As a contribution to the abundance of reviews of the work of Heliônia Ceres de Melo e Motta (1927 – 1999), an analysis was made into the relationship that exists between the images in the characters’ memories from five short stories written by the Alagoas writer. The short stories drawn from the collection Rosália das Visões were: “Rosália das Visões”, “Tempo Vazio – Emptiness of Time”, “Dívidas de Amor – Debts of Love”, “Novos Dias de Sempre – The Same New Days” and “Os Gatos – The Cats”. The analysis is aimed at spurring critical perception of how these image relations do occur. With that in mind and making use of interpretation and analysis, I delved into the texts to scrutinize and assess their inner workings. That is how I attempted to see if Heliônia Ceres’s short stories are not devoid of a rich diversity of relations connecting those images from the memory, a fact confirmed by the study. In “The Cats”, the relation between the images is seen especially through the superposition of past and current images, when Anita and her pets return to the house they had lived in. The central element in the short stories “Debts of Love” is the sentimental shift of the mother character from a negative to a positive outlook regarding the world and her daughter; as in a turning of the tables, there is a reversal in the image from the memory. In “Emptiness of Time”, there is a broadening of some images; for instance, when Maria José gazes at any object inside the house, maybe a picture or a toy horse, she then enlarges that image by adding related facts. In “The Same New Days”, one can see the false projection of images when Semeão, starting with images from the past, projects false images of the future. In “Rosália das Visões”, still, there is personification of the images from the memory, in which the shadow represents the facts that lead to a feeling of nothingness or a fear of living, whilst the narrator symbolizes courage and existence; they both talk to one another. Just as I recognize the diversity in the way images of the memory are related in Heliônia’s short stories, I set the foundation for bringing into the limelight a lesser known writer. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Numa contribuição à fortuna crítica sobre Heliônia Ceres de Melo e Motta (1927 – 1999), constrói-se uma análise da relação entre as imagens da memória das personagens em cinco contos da escritora alagoana, retirados da coletânea Rosália das Visões: “Rosália das Visões”, “Tempo Vazio”, “Dívidas de Amor”, “Novos Dias de Sempre” e “Os Gatos”. O objetivo da análise é estimular a percepção crítica sobre como acontecem essas relações imagéticas. Com esta finalidade, desmontamos os textos para observar e avaliar suas engrenagens, por meio de leitura, interpretação e análise. Dessa maneira, visou-se verificar se os contos de Heliônia Ceres possuem uma rica diversidade de relação entre as imagens da memória, o que foi confirmado pela pesquisa. Na narrativa “Os Gatos” a relação imagética acontece principalmente pela sobreposição das imagens do passado nas imagens do presente, na fase do “retorno” de Anita e seus animais de estimação a casa onde antes viviam. O conto “Dívidas de Amor” é marcado por uma mudança sentimental da protagonista mãe, indo de uma visão negativa para uma positiva acerca do mundo e de sua filha, como numa virada de carta, caracterizando-se como uma inversão na imagem da memória. Em “Tempo Vazio”, há a ampliação de algumas imagens da memória, quando Maria José observa algum objeto da casa, como um quadro ou um cavalinho de brinquedo, para depois aumentar aquela imagem com a adição de fatos relacionados. Em “Novos Dias de Sempre”, verifica-se a falsa projeção de imagens, pois, a partir de imagens do passado, Semeão projeta falsas imagens do futuro. Já em “Rosália das Visões”, há uma personificação das imagens da memória, na qual a sombra representa os fatos que conduzem ao sentimento de nulidade ou medo de viver, e a narradora representa a coragem e a existência, e as duas dialogam entre si. Ao mesmo tempo em que observamos essa diversidade de relações das imagens da memória em contos de Heliônia, criamos base para impulsionar a visibilidade de uma escritora pouco estudada.

