fenomenológica. As informações foram interpretadas por meio da abordagem hermenêutica de Heidegger, Gadamer e Ricoeur, emergindo duas categorias e subcategorias: Compreendendo o modo de ser família da criança/adolescente; Compreendendo o modo de ser criança/adolescente. Com a interpretação das informações destaca-se que o tornar-se família de uma criança com necessidades especiais é uma situação inesperada, a qual exige uma reorganização no modo de ser-no-mundo para que a família se adapte à nova situação, suprindo as demandas de cuidado da criança/adolescente, no intuito de proporcionar-lhe possibilidades existenciais que permitam o desenvolvimento de todo seu ser-capaz-de-fazer. As mães participam da vida dos filhos como um modo de ser na solicitude, passam a ser o centro da ação de suas vidas. A construção existencial do ser criança/adolescente encontra-se atrelada à concepção de mundo das pessoas de sua família, com ênfase na percepção da mãe. Compreendem-se como seres saudáveis e felizes, que existem no mundo com determinada condição existencial, o que não os impede de se lançarem em um projeto de autenticidade em modos inéditos de ser-no-mundo como um Dasein. Defende-se que o cuidado à saúde a essas crianças/adolescentes deve propiciar possibilidades existenciais capazes de estimular seu existir autêntico e o desenvolvimento de seu poder-ser. O cuidado de enfermagem precisa utilizar toda a tecnologia existente para auxiliá-las no seu vir-a-ser, estimulando o seu ser-capaz-de-fazer, em relação aos projetos de felicidade de cada criança/adolescente e de cada família. Observa-se a necessidade de voltar o cuidado à saúde, o qual deve ser prestado para além do ponto de vista biológico, agregando a perspectiva hermenêutica que, além de se valorizar as questões biológicas, considera os seres humanos como pessoas que vivenciam uma experiência subjetiva. / In this study the goal was to describe and comprehend how the child/adolescent with brain paralysis builds its ways to be-in-the-world and the relationships with its limits and possibilities, and comprehend the senses and meanings that the family attributes to its living with the child/teenager with brain paralysis. It was used Martin Heidegger’s existential focus to comprehend those phenomena and it was possible to be with the child/adolescent and their families. The study – qualitative, with a phenomenological-hermeneutical approach – was accomplished in the city of Pelotas, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, of which participated eleven children/adolescents with brain paralysis and their families, represented by their mothers. The inclusion criteria were of having diagnosis of brain paralysis, with comprehensible verbal communication, age from seven to nineteen, and of being used to going to the institutions analyzed in this study, which are the Support Centre, Learning Research and Technologies, Exceptional’s Parents and Friends Association, Care Project, the Second Time of the Nucleus of Studies in Adapted Physical Activity of the Federal University of Pelotas. The study has been approved under the number 329/2011 by the Ethical and Research of Human Being Committee of the Nursing School in the Federal University of Pelotas. The information were obtained in the period from October of 2011 to June of 2012, whose collection occurred by the mean of participant observation, campus diary and the phenomenological interview. The information was interpreted through the hermeneutical approach of Heidegger, Gadamer and Ricoeur, emerging two categories and subcategories: Comprehending how to be the family of the child/adolescent; Comprehending how to be a child/adolescent. With the interpretation of the information, it is pointed that becoming the family of a child with special needs is an unexpected situation, which demands a reorganization in the way of being-in-the-world, so that the family adapts to the new situation, supplying the demands of care of this child/adolescent, with the aim to proportioning them the existential possibilities that allow the development of all their capable-of-doing being. The mothers participated of their children’s life as a way of showing solicitude, becoming the centre of the action in their lives. The existential construction of being child/teenager is encountered coupled to the conception of world of the people in their family, with emphasis in the mother’s perception. They are acknowledged as healthy