Wideband measurements of the mobile-to-mobile channel, especially of the harshest channels, are necessary for proper design and certification testing of mobile-to-mobile communications systems. A complete measurement implies that the Doppler and delay characteristics are measured jointly. However, such measurements have not previously been published. The main objective of the proposed research is to develop channel models for specific scenarios from data obtained in a wideband mobile-to-mobile measurement campaign in the 5.9 GHz frequency band. For this purpose we developed a channel sounding system including a novel combined waveform. In order to quantify and qualify either the recorded channel or the proposed generated channel, we developed a simulation test-bed that includes all the characteristics of the proposed digital short range communications (DSRC) standard. The resulting channel models needed to comply with the specifications required by hardware channel emulators or software channel simulators. From the obtained models, we selected one to be included in the IEEE 802.11p standard certification test. To further aid in the development of software radio based receivers, we also developed an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) synchronization algorithm to analyze and compensate synchronization errors produced by inaccessible system clocks.

Magnetic recording systems have reached a point where the grain size can no longer be reduced due to energy stability constraints. As a new magnetic recording paradigm, two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) relies on sophisticated signal processing and coding algorithms, a much less expensive alternative to radically altering the media or the read/write head as required for the other technologies. Due to 1) the significant reduction of grains per bit, and 2) the aggressive shingled writing, TDMR faces several formidable challenges. Firstly, severe interference is introduced in both down-track and cross-track directions due to the read/write head dimensions. Secondly, reduction in the number of grains per bit results in variations of bit boundaries which consequently lead to data-dependent jitter noise. Moreover, the bit to grain ratio reduction will cause some bits not to be properly magnetized or to be overwritten which introduces write errors to the system. The nature of write and read processes in TDMR necessitates that the information storage be viewed as a two-dimensional (2D) system. The challenges in TDMR signal processing are 1) an accurate read channel model, 2) mitigating the effect of inter-track interference (ITI) and inter-symbol interference (ISI) by using an equalizer, 3) developing 2D modulation/error correcting codes matching the TDMR channel model, 4) design of truly 2D detectors, and 5) computing the lower bounds on capacity of TDMR channel. The work is concerned with several objectives in regard to the challenges in TDMR systems. 1. TDMR Channel Modeling: As one of the challenges of the project, the 2D Microcell model is introduced as a read channel model for TDMR. This model captures the data-dependent properties of the media noise and it is well suited in regard to detector design. In line with what has been already done in TDMR channel models, improvements can be made to tune the 2D Microcell model for different bit to grain densities. Furthermore, the 2D Microcell model can be modified to take into account dependency between adjacent microtrack borders positions. This assumption will lead to more accurate model in term of closeness to the Voronoi model. 2. Detector Design: The need for 2D detection is not unique to TDMR systems. However, it is still largely an open problem to develop detectors that are close to optimal maximum likelihood (ML) detection for the 2D case. As one of the important blocks of the TDMR system, the generalized belief propagation (GBP) detector is developed and introduced as a near ML detector. Furthermore, this detector is tuned to improve the performance for the TDMR channel model. 3. Channel Capacity Estimation: Two dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) is a new paradigm in data storage which envisions densities up to 10 Tb/in² as a result of drastically reducing bit to grain ratio. In order to reach this goal aggressive write (shingled writing) and read process are used in TDMR. Kavcic et al. proposed a simple magnetic grain model called the granular tiling model which captures the essence of read/write process in TDMR. Capacity bounds for this model indicate that 0.6 user bit per grain densities are possible, however, previous attempt to reach capacities are not close to the channel capacity. We provide a truly two-dimensional detection scheme for the granular tiling model based on generalized belief propagation (GBP). Factor graph interpretation of the detection problem is provided and formulated in this section. Then, GBP is employed to compute marginal a posteriori probabilities for the constructed factor graph. Simulation results show huge improvements in detection. A lower bound on the mutual information rate (MIR) is also derived for this model based on GBP detector. Moreover, for the Voronoi channel model, the MIR is estimated for the case of constrained and unconstrained input. 4. Modulation Codes: Constrained codes also known as modulation codes are a key component in the digital magnetic recording systems. The constrained code forbids particular input data patterns which lead to some of the dominant error events or higher media noise. The goal of the dissertation in regard to modulation codes is to construct a 2D modulation code for the TDMR channel which improves the overall performance of the TDMR system. Furthermore, we implement an algorithm to estimate the capacity of the 2D modulation codes based on generalized belief propagation (GBP) algorithm. The capacity is also calculated in presence of white and colored noise which is the case for TDMR channel. 5. Joint Detection and Decoding Schemes: In data recording systems, a concatenated approach toward the constrained code and error-correcting code (ECC) is typically used and the decoding is done independently. We show the improvement in combining the decoding of the constrained code and the ECC using GBP algorithm. We consider the performance of a combined modulation constraints and the ECC on a binary-input additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel (BIAWGNC) and also over one-dimensional (1D) and 2D ISI channels. We will show that combining the detection, demodulation and decoding results in a superior performance compared to concatenated schemes.

