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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
451

Infecção genital pelo hpv em adolescentes: diagnóstico biomolecular / The HPV genital infection in adolescents: biomolecular diagnosis

Barros, Luiza Daura Fragoso de 13 July 2006 (has links)
The present study was to diagnose and classify the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) in pregnant and non-pregnant adolescents, as study the risk factors related to the infection, identify the multiples oncogenics types presents in the study people and associate the differents types of HPV with cytology and colposcopy findings. Methodologic design: the type of study was prospective, descriptive and transversal coorte. Was study 111 sexually active adolescents, between 10 and 19 years old, patients of the Gynecology Service of the Professor Alberto Antunes University Hospital of the Federal University of Alagoas (HUPAA-UFAL). Was utilized the polymerase chain reaction / restriction fragment length polymorphism - sequencing (PCR/RFLPs) to identification of the virus. Results: the viral percentual in the inferior genital tract was 27% of the cases. The molecular genotyping revealed high risk viral genetic material - HPV 16, 33, 51, 58, 66, 1S39, CP8304 and LVX100, in 28,5% of the cases, low oncogenic risk - HPV 6, 11, 53, 61 e CP141, in 40% and, the other 31,4%, considered the indeterminate type, include high and low risk virus. This more incident type is found isolated or associated to other viral types and appears in 40% of the positive cases. The viral infection rate among the pregnant adolescents was 11,7%. The HPV genital infection was associated with a past of sexually transmitted diseases and the consumption of alcohol by the adolescent. The frequency of adolescents infected by HPV, associated to low grade intraepithelial lesion, was 5,0%. No associations were observed between the specific types of HPV and the cytology and colposcopy findings among the studied adolescents. / O objetivo do presente estudo foi para diagnosticar e classificar o papilomavírus humano (HPV) em adolescentes grávidas e não grávidas, bem como estudar os fatores de risco para a infecção, identificar os diversos tipos oncogênicos presentes na população estudada e associar os diferentes tipos de HPV com achados da citologia e colposcopia. Desenho metodológico: o tipo de estudo foi prospectivo, descritivo e de coorte transversal. Foram estudadas 111 adolescentes sexualmente ativas, entre 10 e 19 anos, atendidas no Serviço de Ginecologia do Hospital Universitário Prof. Alberto Antunes da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (HUPAA-UFAL). Utilizou-se a reação de polimerase em cadeia/polimorfismo de comprimento de fragmentos de restrição - sequenciamento (PCR/RFLPs), para a identificação do vírus. Resultados: o percentual do vírus no trato genital inferior foi de 27%. A genotipagem molecular revelou material genético viral de alto risco - HPV 16, 33, 51, 58, 66, 1S39, CP8304 e LVX100, em 28.5% dos casos, enquanto que os de baixo risco oncogênico - HPV 6b, 11, 53, 61 e CP141, em 40%. Os demais 31,4%, foram do tipo considerado indeterminado, que incluem vírus de alto e baixo risco. Esse tipo mais incidente encontra-se isolado ou associado a outros tipos virais e aparece em 40% do total dos casos positivos. A taxa de infecção viral entre as gestantes foi de 11,7%. A infecção genital pelo HPV teve associação com o passado de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e com o consumo de álcool pela adolescente. A freqüência de adolescentes infectadas pelo HPV, associada à lesão intra-epitelial de baixo grau foi de 5,0%. Não foram observadas associações tipo-específicas do HPV com os achados da citologia e da colposcopia entre as adolescentes estudadas.
452

Knowledge, attitude and practices on cervical cancer screening and prevention methods among nurses at two Nairobi hospitals in Kenya

Kieti, Susan Ndila 06 1900 (has links)
Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cause of death from cancer among women in Kenya. Various international studies indicate that the knowledge level of cervical cancer and its predisposing and preventive measures is low among the nurses as well as general population. This study aimed to assess knowledge, practices and attitudes of nurses with regards to cervical cancer screening and preventive measures at two Nairobi hospitals in Kenya. Across-sectional quantitative descriptive study design was used. Convenience sampling method was applied and data were collected from respondents using self-administered questionnaire. About 114 nurses aged 18 years and above participated in the study. The study revealed that nurses have the information about cervical cancer, available screening tests and the purpose of screening. Nurses have the knowledge that cancer screening could detect this cancer at an early stage; however, uptake is low. Cervical screening services were hampered by barriers relating to health care institutions, nurses perception and fear of screening technique, embarrassment, stigma, social influence, financial costs and available sources of information / Health Studies / M.A. (Nursing Science)
453

Knowledge of cervical cancer and awareness of screening regimes/routines among HIV positive women in Swaziland