and happy beings, who exist in the world with determined existential condition, which does not stop them from launching themselves in an authenticity project of unpublished manners of being in the world like a Dasein. It is defended that the healthcare to these children/adolescents must offer existential possibilities capable to stimulate their authentical existence and the development of what they can be. Nursing care needs to utilize all the existent technology to assist them in their come-to-be, stimulating their being-capable-of-doing, in relation to the happiness projects of each child/adolescent and each family. It is observed the necessity of directing the care to the health, which must be provided beyond the biological point of view, aggregating the hermeneutical perspective that, besides valuing biological matters, considers human beings as people that live a subjective experience. / En este estudio se objetivó describir y comprender como el niño/adolescente con parálisis cerebral construye sus modos de “ser en el mundo” y las relaciones con sus límites y posibilidades y, además, comprender los sentidos y los significados que la familia atribuye a su vivencia con el niño/adolescente con parálisis cerebral. Se utilizó el enfoque existencial de Martin Heidegger para comprender estos fenómenos y fue posible “estar con” el niño/adolescente y sus familias. El estudio – cualitativo con abordaje fenomenológico – hermenéutico – fue realizado en la ciudad de Pelotas en la provincia del Rio Grande do Sul, en el cual participaron once niños/adolescentes con parálisis cerebral y sus familias, representadas por las madres. Los criterios de inclusión fueron tener diagnóstico de parálisis cerebral, con comunicación verbal comprensible, edad de siete hasta diecinueve años, y que frecuentaban las instituciones analizadas en este estudio que son el Centro de Apoio, Pesquisas e Tecnologias para Aprendizagem, Associação dos Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais, Projeto Carinho, Segundo Tempo del Núcleo de Estudios en Actividades Físicas Adaptadas de la Universidad Federal de Pelotas. El estudio fue aprobado con el número 329/2011 por el Comité de Ética e Investigaciones con Seres Humanos de la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad Federal de Pelotas. Las informaciones fueron obtenidas en el período de octubre de 2011 a junio de 2012, cuya colecta ocurrió a partir de la observación participante, del diario de campo y de la entrevista fenomenológica. Las informaciones fueron interpretadas por medio del abordaje hermenéutico de Heidegger, Gadamer y Ricoeur, sobresaliendo dos categorías y subcategorías: Comprendiendo el modo de ser familia del niño/adolescente; comprendiendo el modo de ser niño/adolescente. Con la interpretación de las informaciones se destaca que el tornarse familia de un niño con necesidades especiales es una situación inesperada, la cual exige una reorganización en el modo de “ser en el mundo” para que la familia se adapte a la nueva situación, supliendo las necesidades de cuidado del niño/adolescente, en el objetivo de proporcionarle posibilidades existenciales que permitan el desarrollo de todo su “ser capaz de hacer”. Las madres participan de la vida de los hijos como un modo de ser en la solicitud, pasan a ser el centro de la acción de sus vidas. La construcción existencial del ser niño/adolescente se encuentra relacionada a la concepción de mundo de las personas de su familia, con énfasis en la percepción de la madre. Se comprenden como seres saludables y felices, que existen en el mundo con determinada condición existencial, lo que no les impide de participar en un proyecto de autenticidad en modos inéditos de “ser en el mundo” como un Dasein. Se defiende que el cuidado a la salud a esos niños/adolescentes debe propiciar posibilidades existenciales capaces de estimular su existir auténtico y el desarrollo de su “poder ser”. El cuidado de enfermería necesita utilizar toda la tecnología existente para auxiliarlas en su “venir a ser”, estimulando su “ser capaz de hacer”, con relación a los proyectos de felicidad de cada niño/adolescente y de cada familia. Se observa la necesidad de direccionar el cuidado a la salud, lo cual debe ser prestado para allá del punto de vista biológico, añadiendo la perspectiva hermenéutica que, además de valorizar las cuestiones biológicas, considera los seres humanos como personas que viven una experiencia subjetiva.
423