Η εργασία αυτή ασχολείται με το πρόβλημα της εκτίμησης καναλιού σε συστήματα μετάδοσης OFDM. Το πρόβλημα αυτό συγκεντρώνει έντονο ερευνητικό ενδιαφέρον τα τελευταία χρόνια, καθώς συναντάται σε ένα ευρύ πεδίο εφαρμογών. Η άγνωστη συνάρτηση μεταφοράς του καναλιού στα ασύρματα συστήματα μετάδοσης, καθιστά απαραίτητη την εκτίμησή του πριν από οποιαδήποτε διαδικασία μετάδοσης. Στη συγκεκριμένη μεταπτυχιακή εργασία, αντικείμενο εξέτασης αποτελεί η επίδραση καναλιού με μη γραμμικά χαρακτηριστικά σε συστήματα μετάδοσης OFDM. Αρχικά, παρουσιάζεται ένας βελτιωμένος αλγόριθμος εκτίμησης καναλιού, ο οποίος βασίζεται σε ένα παραμετρικό μοντέλο. Η απόκριση συχνότητας του καναλιού εκτιμάται χρησιμοποιώντας ένα μοντέλο με L μονοπάτια. Γίνεται χρήση της μεθόδου ESPRIT για την αρχική εκτίμηση των πολυδρομικών καθυστερήσεων, ενώ η διαδικασία παρακολούθησης γίνεται με την τεχνική IPIC DLL. Με γνωστή την πληροφορία για τις πολυδρομικές καθυστερήσεις, εκτιμάται η απόκριση του καναλιού στο πεδίο της συχνότητας με τη μέθοδο του ελαχίστου μέσου τετραγωνικού σφάλματος. Ιδιαίτερης μνείας χρήζει το κριτήριο MDL (Minimum Description Length) που χρησιμοποιείται για την εύρεση των ενεργών μονοπατιών του καναλιού. Σύμφωνα με το κριτήριο, υπολογίζεται ο ιδιοχώρος, δηλαδή οι ιδιοτιμές και τα ιδιοδιανύσματα, του πίνακα αυτοσυσχέτισης του καναλιού. Ο ιδιοχώρος αυτός εμφανίζει ιδιαίτερη δομή και μπορεί να αναλυθεί σε κάθετους μεταξύ τους υποχώρους: τον υποχώρο του σήματος (signal subspace) και αυτόν του θορύβου (noise subspace). Έχει αποδειχθεί ότι η χρήση παραμετρικού μοντέλου καναλιού μπορεί να μειώσει δραστικά τις διαστάσεις του υποχώρου του σήματος και κατά συνέπεια να βελτιώσει την απόδοση της εκτίμησης του καναλιού. Στη συνέχεια εξετάζεται η δυνατότητα εφαρμογής του αλγόριθμου PAST κατά τη διαδικασία παρακολούθησης των πολυδρομικών καθυστερήσεων και η σύγκρισή του με την απόδοση του IPIC DLL. Ο αλγόριθμος PAST έχει χαμηλή υπολογιστική πολυπλοκότητα καθώς στηρίζεται σε αναδρομικές τεχνικές παρακολούθησης του ιδιοχώρου. Στα πλαίσια της μεταπτυχιακής εργασίας έγινε συγκριτική μελέτη των τεχνικών εκτίμησης καναλιού σε συστήματα μετάδοσης OFDM. Περιγράφονται τα βασικά χαρακτηριστικά των κυριότερων αλγορίθμων της βιβλιογραφίας και στη συνέχεια παρουσιάζονται τα αποτελέσματα των προσομοιώσεων σε περιβάλλον MATLAB. Με βάση τη θεωρητική μελέτη των μεθόδων εκτίμησης και τα αποτελέσματα των προσομοιώσεων, εξάγονται συμπεράσματα για τη βελτίωση της απόδοσης που παρουσιάζουν σε σχέση με τις μη παραμετρικές τεχνικές. Τέλος, υλοποιήθηκε ένας νέος αλγόριθμος για την εύρεση του υποχώρου του σήματος, ο οποίος βελτιώνει σημαντικά την απόδοση του κριτηρίου MDL. / The basic concept in this thesis is the problem of Channel Estimation