Chili, Thembisile 02 1900 (has links)
Background Cervical cancer is one of the common cancers worldwide. Despite the available screening services, the uptake of cancer of the cervix is very low. The incidence and mortality in western countries has reduced greatly due to the introduction of cervical cancer screening programmes. However, this is not the same in Africa where cervical cancer is more prevalent in lower resource countries to lack of access to effective screening and services that enhances early detection and treatment. Purpose/Aim of the study The purpose of this research is to determine knowledge of cervical cancer and the level of awareness of screening regimes/routines among HIV positive women in Swaziland. The study was conducted at one hospital specifically at the HIV Care Unit and Public Health Unit between January and June 2015. Methods The questionnaire was administered to collect data and consisted both open and close-ended questions. The questionnaire comprises of three sections: Section A: Socio-demographic data and Section B: Awareness on Cervical Cancer. Section C: Awareness/knowledge on cervical cancer screening. The sample consisted of 123 HIV positive who are on antiretroviral therapy (ART) or ART naive. The mean age for the respondents was 35 years. Results From this study, N=28 (23%) out of 123 (77%) reported to have received annual Pap smear for cervical cancer screening. A low proportion of the respondents (45%) had knowledge on cervical cancer screening. In addition, 63% of those who got information about cervical cancer screening through the radio perceived themselves to be at risk of getting cervical cancer. Only 4% heard about cervical cancer at the ART clinic, despite having been followed up for their care at the HIV clinic. Those who screened for cervical cancer were younger in age 25-34 years (80%). This study also revealed that education increased the changes of a woman to be screened for cervical cancer. If a woman had a university or high school education, she perceived herself to be at risk of getting cervical cancer. Conclusion Knowledge is power, cervical cancer campaigns should be conducted at national level in order to promote prevention through screening. Cervical cancer screening should be fully integrated into HIV services / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)
454

Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour towards Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and HPV vaccine among parents with adolescent girls 9 to 13 years in Sefhare, Botswana

Senatla, Kgola Tebogo 11 1900 (has links)
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common cause of sexually transmitted diseases. It is the causative agent of cervical cancer, anal, and penile cancers. The purpose of the study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and behaviour of parents towards HPV and HPV vaccine in preventing cervical cancer in girls aged 9 to 13 years and HPV vaccine uptake. The study was conducted in Sefhare village, in the Central District of Botswana. The researcher selected a quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional research design and data was collected using a questionnaire in face-to-face interviews. The study population consisted of parents of adolescent girls of ages 9-13 years living in four wards of Sefhare village. Data was analysed using SPSS version 19. The study found a high level (71.8%) of knowledge about HPV infection, cervical cancer and HPV vaccine and a positive attitude (81.5%) and behaviour (62%) towards the HPV vaccine. / Health Studies / M.P.H.
455

Sexualita pacientek po prosté a radikální hysterektomii pro zhoubné nebo nezhoubné gynekologické onemocnění / Sexuality of patients after simple and radical hysterectomy for bening or malignant gynaecologic disease

Vrzáčková, Petra January 2013 (has links)
Background: Cervical carcinoma is frequently diagnosis of young, sexually active women. Radical hysterectomy, as a basic therapeutic modality of early stages of cervical cancer, has very positive oncogynaecologic results. On the opposite site it has it's significant morbidity including bladder and rectal dysfunctions, lymphedemas, and deterioration in patient's sexual life. Methods: Data of forty one patients undergoing radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer were used for analysis, as well as data of forty nine patients undergoing simple hysterectomy for benign gynacologic disease and fifty three healthy controls Participants filled out sexual function and quality of life questionnaires before surgery and three and six months postoperatively. Results: The most important finding was statistically significant worsening in objective arousal in cervical cancer patients (p = 0,041). Also decrease in libido and higher frequency of dyspareunia was registered. Patients undergoing simple hysterectomy showed decreasing trend in sexual dysfunctions, mainly in severe dyspareunia. Conclusions: Radical hysterectomy for cervical carcinoma has a risk of arousal disorder, libido decrease and worsening of dyspareunia. Psychosexual counselling decreases frequency of early postoperative sexual dysfunctions.
456

Polimorfismo do códon 72 do gene p53 e risco de infecções persistentes por papiloma vírus humano (HPV) e neoplasia do colo uterino / Polymorphism of codon 72 of the p53 gene and risk of persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and cervical neoplasia