L'agriculture représente 10-15 % des émissions anthropiques de gaz à effet de serre (GES), ce qui justifie que ce secteur soit amené à jouer un rôle dans la lutte contre les changements climatiques. Les échanges de GES entre agro-écosystèmes et atmosphère font intervenir trois composés : le protoxyde d'azote (N2O), le méthane (CH4) et le dioxyde de carbone (CO2). La prédiction de ces échanges de GES nécessite de prendre en compte les processus sous-jacents au sein du système sol-plante, qui sont fortement régulés par les conditions agro-pédoclimatiques. L'utilisation de modèles biophysiques est actuellement une approche très prometteuse en ce sens, mais encore en émergence. La problématique centrale de ce travail de thèse est l'estimation du pouvoir de réchauffement global des agro-écosystèmes, basée sur une modélisation biophysique des agro-écosystèmes et de leurs échanges de GES avec l'atmosphère. Le développement du modèle CERES-EGC a permis d'estimer ses paramètres, grâce à une méthode originale de calibration bayésienne, et d'évaluer son erreur de prédiction pour la simulation des flux de N2O et de CO2 à l'échelle de la parcelle. Ce modèle est désormais en mesure de prédire le bilan de GES des systèmes de cultures. L'application du modèle sur des sites expérimentaux aux conditions pédoclimatiques contrastées a permis de quantifier le pouvoir de réchauffement global de systèmes de cultures à l'échelle de rotations et de tester différentes stratégies de mitigation. L'utilisation et le développement du modèle dans une perspective d'extrapolation spatiale permet de produire des inventaires d'émissions de GES par les surfaces agricoles à échelle régionale.

Les inventaires d'émissions biogéniques dans les modèles de qualité de l'air sont peu adaptés, car basés sur l'utilisation de facteurs d'émission (FE) moyens ils intègrent partiellement les variables environnementales et techniques pilotant ces émissions. Le but de cette thèse a été d'améliorer la prise en compte des émissions de NO par les sols agricoles dans le modèle de chimie transport CHIMERE. Ce travail se base sur un modèle d'agro-écosystème CERES-EGC, qui simule la dynamique de l'azote dans le système sol-plante. Un module d'émission de NO y a été intégré et le test sur des données expérimentales a montré la nécessité de modéliser les échanges de masse et de chaleur près de la surface du sol. Des simulations annuelles ont révélé une variabilité saisonnière des émissions selon le climat et les pratiques culturales. Les émissions varient de 1 à 4 kg N-NO ha-1 sur un an, soit à des FEs de 1-2% selon les doses de fertilisation. Puis, une cartographie des émissions a été réalisée pour l'Ile de France, en combinant l'utilisation de CERES-EGC à des méthodes de systèmes d'information géographique et diverses bases de données. La prise en compte des pédopaysages de la région a fortement influencé les émissions. Notre approche conduit à des émissions totales de 2.7 kt N-NO sur 14 mois et à une moyenne de 5.1 kg N-NO ha-1 (FE de 3.4%). Enfin, l'outil a été couplé à CHIMERE afin d'évaluer l'impact des émissions de NOx par les sols sur la formation d'O3. L'influence des émissions s'explique par les régimes chimiques (perte d'Ox dans le panache urbain et production d'Ox supplémentaire aux alentours) et varie de 1 à 8 ppb d'Ox pour des concentrations de fond de 50 à 100 ppb.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-09T21:13:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Paulie Ceres Palasios.pdf: 1522905 bytes, checksum: 69ffa94fdf132a99c854d452de39229b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-09T21:13:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Paulie Ceres Palasios.pdf: 1522905 bytes, checksum: 69ffa94fdf132a99c854d452de39229b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-18 / This research aimed to analyzing the role of Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Ceres in the social and economic territorial development of Vale de S?o Patr?cio, in the state of Goi?s, Brazil. Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were conducted to alumni of the Instituto and to different actors and agencies of development within the limits of Vale de S?o Patr?cio. The results demonstrated there is participation of this institution in the development of the region. But the results also showed a number of possibilities for the action of IF Goiano - Campus Ceres through the functions attributed to it by legislation 11.892/2008. / Este estudo teve como escopo a an?lise da inser??o e atua??o do Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Ceres no desenvolvimento territorial do Vale de S?o Patr?cio, Goi?s. Para tanto foram aplicados question?rios e feitas entrevistas semiestruturadas a diferentes atores e ag?ncias de desenvolvimento local/regional no ?mbito do Vale de S?o Patr?cio, bem como egressos dos cursos do IF Goiano - Campus Ceres. Os resultados demonstraram que h? participa??o dessa institui??o no desenvolvimento da regi?o. No entanto, os resultados tamb?m mostraram muitas possibilidades para a??o do IF Goiano - Campus Ceres em seu territ?rio diante das atribui??es que lhe confere a Lei 11.892/2008.