in multipath fading chanels. The method we use is based on parametric channel modeling. Firstly, we use the MDL (Minimum Descreption Length) criterium in order to estimate the number of paths in the channel. Next the ESPRIT method calculates the Time Delays for every estimated path. The second part of the algorithm is used for tracking of time delays. We firstly use an IPIC DLL (InterPath Interference Cancellation Delay Locked Loop) technique and then the path gains are calculated via a MMSE estimator. There is also a study in Subspace Tracking problem. We use the PAST and PASTd algorithms to calculate the signal subspace for every OFDM symbol transmited. The two techniques we described increase the SER performance of the non parametric channel estimator by 2dB and the MSE performance by 5dB. We also describe a new algorithm which has better performance than the MDL criterium.

Several emerging wireless applications require direct transmission between mobile terminals. Examples of these applications are mobile ad-hoc wireless networks, intelligent transportation systems, relay-based cellular networks, and future combat systems. Development of these mobile-to-mobile (M-to-M) systems depends on a good characterization of channel propagation. Another important consideration in modern communication systems is the use of multipath propagation to improve reliability and capacity of wireless systems. This is achieved by employing multiple antennas in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems and using techniques such as transmit and receive diversity. Considering the demand for high-speed wireless services, MIMO M-to-M systems are the leading candidates for future communication systems. To enable the successful design of MIMO M-to-M systems, our research focuses on modeling of MIMO M-to-M multipath fading channels and on diversity techniques for MIMO systems. Specifically, we propose two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) MIMO M-to-M statistical channel models that encompass narrowband and wideband MIMO channel scenarios for macro- and micro-cell environments. Furthermore, we validate the new models against measured data and find very close agreement between them. Using our 3-D models, we also investigate different antenna array configurations and their effect on the capacity of MIMO M-to-M systems. Contrary to common assumptions, we have found that there is no significant loss of capacity if the antenna array is tilted from the horizontal plane. Finally, we propose the design criteria for space-time coded continuous phase modulated systems. Our work would provide other researchers the tools needed to design and test future MIMO M-to-M communication systems.