Tatiana Rabachini 20 December 2002 (has links)
Nos últimos anos, inúmeros estudos epidemiológicos evidenciaram a forte associação entre o carcinoma do colo uterino e a infecção por papilomavírus humano (HPV). Esta associação deriva do reconhecimento de que estes vírus codificam oncoproteínas, dentre as quais E6 e E7, que apresentam propriedades transformantes. O produto do gene E7 se liga ao produto do gene retinoblastoma que perde a sua função de regular negativamente o ciclo celular. O produto do gene E6 se liga ao produto do gene supressor de tumor p53 levando a sua degradação pela via de proteólise dependente de ubiquitina. O gene p53 é um supressor tumoral com função de regulação do ciclo celular que apresenta vários polimorfismos distintos em diversos grupos étnicos e tem sido amplamente estudado tanto em tecidos normais quanto em tecidos tumorais. O polimorfismo do códon 72 do gene i>p53 é o mais estudado e pode apresentar três alelos diferentes na população. Um alelo codifica arginina (Arg), um codifica prolina (Pro) e outro, raramente encontrado, codifica cisteína (Cys). Em 1993 foi iniciado um estudo epidemiológico da história natural da infecção por HPV e neoplasia da cérvice uterina em uma população feminina de baixa renda em São Paulo (Brasil), uma das áreas de maior risco em todo o mundo. O estudo focaliza a infecção persistente por tipos oncogênicos de HPV como evento precursor que leva à carcinogênese do colo do útero e visa entender os atributos da história natural da infecção viral e das doenças associadas ao colo uterino. Um dos objetivos deste estudo é avaliar se o polimorfismo do códon 72 do gene p53 pode, ou não, ser utilizado como marcador de predisposição ao câncer do colo do útero uma vez que um estudo inicial relatou que pacientes portando o genótipo p53Arg homozigoto seriam 7 vezes mais susceptíveis ao desenvolvimento de neoplasia da cérvice uterina que pacientes contendo o genótipo p53Pro e heterozigoto p53Pro/ Arg. Contudo, vários estudos posteriores contradizem e corroboram esses achados. O presente projeto teve como objetivos, portanto, verificar se o polimorfismo do códon 72 do gene p53 poderia estar associado a infecções persistentes por HPV e ao risco de neoplasia do colo do útero, além de comparar metodologias de detecção utilizadas por outros estudos, visando esclarecer se os motivos que levam à discordância dos resultados podem ser atribuídos a ocorrência de erros classificatórios metodológicos. Ao todo, sete metodologias de detecção foram comparadas. Apenas uma delas, PCR alelo-específica, apresentou resultado discordante das demais utilizadas. Coincidentemente, essa metodologia foi amplamente utilizada por muitos estudos que encontraram associações tanto positivas quanto negativas. Isso poderia nos dar indícios de que os erros classificatórios dependentes de metodologia poderiam influenciar os resultados de correlação entre o polimorfismo do códon 72 e o risco de neoplasia do colo do útero. As correlações observadas por este trabalho entre este polimorfismo do códon 72 e o risco de neoplasia do colo uterino não mostraram associação deste polimorfismo com o risco de infecções persistentes por HPV e as lesões precursoras do carcinoma do colo uterino. / In recent years, a number of epidemiological studies have pointed toward a strong association between cervical cancer and infection by Human Papillomavirus (HPV). This association derives from the discovery that these viruses code for oncoproteins, among them E6 and E7 that have transforming properties. The E7 gene product associates with the retinoblastoma gene product, causing the latter to lose its function as a negative regulator of the cell cycle. The E6 gene product interacts with the tumor suppressor p53 gene product, resulting in its degradation via ubiquitin dependent proteolysis. The p53 gene is a tumor suppressor that funcions in the regulation of the cell cycle. It presents a number of distinct polymorfisms in diverse ethnic groups, and has been widely studied, both in normal and tumor tissues. The polymorfism of codon 72 is the most studied, and may present three different alleles in the population. One allele codes for arginine (Arg), another codes for proline (Pro), and a third, rarely found, codes for cystein (Cys). In 1993 an epidemilogical study of the natural history of infection by HPV and its possible association with cervical neoplasia was initiated in a population of low income females in São Paulo, Brazil, one of the areas of greatest risk in the world. The study focuses on persistent infection by oncogenic types of HPV as a precursor to carcinogenesis of the cervix, and seeks to understand the attributes of the natural history of viral infection and of illnesses associated with the cervix. One of the objectives of the study is to evaluate if the polymorfisms of codon 72 of p53 can or not be used as a marker of predisposition to cervical cancer, given the finding in the initial study that patients who were homozygous for the p53Arg genotype were 7 times more susceptible to developing cervical neoplasias than those patients who were homozygous for p53Pro, or heterozygous p53 Pro/ Arg. Previous studies have been realized both supporting and disputing these findings. The current study had two main objectives: to verify if the polymorfism of p53 codon 72 could be associated with persistent infections of HPV and the risk of cervical neoplasia, as well as to compare methods of detection used by other studies, in an attempt to clarify if the discording results of past studies could be due to methodological classification errors. Seven detection methods were compared. Only one of these, allele specific PCR, presented discording results from the rest. Coincidentally, this method was widely used in a number of studies which found both positive and negative associations. This might indicate that the method-dependent classification errors could influence the results of correlation between codon 72 polymorphism and the risk of cervical neoplasia. The correlations observed by this study did not demonstrate an association between codon 72 polymorphism and the risk of persistent HPV infection and precursor lesions of cervical cancer.
457