Associação entre o episódio depressivo maior após acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico e comprometimento de circuitos neuronais pela lesão: um estudo prospectivo de 4 meses / Association between post-stroke major depressive episode and neural circuits affected by lesion: a four-month prospective study

Luisa de Marillac Niro Terroni 15 December 2009 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: Alterações em circuito neural têm sido associadas com o transtorno depressivo maior. Entretanto, até o momento não se tem estudos investigando a associação entre a lesão do acidente vascular cerebral neste circuito e a incidência do episódio depressivo maior após o acidente vascular cerebral. Este estudo teve como objetivo principal investigar de modo prospectivo a associação entre o volume da lesão no circuito neural límbico-córtico-estriado-pálido-talâmico no hemisfério esquerdo e a incidência de episódio depressivo maior nos primeiros quatro meses posteriores ao acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico. Como objetivo secundário, visou investigar a associação entre o volume da lesão em regiões específicas do circuito e a incidência do episódio depressivo maior após o acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico. MÉTODOS: Neste estudo foram triados de modo consecutivo 326 pacientes admitidos na enfermaria de neurologia do Hospital das Clinicas de São Paulo. Destes, foram elegíveis 68 pacientes e foram acompanhados prospectivamente. A avaliação psiquiátrica consistiu na aplicação da entrevista clinica estruturada para diagnóstico pelo DSM-IV e no manual estruturado para entrevista da Escala de Hamilton para Depressão; o grau de comprometimento nas atividades de vida diária foi medido pelo Índice de Barthel; o grau de gravidade do acidente vascular cerebral foi mensurado pela escala para acidente vascular cerebral do National Institutes of Health e, a capacidade cognitiva foi avaliada pelo Miniexame do estado mental. As avaliações ocorreram em 3 momentos sendo a primeira em média 12,4 dias (+ 4,5) após o acidente vascular cerebral, a segunda em média 37 dias (+ 6) e, a terceira em média e 91,6 dias (+ 5,4) após o acidente vascular cerebral. As imagens por ressonância magnética foram realizadas dentro dos 15 dias posteriores ao acidente vascular cerebral em um aparelho de 1.5 Tesla (GE-Horizon LX) com protocolo específico. A localização do acidente vascular cerebral e o volume da lesão foram processados usando um método semi-automatizado baseado no Atlas Citoarquitetônico de Brodmann. Os grupos de pacientes com episódio depressivo maior e sem depressão foram comparados quanto aos dados clínicos e neurorradiológicos. RESULTADOS: Nos primeiros 4 meses posteriores ao acidente vascular cerebral 21 (31%) pacientes apresentaram episódio depressivo maior. Não houve diferenças entre os grupos com respeito à idade, distribuição por sexo, estado civil, condição empregatícia, lateralização hemisférica da lesão isquêmica, gravidade do infarto, comprometimento das atividades de vida diária e capacidade cognitiva. O volume da lesão no circuito límbico-córtico-estriado-pálido-talâmico no hemisfério esquerdo apresentou associação com a incidência do episódio depressivo maior (P=0,004) assim como, volume da lesão nas seguintes áreas específicas: córtex ventral anterior do cíngulo (AB24; P=0,032), córtex dorsal anterior do cíngulo (AB32; P=0,043), córtex subgenual (AB25; P=0,038), subículo (AB28/AB36; P=0,032) e amígdala (AB34; P=0,010). Este estudo tem algumas limitações como não avaliação de lesões isquêmicas subcorticais e outros possíveis fatores de risco para a depressão posterior ao acidente vascular cerebral. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados fornecem evidências da existência de associação entre o volume da lesão do acidente vascular cerebral no hemisfério esquerdo no circuito límbico-córticoestriado- pálido-talâmico e a incidência do episódio depressivo maior posterior ao acidente vascular cerebral. / BACKGROUND: Dysfunction in the neural circuit has been etiologically related to major depressive disorder. However no study has investigated the role of lesion in these circuits and post-stroke major depression. The objective of this study was to prospectively investigate the association between stroke volume in left limbiccortical- striatal-pallidal-thalamic neural circuit and incidence of major depressive episode after stroke, and secondary to investigate the association between stroke volume in specific areas of the neural circuit and the incidence of major depressive episode after stroke. METHODS: From 326 consecutively screened patients admitted in the neuroclinical unit of Clinics Hospital, São Paulo, 68 were eligible and followed. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and Hamilton Depression Scale were applied in the psychiatry evaluations. The stroke severity was evaluated using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and the activities of daily living limitations were measured using Barthel Index. Cognitive capacity was measured using Mini Mental State Examination. The evaluations were done in three timepoints the first in mean of 12.4 (+ 4.5) days after stroke, the second in 37 (+ 6) days and, the third, 91.6 (+ 5.4) days after stroke. Magnetic resonance scans were performed within 2 weeks after stroke in a 1.5 Tesla (GE-Horizon LX) scanner. Stroke localization and volume quantification were performed using a semi-automated method based on the Brodmann Cytoarchitectonic Atlas. The depressed and non depressed patients were compared. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients (31%) experienced a new onset of major depressive episode within a four-month period after stroke. No differences were found between depressed and non depressed patients regarding age, gender distribution, marital status, employment status, ischemic lesion hemispheric lateralization, stroke severity, level of limitations in activities of daily living and cognitive capacity. Stroke lesion volume in the left limbic-cortical-striatal-pallidal-thalamic circuit was associated with incidence of major depressive episode (P=0.004). Complementary analyses revealed association the incidence of major depressive episode with larger stroke lesion volume in specific areas of this circuit, including the ventral anterior cingulate cortex (BA24; P=0.032), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (BA32; P=0.043), subgenual cortex (BA25; P=0.038), hippocampal subiculum (BA28/BA36; P=0.032) and amygdala (BA34; P=0.010). There are some study limitations, as no subcortical ischemic stroke analyses and other possible risk factors for depression after stroke. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study have shown evidence of an association between stroke lesion size in left hemisphere in the limbic-cortical-striatal-pallidalthalamic circuit and the incidence of major depressive episode after stroke.
424