This thesis evaluates the possibility of using millimeter waves of frequency 28GHz for the use of wireless backhaul in small cell solutions in the coming fifth generation mobile networks. This frequency band has not been used in preceding mobile networks but is undergoing a lot of research. In this thesis simulations are performed to evaluate how the high frequency waves behave inside a three dimensional grid of buildings. The simulations use highly directive antenna arrays with antenna gains of 26dBi. A main results of the investigation was that a high bandwidth of 800MHz was not enough to provide 12Gbps in non line-of-sight propagation within the simulations. Furthermore, without interference limiting techniques, the interference is probable to dominate the noise, even though the high diffraction losses of millimeter waves propose that interference should be very limited in urban areas.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / In the last two decades, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) wireless systems have been subject of intense research due to the theoretical promise of the proportional increase of the communications channel capacity as the number of antennas increases. This outstanding property supposes an efficient use of spatial diversity at both the transmitter and receiver. An important and not well explored path towards improving MIMO system performance using spatial diversity takes into account the interactions among the antennas and the (physical) propagation medium. By understanding these interactions, the transmit and receive antenna arrays can be designed to best âmatchâ the propagation medium so that the link quality and capacity can be further improved in a MIMO system. In this work, we consider the use of spherical harmonics and tensor decompositions in the problem of MIMO channel modeling and estimation. The use of spherical harmonics allows to represent the radiation patterns of antennas in terms of coefficients of an expansion, thus decoupling the transmit and receive antenna array responses from the physical propagation medium. By translating simple propagation-motivated channel models with polarization information into the spherical harmonics domain, we study how propagation parameters themselves and antenna configurations affect MIMO performance in terms of capacity and correlation. A second part of this work addresses the problem of estimating directional MIMO channels in the spherical harmonics domain using tensor decompositions. Considering both single-scattering and double-scattering propagation scenarios, we make use of the parallel factor (PARAFAC) and PARATUCK-2 decompositions, respectively, to estimate the propagating spherical modes, from which the directions of arrival (DoA) and directions of departure (DoD) can be extracted. Finally, we propose and compare two methods for optimizing the coefficients of the spherical harmonics expansion of an antenna array for a prespecified MIMO channel response. / Nas Ãltimas dÃcadas, sistemas de comunicaÃÃo sem fio de mÃltiplas antenas (MIMO - Multiple Input Multiple Output) tÃm sido objetos de intensas pesquisas devido à promessa teÃrica do aumento proporcional da capacidade com o aumento do nÃmero de antenas. Esta propriedade excepcional supÃe um uso eficiente da diversidade espacial no transmissor e receptor. Um caminho importante e nÃo bem explorado no sentido de melhorar o desempenho de sistemas MIMO usando diversidade espacial leva em conta a interaÃÃo entre as antenas e meio de propagaÃÃo (fÃsico). AtravÃs da compreensÃo dessas interaÃÃes, arranjos de antenas de recepÃÃo e transmissÃo podem ser projetados para melhor "casar" com o meio de propagaÃÃo, tal que a qualidade do link de comunicaÃÃo e capacidade possam ser melhoradas em um sistema MIMO. Neste trabalho, consideramos o uso de harmÃnicos esfÃricos e decomposiÃÃes tensoriais no problema de modelagem de canal MIMO e estimaÃÃo. O uso de harmÃnicos esfÃricos permite representar os padrÃes de radiaÃÃo de antenas em termos de coeficientes de uma expansÃo, assim desacoplando as respostas dos arranjos de antenas (transmissoras e receptoras) do meio de propagaÃÃo fÃsica. Traduzindo modelos simples de canais baseados em propagaÃÃo, com informaÃÃes de polarizaÃÃo, para o domÃnio dos harmÃnicos esfÃricos, estudamos como os parÃmetros de propagaÃÃo si e configuraÃÃes especÃficas de antenas afetam o desempenho do sistema MIMO em termos de capacidade e de correlaÃÃo. A segunda parte deste trabalho aborda o problema de estimar canais direcionais MIMO no domÃnio dos harmÃnicos esfÃricos usando decomposiÃÃes por tensores. Considerando tanto cenos de espalhamento simples e de duplo espalhamento, fazemos uso das decomposiÃÃes PARAFAC e PARATUCK2, respectivamente, para estimar os modos esfÃricos propagantes, a partir das quais as direÃÃes de chegada (DoA) e as direÃÃes de saÃda (DoD) podem ser extraÃdas. Finalmente, propomos e comparamos dois mÃtodos de otimizaÃÃo dos coeficientes da expansÃo em harmÃnicos esfÃricos de arranjos de antenas para respostas de canais MIMO prÃ-especificados .