Impacto da educação continuada realizada pelo laboratório de monitoramento externo da qualidade na acuidade dos resultados dos exames citopatológicos do colo do útero / Impact of continued education provided by the external quality control laboratory on the accuracy of the cervical cytopathology exams

Ázara, Cinara Zago Silveira 21 March 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-02-01T16:26:34Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Cinara Zago Silveira Ázara - 2014.pdf: 1797247 bytes, checksum: dedf8ad11c953018be611e39ac085e44 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-02-02T06:54:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Cinara Zago Silveira Ázara - 2014.pdf: 1797247 bytes, checksum: dedf8ad11c953018be611e39ac085e44 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-02T06:54:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Cinara Zago Silveira Ázara - 2014.pdf: 1797247 bytes, checksum: dedf8ad11c953018be611e39ac085e44 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-21 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / The effectiveness of cytopathology exams demands high quality training, continued education and highly skilled professionals to guarantee a reliable, accurate exam, aimed at reducing false results. Objective: To evaluate the effect of a continued education program conducted by the External Quality Control Monitoring Laboratory (LabMEQ), assessing the agreement of the results and internal quality control indicators. Methods: To analyze the agreement of the results, 19,826 exams conducted between 2007 and 2011 and selected through the cervical cancer data system (SISCOLO) were evaluated, 9,798 of these exams having been performed prior to the implementation of continued education and 10,028 after implementation. The statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test, with p-values < 0.05 being considered statistically significant and the kappa coefficient was calculated. To analyze the internal quality control indicators, 185,194 exams performed between 2007 and 2012 were evaluated. Data for these exams were obtained from the SISCOLO, with 98,133 having been performed prior to the implementation of continued education and 87,061 after implementation. The following indicators were calculated: positivity index (PI), percentage of exams compatible with a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL/satisfactory), percentage of atypical squamous cells among all abnormal smears (ASC/abnormal) and the ratio between atypical squamous cells and intraepithelial lesions (ASC/SIL). Continued education was provided every two months to the professionals from the participating laboratories in the form of theoretical and practical classes to discuss discordant cases and the standardization of cytomorphological criteria. Results: After the implementation of continued education, a reduction was found in the percentage of false-negative results that lead to delays in clinical management in eight laboratories and there was an improvement in the rate of false-positive results in five. There was no improvement observed in the unsatisfactory results. The agreement of the cytopathology exam results, according to the clinical management, remained excellent in three laboratories (kappa > 0.80), increased from good (kappa > 0.60 and < 0.80) to excellent (kappa > 0.80) in seven and from excellent to good in two laboratories. The agreement in the identification of the metaplastic epithelium, which was poor (kappa = 0.25), was classified as excellent after implementation of the continued education program (kappa = 0.95). The agreement of the results, according to the diagnosis, improved significantly following continued education in unsatisfactory cases (p<0.001), in cases of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) and atypical squamous cells cannot exclude HSIL (p<0.001), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (p<0.001) and atypical glandular cells (p<0.001). Following implementation of the continued education program, the positivity index (PI) remained within recommended limits in four laboratories. In another four laboratories, the PI progressed from below the limits to within the recommended standards. In one laboratory, the PI remained low, in two laboratories, it remained very low, and in one, it increased from very low to low. The HSIL/satisfactory remained within the recommended limits in five laboratories, while in three laboratories it progressed from below the recommended levels to >0.4% of the total number of satisfactory exams, and in four laboratories it remained below the standard limit. Both the percentage of ASC/abnormal and the ratio ASC/SIL remained within recommended levels in all the laboratories investigated. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the continued education program conducted by LabMEQ with the laboratories was effective as a measure aimed at standardizing cytomorphological criteria, since there was an improvement in the reproducibility of the results and in the indicators of internal quality control, leading to a reduction in the number of false results. / A efetividade do exame citopatológico requer treinamento de alta qualidade, educação continuada e qualificação dos profissionais para garantir um exame confiável e eficiente, visando à redução de resultados falsos do teste. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da educação continuada realizada pelo Laboratório de Monitoramento Externo da Qualidade (LabMEQ), verificando a concordância dos resultados e os indicadores de monitoramento interno da qualidade. Métodos: Para análise da concordância dos resultados foram avaliados 19.826 exames selecionados pelo Sistema de Informações do Câncer do Colo do Útero (SISCOLO) no período de 2007 a 2011, sendo 9.798 anteriores a educação continuada e 10.028 após a educação continuada. A análise estatística foi realizada através do teste de qui-quadrado com p < 0,05 e do coeficiente Kappa. Para a análise dos indicadores de monitoramento interno da qualidade foram avaliados 185.194 exames no período de 2007 a 2012, cujas informações foram obtidas por meio do SISCOLO, sendo 98.133 anteriores a educação continuada e 87.061 após a educação continuada. Foram calculados os indicadores índice de positividade (IP), percentual de exames compatíveis com lesão intraepitelial escamosa de alto grau (HSIL/satisfatórios), percentual de células escamosas atípicas dentre os exames alterados (ASC/alterados) e razão de células escamosas atípicas/lesões intraepiteliais escamosas (ASC/SIL). A educação continuada foi realizada a cada dois meses com os profissionais dos laboratórios por meio de encontros teóricos e práticos para discutir os casos discordantes e uniformização dos critérios citomorfológicos. Resultados: Verificou-se que, após a educação continuada, houve redução no percentual de resultados falso-negativos e com retardo de conduta clínica em oito laboratórios e dos falso-positivos em cinco. Em relação aos resultados insatisfatórios, não houve melhora. A concordância dos resultados dos exames citopatológicos, em relação à conduta clínica, manteve-se excelente em três laboratórios com Kappa>0,80, passou de concordância boa (Kappa > 0,60 e < 0,80) para excelente (Kappa> 0,80) em sete laboratórios e de concordância excelente para boa em dois. A concordância na identificação do epitélio metaplásico que era pobre (Kappa=0,25) passou a excelente (Kappa=0,95). A concordância dos resultados, em relação as categorias de diagnóstico, melhorou significativamente após a educação continuada nos casos insatisfatórios (p< 0,001), células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado e não se pode afastar HSIL (p<0,001), lesão intraepitelial escamosa de baixo grau (p<0,001) e atipias glandulares (p<0,001). Após a educação continuada, quatro laboratórios mantiveram o IP dentro do recomendado, quatro que estavam abaixo passaram a ter o IP dentro do recomendado, um permaneceu baixo, dois permaneceram muito baixo e um passou de muito baixo para baixo. Em relação ao indicador HSIL/satisfatórios, cinco laboratórios mantiveram o índice dentro do recomendado, três que estavam abaixo do recomendado passaram a ter esse índice acima de 0,4 e quatro permaneceram abaixo do recomendado. Os indicadores ASC/alterados e razão ASC/SIL mantiveram-se dentro do recomendado em todos os laboratórios. Conclusão: Os resultados desse estudo mostraram que a educação continuada realizada pelo LabMEQ com os laboratórios são eficientes como medida de uniformização dos critérios citomorfológicos uma vez que houve melhoria na concordância dos resultados e nos indicadores de monitoramento interno da qualidade, levando a uma redução dos resultados falsos do teste.
458