‘n Psigo-opvoedkundige model as verwysingsraamwerk vir die fasilitering van konstruktiewe hantering van aggressie by adolessente seuns wat serebraal gestremd is

Wallis, Esther Petronella 03 September 2012 (has links)
Ph.D. / Aggression during adolescence has a long term effect on the mental health of adolescents. This is a great reason for concern. Although society is intensely aware of the incidences of aggression within South African schools, little research is available regarding this issue. Learners with special educational needs, and specifically learners with cerebral palsy, have been even more neglected in this regard. This study evolves from the field work of the researcher’s M.Ed. dissertation in which the experience of aggression in adolescent boys with cerebral palsy was explored and described. The aim of this study is to develop, describe, implement and evaluate a psycho-educational model as a frame of reference for the facilitation of constructive management of aggression in adolescent boys that live with cerebral palsy. A theory generating research design was used to fulfil this purpose. The development of this model consisted of four steps. Step one consisted of the concept analysis. Facilitation, constructive and management were identified as the central concepts. As part of the concept analysis these concepts were defined and essential and related criteria were discussed. All the concepts and criteria were then summarised in a comprehensive definition. A model case was constructed before the concepts were classified. During the process of classification a heightened self-awareness was identified as the terminus of the process. During step two relationship statements were drawn between the different concepts. These relationship statements as a whole provide substance and structure to the theory. In step three the psycho-educational model as a frame of reference for the facilitation of constructive management of aggression in adolescent boys with cerebral palsy was described. The structure of the model was described in terms of its purpose, assumptions and the context of the model.
425

Software interactivo controlado por un sistema electromiográfico para mejorar la comunicación en pacientes con parálisis cerebral infantil en el Hogar Clínica San Juan de Dios

Flores Celis, Diana Katherine January 2015 (has links)
Actualmente, un 15% de las personas discapacitadas son excluidas de la vida social y cuentan con un déficit en su calidad de vida. 0,25% de estos niños padecen Parálisis Cerebral Infantil, cuyas características principales son la dificultad en el habla y limitación motora. En el área de Hospitalización de la Clínica, se cuentan con 25 pacientes habiendo una clara diferencia respecto al número de enfermeras encargadas, el tiempo dedicado a la terapia del lenguaje es mínimo y no se cuentan con herramientas adecuadas para reforzar el mismo. El presente proyecto tiene como objetivo mejorar la capacidad de comunicación de los pacientes con parálisis cerebral infantil, para ello se implementó un Software Interactivo utilizando un Sistema de Electromiografía Superficial, el cual capta las señales eléctricas de 3 movimientos básicos de la mano, con los cuales se controlará el puntero y poder navegar por el Software; para el desarrollo de este se utilizó la metodología MPIU+a. Como resultado se obtuvo una herramienta de comunicación accesible y posible de usar por los pacientes, aumentando el tiempo de reforzamiento de las terapias de lenguaje y además se logró aumentar el Índice de Barthel, indicador del grado de independencia.
426