Le sujet de cette thèse est l'étude de la rotation à long terme des corps célestes.La première partie est consacrée à l’étude de la rotation à long terme de Cérès et Vesta, les deux corps les plus massifs de la ceinture principale d’astéroïdes. Ils sont l’objet d’étude de la sonde spatiale Dawn, qui a permis de déterminer précisément les caractéristiques physiques et de rotation nécessaires au calcul de leurs rotations. La distribution de glace sous et à la surface de Cérès dépend du mouvement de son axe de rotation par le biais de l’obliquité, inclinaison de l’équateur sur l’orbite. Les rotations de Cérès et Vesta étant rapides, l’évolution à long terme des axes de rotation de Cérès et Vesta a été obtenue à l'aide d'une intégration symplectique des équations de la rotation, où une moyenne a été réalisée sur la rotation propre rapide. La stabilité des axes de rotation de Cérès et Vesta a été étudiée en fonction des paramètres de la rotation avec un modèle séculaire semi-analytique, qui a permis de montrer que les axes de rotation ne présentaient pas de caractère chaotique.La seconde partie concerne le développement d'intégrateurs symplectiques dédiés au corps solide. L'intégration de la rotation propre d'un corps solide nécessite d’intégrer les équations issues du hamiltonien du corps solide libre. Ce hamiltonien est certes intégrable et présente une solution explicite nécessitant l’usage des fonctions elliptiques de Jacobi, cependant le coût numérique de ces fonctions est élevé. Lorsque le hamiltonien du corps solide libre est couplé avec une énergie potentielle, l’orientation du corps doit être calculée à chaque pas d’intégration, ce qui augmente le temps de calcul. Des intégrateurs symplectiques ont ainsi été précédemment proposés pour le corps solide libre. Dans ce travail, des intégrateurs spécifiques au corps solide ont été développés en utilisant les propriétés de l’algèbre de Lie du moment cinétique. / This thesis concerns the long-term rotation of celestial bodies.The first part is a study of the long-term rotation of Ceres and Vesta, the two heaviest bodies of the main asteroid belt. The spacescraft Dawn studied these two objects and determined the physical and rotational characteristics, which are necessary for the computation of their rotations. The ice distribution under and on the surface of Ceres depends on the evolution of the obliquity, which is the inclination of the equatorial plane on the orbital plane. As the rotations of Ceres and Vesta are fast, the long-term evolution of the spin axes of Ceres and Vesta was obtained by realizing a symplectic integration of the equations of the rotation averaged on the fast proper rotation. The stability of the spin axes of Ceres and Vesta was studied with respect to the parameters of the rotation with a secular and semi-analytical model, which allowed to show that the spin axes are not chaotic.The second part concerns the development of symplectic integrators dedicated to the rigid body. The integration of the proper rotation of a rigid body needs to integrate the equations given by the Hamiltonian of the free rigid body. This Hamiltonian is integrable and presents an explicit solution using the Jacobi elliptic functions. However, the numerical cost of these functions is high. When the Hamiltonian of the free rigid body is coupled to a potential energy, the orientation of the body is needed at each step, which increases the computation time. Symplectic integrators were then previously proposed for the free rigid body. In this work, symplectic integrators dedicated to the rigid body were developed using the properties of the Lie algebra of the angular momentum.