Eficiência do pré-escrutínio rápido, revisão aleatória de 10% e critérios clínicos de risco como métodos de controle interno da qualidade dos exames citopatológicos cervicais / Efficiency of rapid prescreening, 10% random review and review based on clinical risk criteria as methods of internal quality control of cervical smear testing

TAVARES, Suelene Brito do Nascimento 06 September 2007 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:29:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Suelene Brito do Nascimento Tavares.pdf: 1452329 bytes, checksum: 6d86236e3c08daf9227c6b9f207128b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-09-06 / Cytopathology is an effective method of screening for cervical cancer; however, this method has high rates of false-negative results (FNR). To reduce FNR, routine measures of internal and external quality control are required in laboratories. The 10% random review of negative smears (R-10%) is the most commonly used method; however, it is not effective in reducing FNR. Nevertheless, there is evidence that the review of smears selected according to clinical risk factors (RCRF) and rapid prescreening (RPS) of all smears present good results. This study evaluated the performance of RPS, R-10% and RCRF as methods of internal quality control of cervical smear testing. The sample was composed of a total of 6,135 cervical smears from women who had attended Basic Health Clinics in Goiânia Goiás between March 2006 and March 2007. The cytopathological results were classified according to the 2001 Bethesda System. Initially, 6,135 smears were submitted to RPS followed by routine scrutiny (RS). Following RS, smears classified as negative were selected on the basis of clinical risk criteria, while 10% of all the smears were selected randomly, both sets then being submitted to the respective reviews. Four cytologists were responsible for RPS, RS, R-10% and RCRF, and three for reviewing the abnormal and discordant smears from any of the reviews. The smears classified as negative in RPS, RS, R-10% and RCRF were considered to have a final diagnosis (FD) of negative. Smears considered suspect or unsatisfactory at RPS were analyzed separately by two other cytologists. Smears considered abnormal or unsatisfactory at RS, R-10% and/or RCRF were likewise reviewed. When the two reviewing cytologists reached concordant diagnoses, these were considered the FD. Discordant results were analyzed by a third cytologist and a consensus meeting was held to define the FD. All stages of the study were performed blinded except for the consensus meeting. Smears classified as negative at RS, which were suspect at RPS and/or considered abnormal at R-10% and RCRF and confirmed abnormal in the FD, were considered FN results. Of the 6,135 smears, 5,522 were classified as negative, 84 as unsatisfactory and 529 as abnormal in the FD. Sensitivity of RPS was 63.0% for all abnormalities and 96.7% for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) compared to RS. The sensitivity of RPS was 74.9% for all abnormalities and 95.0% for HSIL compared to FD. The sensitivity of R-10% was 53.8% for all abnormalities when compared to FD. R-10% failed to detect any cases of HSIL. The sensitivity of RCRF was 64.0% for all abnormalities and 75.0% for HSIL compared to the FD. RPS identified an additional 132 (2.15%) abnormal smears, whereas R-10% and RCRF identified an additional 7 (0.11%) and 32 (0.52%), respectively. In conclusion, RPS is an effective method of internal quality control and has better sensitivity than R-10% and RCRF for the detection of FN results. It also allows the FN rate of the laboratory to be monitored and permits continuous evaluation of the prescreening cytologist and the routine screening cytologist. / O exame citopatológico é um método eficiente para prevenir o câncer do colo do útero, no entanto, apresenta altas taxas de resultados falso-negativos (RFN). Para reduzir os RFN, são necessárias medidas de controle interno e externo da qualidade na rotina dos laboratórios. O método de revisão aleatória de 10% dos esfregaços negativos (R-10%) é o mais utilizado, no entanto, não é eficiente para reduzir os RFN. Porém, há evidências de que a revisão dos esfregaços selecionados por critérios clínicos de risco (RCCR) e o pré-escrutínio rápido (PER) apresentam bons resultados. Esse estudo comparou o desempenho do PER, R-10% e RCCR como métodos de controle interno da qualidade dos esfregaços cervicais. A casuística foi constituída por 6.135 esfregaços citopatológicos cervicais de mulheres atendidas nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Goiânia GO, no período de março de 2006 a março de 2007. Os resultados citopatológicos foram classificados de acordo com o Sistema de Bethesda 2001. Inicialmente 6.135 esfregaços foram submetidos ao PER e em seguida ao escrutínio de rotina (ER). Após o ER os esfregaços classificados como negativos foram selecionados com base em critérios clínicos de risco e aleatoriamente 10% do total de esfregaços e submetidos às respectivas revisões. Quatro citologistas foram responsáveis pelo PER, ER, R-10% e RCCR e três pelas revisões dos esfregaços alterados e discordantes em qualquer revisão. Os esfregaços com resultados negativos no PER, ER, R-10% e RCCR foram considerados diagnóstico final (DF). Os esfregaços com resultados suspeitos ou insatisfatórios, pelo PER, foram analisados separadamente por dois outros citologistas. Também os esfregaços cujos resultados foram considerados alterados ou insatisfatórios pelo ER, R-10% e/ou RCCR foram igualmente revisados. Quando os dois citologistas revisores emitiram diagnósticos concordantes estes foram considerados DF. Os resultados discordantes foram analisados por um terceiro citologista e em uma reunião de consenso foi definido o DF. Todas as etapas do estudo foram realizadas às cegas, exceto na reunião de consenso. Os esfregaços classificados como negativos pelo ER que foram suspeitos pelo PER e/ou alterados nas R-10% e RCCR e confirmados pelo DF foram considerados RFN. Dos 6.135 esfregaços, 5.522 foram classificados como negativos, 84 como insatisfatórios e 529 como alterados pelo DF. A sensibilidade do PER foi de 63,0% para todas as anormalidades e de 96,7% para lesão intra-epitelial escamosa de alto grau (HSIL) quando comparado ao ER. A sensibilidade do PER foi de 74,9% para todas as anormalidades e de 95,0% para HSIL quando comparado ao DF. A sensibilidade da R-10% foi de 53,8% para todas as anormalidades quando comparado ao DF e não detectou nenhuma HSIL, enquanto a sensibilidade da RCCR foi de 64,0% para todas as anormalidades e de 75,0% para HSIL quando comparado ao DF. O PER acrescentou 132 (2,15%) esfregaços alterados, enquanto que a R-10% e a RCCR acrescentaram sete (0,11%) e 32 (0,52%), respectivamente. Enfim, o PER é uma alternativa eficiente de controle interno da qualidade, apresentando maior sensibilidade que as R-10% e RCCR na detecção de RFN. Permite, ainda, monitorar a taxa de RFN do laboratório, assim como avaliar continuamente o desempenho tanto do pré-escrutinador quanto do escrutinador de rotina.
459

Redes de atenção à saúde: atenção básica no cuidado à saúde da mulher / Care networks health care: primary care in the women's health