Establishing and application of a syngeneic cerebral metastasis mouse model / Establishing and application of a syngeneic cerebral metastasis mouse model

Wenske, Britta 11 May 2015 (has links)
No description available.
427

Investigating the mechanism by which thalamocortical projections reach the cerebral cortex

Chen, Yijing January 2012 (has links)
This thesis provides insights into the mechanism by which thalamocortical axons (TCAs) approach the cortex from their origin in the thalamus. Previous studies suggested that the reciprocal projections from the prethalamus and the ventral telencephalon guide TCAs to descend through the prethalamus and cross the diencephalic-telencephalic boundary (DTB), after which TCAs navigate through permissive corridor cells in the ventral telencephalon and cross the pallial-subpallial boundary (PSPB) before reaching their final targets in the cortex. The ‘Handshake Hypothesis’ proposed that pioneer axons from cortical preplate neurons guide TCAs into corresponding cortical areas. However, there is a lack of convincing evidence on whether TCAs need any guidance to cross the PSPB. In the current study, Adenomatous polyposis (Apc) gene is conditionally deleted from the cortex, by using Emx1Cre-APCloxP recombination technology. Apc is widely expressed in the nervous system including the cortical plate of the cortex and regulates axonal growth and neuronal differentiation. Deleting Apc may block neurite extension and/or affect the formation of attractive or repulsive cues in the cortex. By using DiI tracing as well as L1 immunohistochemistry techniques, I showed that in the Apc mutants cortical axons are absent and that TCAs initially navigate into the ventral telencephalon normally but fail to complete their journey into the cortex. They stop as they approach the PSPB, although the PSPB doesn’t seem to be directly affected by the mutation of Apc in the cortex. Additionally, Ig-Nrg1 (Neuregulin-1), the secreted protein that was suggested to play long-range roles in attracting TCAs towards the cortex, is present in the Apc mutant. This implies that Ig-Nrg1 is not sufficient for guiding TCAs into the cortex, and that additional guidance factors are needed. Moreover, my in vitro explant culture experiments show that the mutant cortex neither repel nor inhibit thalamic axonal outgrowth, indicating that the failure of TCAs in reaching the cortex is not due to the change of repulsive cues secreted by the mutant cortex. It rather indicates that the guidance factors for TCAs are likely to function through cell-cell contact mediated mechanisms. The Apc mutant cortex lacks these guidance factors, which might be the cortical axons. In conclusion, my data reveal a choice point for TCAs at the PSPB. Guidance factors from the cortex are needed for TCAs to cross the PSPB, which are absent in the Apc mutant. TCAs may need the direct contact with cortical axons and use them as an axonal scaffold to navigate into the cerebral cortex.
428

Swimming and the physical, social and emotional well-being of youth with cerebral palsy