En prenant l’exemple des entreprises pétrolières multinationales, cette thèse tente de clarifier l’état actuel du concept de responsabilité sociale des entreprises, qui, d’un point de vue juridique, relève du « soft law», et à dessiner la frontière entre le « hard law » et le « soft law», dans le but de mettre en lumière la différence entre les fonctions de ces deux types de droit et de dissiper les attentes irréalistes envers le concept de responsabilité sociale des entreprises. S’alignant avec cette logique, les contextes de la responsabilité sociale des entreprises ont d’abord été explorés, y compris l’évolution et les controverses autour de ce concept, ainsi que les instruments qui le sous-tendent et le mettent sur un pied solide, lesquels représentent certaines caractéristiques communes (diversité, flexibilité, inclusion des valeurs pionnières, etc.) pour être acceptés et engagés par les entreprises. Par ailleurs, a aussi été analysée la tendance au durcissement des règles nationales en cette matière, qui peut être constatée dans les pays développés et dans certains pays en développement. Puis, trois sujets, à savoir l’environnement, les droits de l’Homme et la lutte contre la corruption, ont été choisis et traités, pour, d’une part, exposer comment le « hard law » agit sur eux, ses faiblesses tant dans les pays en développement que dans les pays développés, et ses effets sur les performances réelles des entreprises pétrolières multinationales, et, d’autre part, déployer la contribution de la responsabilité sociale des entreprises sur ces thèmes. Enfin, les dynamiques de la responsabilité sociale des entreprises ont été recherchées. Certaines parties prenantes, comme les gouvernements, les investisseurs socialement responsables, les concurrents ou les ONG, ont un potentiel conséquent pour pousser les entreprises pétrolières multinationales à adopter une approche socialement responsable, tandis que certaines parties prenantes, comme les consommateurs responsables, restent un facteur faible pour la prise de décision de ces entreprises. / Examining the example of multinational oil companies, this article tries to make clear the actual situation of the concept of corporate social responsibility, which from legal perspective belongs to soft law, and to draw a line between hard law and soft law, aiming to highlight the difference in functions of these two laws and to dispel unrealistic expectations of corporate social responsibility. Along these lines, this article firstly explores the context of corporate social responsibility, including its evolution, controversies around it, and the underpinning instruments that put it on a solid footing. These instruments represent a couple of common characteristics (diversity, flexibility, inclusion of pioneer values, etc.) that make them accepted by companies as commitment. Furthermore, both developed countries and some developing countries have seen a trend to strengthen national-level rules in this area. Secondly, three subjects, i.e., environment, human rights and anti-corruption, are selected and analyzed to show how hard law functions, its weaknesses in both developing countries and developed ones, and its effects on the actual performance of multinational oil companies, and also to explore what contribution the corporate social responsibility can make. Finally, the dynamics of corporate social responsibility is discussed. Some stakeholders, such as government, socially responsible investors, competitors and NGOs, have great potential to push multinational oil companies to adopt a socially responsible approach, while some other stakeholders, such as responsible consumers, remain a weak factor in the decision-making of these companies.

Thesis (MMed) -- Stellenbosch University, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: Limited facilities exist at rural hospitals for the management of newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Furthermore, the secondary and tertiary hospitals are under severe strain to accept all the referrals from rural hospitals. Many of these infants require intubation and ventilation with a resuscitation bag which must be sustained for hours until the transport team arrives. Not only is lung damage inflicted by the prolonged ventilation, but transferring the infant by helicopter and ambulance is expensive. CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure), a non-invasive form of ventilatory support, has been used successfully at regional (Level 2) and tertiary (Level 3) neonatal units, to manage infants with RDS. It is cost-effective for infants with mild to moderate grades of RDS to be managed at the rural hospital instead of being transferred to the regional secondary or tertiary hospital. CPAP was introduced to Ceres Hospital, a rural Level 1 hospital, in February 2008 for the management of infants with RDS. Aim: To determine the impact of CPAP on the management of infants with RDS in a rural level 1 hospital and whether it can reduce the number of referrals to regional hospitals. Study setting: Nursery at Ceres District Hospital, Cape Winelands District, Western Cape. Study design: Prospective cohort analytical study with an historic control group (HCG). Patients and Methods: The study group (SG) comprised all neonates with respiratory distress born between 27/02/2008 and 26/02/2010. The infants were initially resuscitated with a Neopuff® machine in labour-ward and CPAP was commenced for those with RDS. The survival and referral rates of the SG were compared to an historic control group (HCG) of infants born between 1/2/2006 to 31/01/2008 at Ceres Hospital. Results: During the 2 years of the study, 51 neonates received CPAP (34 <1800g, 17>1800g). Twenty (83%) of the SG infants between 1000g and 1800g and 23 (68%) of the infants between 500g and 1800g survived. Those <1800g that failed CPAP, had either a severe grade of RDS which required intubation and ventilation or were <1000g. Seventeen (33%) of the infants that received CPAP, were in the >1800g group. Thirteen (76%) of these infants were successfully treated with CPAP only. The four infants that failed CPAP suffered from congenital abnormalities and would not have benefited from CPAP. There was no statistically significant difference in the survival between the SG and HCG (80%) (p=0.5490) but the number of referrals decreased significantly from 21% in the HCG to 7% in the SG (p=0.0003). No complications related to CPAP treatment, such as pneumothorax, were noted. The nursing and medical staff quickly became proficient and confident in applying CPAP and were committed to the project. Conclusion: CPAP can be safely and successfully practised in infants with mild to moderate RDS in a rural Level 1 hospital. The survival rate stayed the same as the HCG, even though a higher risk infants were treated in the SG. The transfers were significantly reduced from 21% to 7%. This resulted in significant cost savings for the hospital. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: geen opsomming

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 1944. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: No Abstract Available / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geen Opsomming Beskikbaar

In the field of robotics and self-navigation, Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is a technique crucial for estimating poses while concurrently creating a map of the environment. Robotics applications often rely on various sensors for pose estimation, including cameras, inertial measurement units (IMUs), and more. Traditional discrete SLAM, utilizing stereo camera pairs and inertial measurement units, faces challenges such as time offsets between sensors. A solution to this issue is the utilization of continuous-time models for pose estimation. This thesis delves into the exploration and implementation of a continuous-time SLAM system, investigating the advantages of multi-modal sensor fusion over discrete stereo vision models. The findings indicate that incorporating an IMU into the system enhances pose estimation, providing greater robustness and accuracy compared to relying solely on visual SLAM. Furthermore, leveraging the continuous model's derivative and smoothness allows for decent pose estimation with fewer measurements, reducing the required quantity of measurements and computational resources.