Melo, Emily Nayana Nasmar de 31 March 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-30T14:54:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Emily Nayana Nasmar de Melo.pdf - 2016.pdf: 2243721 bytes, checksum: ae10dc7c78aa94c3b8d35caac7dd0958 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-30T14:54:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Emily Nayana Nasmar de Melo.pdf - 2016.pdf: 2243721 bytes, checksum: ae10dc7c78aa94c3b8d35caac7dd0958 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-30T14:54:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Emily Nayana Nasmar de Melo.pdf - 2016.pdf: 2243721 bytes, checksum: ae10dc7c78aa94c3b8d35caac7dd0958 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-31 / Breast cancers and the cervix are the most incidents among women brazilian and why public policy has been implemented with a view to reducing morbidity and mortality from these neoplasms, with policies assists in health of women. There are global and Brazilian evidence that the best way to win comprehensiveness is through the Health Care Networks in the Primary Care coordinates and organizes the care and thus should have its rated performance. Objective: To analyze the structure and process of primary care to health in care network to cancers of the cervix and breast in the State of Goiás. Method: This is a descriptive, analytical study, cross-sectional. At information was obtained from the evaluation of the national basic database External Access Improvement Programme and Quality of Primary Care (PMAQ-AB), second cycle, for the state of Goiás. The study included 975 Basic Health Units of the 246 municipalities in the state of Goiás that answered the module and 1179 professionals who answered the interviews module II of the third phase of the research, which makes up the linked external evaluation the PMAQ-AB. For data analysis, the Health Regions of the State of Goiás were divided into five categories. Results: In the table layout gynecological and focus light for examination all categories results satisfactory. In the women's record component requirements for undertaking the Pap smear of the cervix, 80.3% of Primary Care Teams State of Goias said perform this action, 51.4% of the teams use risk stratification protocols for cervical cancer presenting a very high variation of category 1 (28.4%) for category 4 (71.1%). All categories showed good results for the collection of examination Papanicolaou. Category 1 had the lowest indicator with 24.6% of the teams performing registration of eligible women for a mammogram and use risk stratification protocols. The category 5, more results satisfactory in components, mammography examination request (97.7%), record of users referred to other points of care (49.1%) and conducting an active search for women with breast cancer (80.8%) when compared to other categories. The Primary Care shown in fragile coordination of care for cervical cancer of the uterus and breast and, consequently, the ordination of assistance in other points of attention is impaired. Investment is required of managers in the implementation and implement more effective health policies to strengthen Primary Care and the change of behavior of primary care teams for better performance of its assistance to women's health. / Os cânceres de mama e de colo do útero são os mais incidentes entre as mulheres brasileiras e por isso políticas públicas tem sido implementadas com vistas à redução da morbimortalidade por essas neoplasias, com políticas assistências na área de saúde da mulher. Há evidências mundiais e brasileiras de que a melhor forma de conquistar a integralidade é através das Redes de Atenção à Saúde em que a Atenção Básica coordena e organiza o cuidado e, assim, deve ter seu desempenho avaliado. Objetivo: Analisar estrutura e processo da Atenção Básica à Saúde na Rede de Atenção aos Cânceres do colo do útero e da mama no Estado de Goiás. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, analítico, de corte transversal. As informações foram obtidas a partir do banco de dados de base nacional da avaliação externa do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB), segundo ciclo, para o Estado de Goiás. Participaram do estudo 975 Unidades Básicas de Saúde dos 246 municípios do Estado de Goiás que responderam ao módulo I e 1179 profissionais que responderam as entrevistas do módulo II da terceira fase da pesquisa, que compõe a avaliação externa vinculada ao PMAQ-AB. Para análise dos dados, as Regiões de Saúde do Estado de Goiás foram divididas em cinco categorias. Resultados: Na disposição de mesa ginecológica e foco de luz para exame todas as categorias apresentaram resultados satisfatórios. No componente registro das mulheres com requisitos para a realização do exame colpocitológico do colo do útero, 80,3% das Equipes de Atenção Básica do Estado de Goiás afirmaram realizar esta ação, 51,4% das equipes utilizam protocolos de estratificação de risco para o câncer de colo do útero apresentando uma variação muito alta da categoria 1 (28,4%) para a categoria 4 (71,1%). Todas as categorias apresentaram bons resultados para a coleta do exame de Papanicolaou. A categoria 1 apresentou o menor indicador com 24,6% das equipes realizando registro das mulheres elegíveis para o exame de mamografia e utilização de protocolos de estratificação de risco. A categoria 5 apresentou resultados mais satisfatórios nos componentes, solicitação de exame de mamografia (97,7%), registro de usuárias encaminhadas para outros pontos de atenção (49,1%) e realização de busca ativa de mulheres com câncer de mama (80,8%) quando comparadas as demais categorias. A Atenção Básica se mostra frágil na coordenação do cuidado aos cânceres do colo do útero e da mama e, consequentemente, a ordenação da assistência nos outros pontos de atenção fica prejudicada. É necessário o investimento dos gestores na implantação e implementação de políticas de saúde mais efetivas que visem o fortalecimento da Atenção Básica e a mudança de comportamento das Equipes de Atenção Básica para melhor desempenho de sua assistência à saúde da mulher.
460

A prevenção do câncer de colo de útero e de mama em trabalhadoras técnico - administrativas (TAE) de uma universidade pública