Declerck, Marlies Hilde Philip January 2014 (has links)
Cerebral palsy is the most common motor disability in childhood. The disorders of movement and posture are characterised by abnormal patterns of movement related to defective movement coordination and regulation of muscle tone. Secondary problems that may develop include perceptions of fatigue and pain. Difficulties with body function and structure affect the levels of activity and participation of the person, such as functional independence, walking ability and participation in leisure activities. These multiple facets of functioning contribute to the known physical inactivity problem apparent in youth with cerebral palsy. In addition, these low physical activity levels contribute to further deterioration of functioning. Hence, a vicious cycle of deconditioning exists. A community-based swimming programme was proposed to combat this vicious cycle. A systematic review on the effect of an aquatic intervention on the multiple facets of functioning of youth with cerebral palsy revealed no studies that measured the effect on pain, coordination and quality of life. Moreover, none of the authors reported the perceived enjoyment of the participants during the intervention. Furthermore, there was a lack of controlled studies reporting the effect of a swimming intervention on walking ability, fatigue, functional independence, self-perception, participation in leisure activities and aquatic skills in ambulatory youth with cerebral palsy. Consequently, the aim of this thesis was to investigate the effect of swimming on these multiple facets of functioning that are associated with the low physical activity levels, in youth with cerebral palsy. A randomised controlled cross-over design was implemented to investigate the effect of a 10-week swimming intervention on pain intensity, fatigue, walking ability, bilateral and upper limb coordination, functional independence, perceived competence, global self-worth, quality of life and swimming skills. A pre-test – post-test design was used to assess the effect of taking part in a swimming programme on participation in leisure activities. Fourteen 7 to 17 year-old youth with cerebral palsy with the ability to walk with or without walking aids completed the tests on all measurement occasions. All youth had a high adherence towards the programme, participated in the intervention with high levels of enjoyment, and most youth continued to participate in swimming after completing the programme. Moreover, no adverse events due to the programme were reported and no participants withdrew from the intervention. Swimming skills improved significantly over the 10-week swimming programme, and improved significantly more than over the control period. The changes were retained throughout a 20-week follow-up period. Positive trends of improvement were evident for walking distance at maximum walking speed, upper limb coordination, functional independence in social functioning and mobility, and perceived motor competence. The intervention was not associated with increases of pain and fatigue. Participation in the swimming programme did not affect bilateral coordination, functional independence in self-care, self-perception and quality of life. The evidence of the pre-test – post-test study suggests that learning the skill of swimming encouraged participation in activities of the formal domain, active-physical and skill-based activities, and facilitated youth to engage in aquatic activities. No control data were obtained in the pre-test – post-test study; however, the results are promising in view of the known deterioration in participation with increasing age. Additionally, the present study showed that the perceptions of youth with cerebral palsy that learning a new skill is too time consuming, and that physical activity is not fun and carries a risk of injury, pain and fatigue, were eliminated in the swimming program. The consolidation of swimming skills and high levels of enjoyment during the programme, are expected to improve participation, engagement and adherence to physical activity, which was confirmed in the present study as youth participated more in aquatic activities after one year than before the start of the study. It was concluded that swimming is an enjoyable and safe community-based physical activity that may have a positive effect on the physical, social and emotional well-being in 7 to 17 year-old youth with cerebral palsy with the ability to walk. The elimination of some of the barriers confronted by youth with cerebral palsy to engaging in physical activity is important with regard to the sustainment of a physically active lifestyle. The findings suggest that participation in swimming may aid in breaking the cycle of deconditioning.
429

El cuidado de niños con parálisis cerebral : experiencias de las enfermeras de una clínica privada del distrito de Chiclayo, 2015

Carranza Villacorta, Adela del Rosario, Fuentes Ramirez, Mayra Vanessa January 2015 (has links)
Tesis de pregrado / Toda enfermera cuando realiza el cuidado a niños con parálisis cerebral, coloca sus conocimientos y habilidades que le permiten actuar con eficiencia y rapidez en la implementación de los cuidados necesarios para limitar el daño presente, evitar el riesgo de complicaciones y recuperar en lo posible la función perdida. En este sentido la investigación cualitativo con abordaje de estudio de caso persiguió como objetivos: describir y analizar las experiencias que brindan las enfermeras en el cuidado a los niños con parálisis cerebral en una Clínica privada del distrito de Chiclayo. 2015. El escenario fue el área de hospitalización de dicha clínica. Las participantes en el estudio fueron siete enfermeras que laboraban en esa área, obtenidas por saturación y previo consentimiento informado, a quienes se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada a profundidad. Los datos obtenidos se procesaron por análisis temático ancorado en principios éticos y de rigor científico. Posterior al análisis emergieron las siguientes categorías: Prácticas de cuidado a un ser con limitaciones psicomotoras; restricciones en la limitación del cuidado a los niños con limitaciones psicomotoras y apoyo del binomio equipo de salud- familia en la recuperación de los niños. Con la consideración final que la enfermera, equipo de salud y familia trabajen unidos en la recuperación del niño.
430

Neuroprotective effects of adiponectin in focal cerebral ischemia

Ng, Kit-ying, 吳潔瑩 January 2007 (has links)
published_or_final_version / abstract / Medicine / Master / Master of Philosophy

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