Das Wurzelwachstum von Winterweizen wurde erfasst und modelliert, um teilflächenspezifisches Boden- und Düngemanagement zu verbessern. Die Variation von Wurzellängendichten im Feld wurde über zwei Vegetationsperioden hinweg an zwei unterschiedlichen Standorten in Ostdeutschland untersucht. Zur Auswertungserleichterung der hohen Anzahl an Wurzelproben, wurde eine halbautomatische Methode zur Bildanalyse von Wurzeln entwickelt. Der Einfluss von Änderungen bezüglich Bodenwasserstatus und Bodendichte bzw. Durchdringungswiderstand auf das Wurzelwachstum wurde untersucht. Die erhobenen Felddaten dienten gleichzeitig dazu, die Bodenwasser- und Wurzelwachstumsberechnung des Modells CERES-Wheat zu validieren. Das Modell simulierte die unterschiedlichen Bodeneigenschaften sowie die Wurzellängendichten und Bodenwassergehalte nur unzureichend. Der Effekt von Änderungen der Niederschlagsmengen auf die Simulationen von Wurzellängendichten und Bodenwassergehalten wurde anhand einer Unsicherheitsanalyse getestet und war extrem gering. Des Weiteren wurde eine Methode für praktische Zwecke entwickelt, mit der die Generierung von räumlich hoch aufgelösten Bodeninformationen unter Verwendung limitierter Eingangsdaten möglich ist. Die Modellkalkulationen basieren auf der Dempster-Shafer-Theorie. Anhand von multitemporal und multimodal erfassten Bodenleitfähigkeitsdaten, die Eingangsdaten für den Modellansatz sind, wurden Bodentypen und Texturklassen bestimmt. Das Modell generiert eine digitale Bodenkarte, die flächenhafte Informationen über Bodentypen und Bodeneigenschaften enthält. Die Validation der Bodenkarte mit zusätzlich erhobenen Bodeninformationen ergab gute bis sehr gute Ergebnisse. / Winter wheat root growth was measured and modelled to improve site-specific soil and fertilizer management in commercial wheat fields. Field variations in root length densities were analysed at two contrasting sites in East-Germany during two vegetation seasons. A semi-automated root analysing method was developed to facilitate analyses of large numbers of samples. Influences of variations in soil water states, bulk densities and penetration resistances on spatial distributions of roots were quantified. Differences in soil characteristics were large between the two sites and affected root growth considerably. The same field data was used for validating the soil moisture and root growth calculations of the widely applied growth model CERES-Wheat. Simulations of root length densities, soil physical properties and soil water contents were inadequate. The effects of changes of rainfall variabilities on simulated root length densities and soil water contents were tested by uncertainty analysis but were negligible low. A methodology for generating soil information for practical management purposes at a high degree of spatial resolution using limited input information was developed. The corresponding model calculations were carried out based on the Dempster and Shafer theorem. Soil types and texture classes were determined with multimodally and multitemporally captured data of soil electrical conductivities which are required input data of the new model approach. The model generates a digital map with extensive information of spatial variations in soil properties. The validation of the generated soil map with soil data from independent measurements yielded close correlation between measured and calculated values.