França, Melissa de Fátima 27 February 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-26T12:41:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 melissadefatimafranca.pdf: 3155000 bytes, checksum: 747df8478e7d858eeb23d7713906b20c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-27T11:28:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 melissadefatimafranca.pdf: 3155000 bytes, checksum: 747df8478e7d858eeb23d7713906b20c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T11:28:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 melissadefatimafranca.pdf: 3155000 bytes, checksum: 747df8478e7d858eeb23d7713906b20c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / O câncer constitui uma preocupação crescente da população, já que vem ganhando uma dimensão maior e convertendo-se em um evidente problema de saúde pública mundial. A Política Nacional de Controle do Câncer tem o intuito de reduzir a incidência e a mortalidade do câncer através da conscientização dos fatores de risco e medidas para a detecção precoce dos cânceres passíveis de rastreamento, com acesso a um tratamento equitativo e de qualidade. Diante da importância da realização de pesquisas nessa área o presente estudo teve como objetivos analisar a realização de exames preventivos das neoplasias do colo do útero e de mama nas funcionárias Técnico-Administrativas em Educação (TAE) de uma Universidade Pública e seus fatores associados. Para isso foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico de delineamento transversal com 399 TAEs. Como instrumento de coleta de dados utilizou-se um questionário autopreenchível com questões relacionadas à realização de exames preventivos do câncer de colo de útero e de mama e aos fatores sócio demográficos, condições de saúde e hábitos de vida. Os dados foram processados através dos programas estatísticos Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) e Stata. Para o desfecho “não realização de Papanicolaou” as variáveis faixa etária 60-69 anos (RP 4,17 IC 95% 2,47-7,04), não ter ficado impedida de realizar atividades habituais por problemas de saúde nas duas últimas semanas (RP 2,22 IC 95% 1,04-4,75) e não estar em dia com a realização da mamografia (RP 5,00 IC 95% 2,65-9,41) aumentaram a probabilidade de não estar em dia ou não realizar o exame preventivo. Com relação à “não realização do exame clínico das mamas” as variáveis consumo adequado de verduras (RP 0,92 IC 95% 0,86-0,99), possuir um ou mais parentes com quem possa se falar sobre quase tudo (rede social) (RP 0,85 IC 95% 0,76-0,95) e possuir horário de trabalho irregular (RP 0,83 IC 95% 0,75-0,91) diminuíram a probabilidade de não realizar tal exame. O fato de não realizar ou não estar em dia com a mamografia aumentou a probabilidade de não fazer o exame clínico das mamas (RP 1,22 IC 95% 1,14-1,30). Já quanto à “não realização de mamografia” o fato de não realizar ou não estar em dia com os exames Papanicolaou (RP 3,07 IC 95% 1,86- 5,08) e exame clínico das mamas (RP 4,99 IC 95% 2,61-9,53) aumentaram a probabilidade de também não realizar o exame de mamografia. Destaca-se assim a importância da prática e incentivo de ações de prevenção do câncer na população de mulheres trabalhadoras, visando a uma melhor condição de saúde e qualidade de vida das mesmas. / Cancer is a growing concern of the population, as has been gaining increasing in size and becoming an obvious problem of global public health. The National Cancer Control Policy aims to reduce the incidence and mortality of cancer by raising awareness of risk factors and measures for the early detection of cancers amenable to screening with access to fair treatment and quality. Given the importance of conducting research in this area this study aimed to analyze the preventive examinations of cancer of the cervix and breast cancer in employees Technical and Administrative Education (TAE) of a public university and its associated factors. To this was accomplished an epidemiological cross-sectional study with 399 TAE’s. As data collection instrument used a self-administered questionnaire with questions related to preventive examinations of cervical and breast cancer and sociodemographic factors, health and lifestyle habits. Data were analyzed using the statistical software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Stata. For the outcome not for Papanicolaou the variables age group 60-69 years (PR 4.17 95% CI 2.47 to 7.04), have not been prevented from performing daily activities due to health problems in the last two weeks (PR 2.22 95% CI 1.04 to 4.75) and not be up to date with mammography (PR 5.00 95% CI 2.65 to 9.41) increased the likelihood of not being up to date or not perform the screening. Regarding the non-completion of the clinical examination of the variables adequate intake of vegetables breasts (PR 0.92 95% CI from 0.86 to 0.99), have one or more relatives with whom you can talk about almost anything (social network) (PR 0.85 95% CI 0.76 to 0.95) and have irregular working hours (PR 0.83 95% CI 0.75 to 0.91) decreased the probability of not conduct such an examination. Failure to perform or not keep up with mammography increased the probability of not doing clinical breast exam (PR 1.22 95% CI 1.14 to 1.30). As for the non-completion of mammography the failure to perform or not keep up with the Papanicolaou (PR 3.07 95% CI 5.08 1, 86) and clinical breast exam (PR 4.99 95% CI 2.61 to 9.53) increased the likelihood of also not perform the examination mammography. Stands out as well the importance of practice and encouragement cancer prevention actions in the population of working women in order to better health condition and quality of life for them.

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