In the thesis, the user body effect on antennas in a mobile terminal is discussed. In order to overcome the degradation of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) performance due to the user body effect, a quad-elements MIMO antenna array which can mitigate the body effect through an adaptive antenna switching method is introduced for 4G mobile terminals. In addition, various bezel MIMO antennas that are robust to the impedance mismatching caused by the user effect have also been presented. The study of user body effect is later extended to frequency bands at 15 GHz and 28 GHz for future 5G communication systems. The results reveal that a human body will cause a significant shadowing loss, which will be a critical loss in 5G cellular networks. The electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure of a mobile terminal is also studied in this thesis. Below 6 GHz, the simultaneous transmission specific absorption rate (SAR) for MIMO antennas is the primary concern due to its complicated assessment procedures. Above 6 GHz, the free space power density is adopted as the basic parameter of exposure limits globally, and preliminary studies have been presented to address major challenges in EMF exposure assessment for 5G mobile terminals. / <p>QC 20171005</p>

Předkládaná disertační práce je zaměřena na \uv{Modelování propagačního kanálu pro off-body komunikaci v oblasti milimetrových vln}. Navzdory pokrokům v rámci bezdrátových sítí v přímé blízkosti člověka stále systémy 5. generace postrádají dostatečnou šířku pásma a dostatečně nízkou odezvu. To je způsobeno neefektivním využíváním rádiového spektra. Tento nedostatek je potřeba co nejdříve odstranit a právě z tohoto důvodu je hlavním cílem této práce navrhnout vylepšený model rádiového kanálů pro off-body komunikaci. Úkolem tohoto modelu je umožnit uživatelům efektivněji a přesněji simulovat propagaci signálu v rámci daného prostředí. Navržený model je dále optimalizován a ověřen vůči nejnovějším měřením, získaným z literatury. Nakonec je tento model implementován do simulačního nástroje NS-3, pomocí kterého je následně využit k simulaci množství scénářů. Hlavním výstupem této práce je ověřený model přenosového kanálu pro off-body komunikaci v rámci milimetrových vln, společně s jeho implementací do simulačního nástroje NS-3, díky čemuž je dostupný pro širokou veřejnost.

Many capacity and near-capacity achieving methods in multiple-input-multipleoutput (MIMO) wireless channels make use of the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the channel matrix. For the multi-user case, the SVD of the channel matrix for each user may result in right and left singular vectors that are similar between users. This proposes another descriptive characterization of the multi-user MIMO channel. Closely aligned singular vectors between any two users could reduce the achievable signaling rates of signal processing communication methods as one user would be more difficult to resolve in space-time from another. An examination into how this alignment can be described in realistic MIMO multipath channels using a two ring channel model is presented. The effects of correlation between singular vectors on achievable signaling rates is shown for one existing algorithm that approaches the sum capacity known as block-diagonalization. Analyzed is actual data collected in several indoor and outdoor experiments performed using newly constructed measurement hardware that extends the capabilities of an existing MIMO measurement system.

[ES] El uso masivo de las telecomunicaciones exige redes de mayor capacidad. Esta capacidad puede incrementarse de las siguientes maneras: aumentando el número de antenas, el ancho de banda, la eficiencia espectral o una combinación de ellas. En respuesta a esto, han surgido los sistemas masivos MIMO sin celdas. Estos sistemas pretenden ofrecer un servicio ubicuo y fiable, apoyándose en un número masivo de antenas y adaptando la red a las necesidades de los usuarios en cada momento. Se han estudiado sistemas MIMO masivos sin celdas tanto para frecuencias inferiores a 6 GHz como en la banda mmW, demostrando ser una buena alternativa a las celdas pequeñas. Sin embargo, hay muchas cuestiones que todavía requieren más estudio. Esta Tesis aborda las cuestiones relativas a los despliegues masivos MIMO sin celdas en términos de escalabilidad, consumo de energía, modelado realista de los escenarios de despliegue y diseño de precodificadores para dichos escenarios en la banda mmW. Los sistemas masivos sin celdas en su forma canónica consideran que todos los APs están conectados a una única CPU y que todos ellos sirven a todos los UEs al mismo tiempo. Sin embargo, en la práctica, tal sistema no es factible debido a temas de escalabilidad. Por ello, en esta Tesis se estudian y proponen diferentes soluciones de agrupación que alivian la carga tanto de cada AP individual como de la CPUs, ya que la carga total de procesamiento se divide entre ellas. Las soluciones propuestas muestran un mejor rendimiento que la solución del estado del arte estudiada para todos los tamaños de agrupación considerados e independientemente del número de UEs en el escenario. Tras las consideraciones sobre la topología lógica de la red, esta Tesis analiza el impacto en el rendimiento de la red de diferentes configuraciones de topologías físicas. En concreto, se estudia el modelado del consumo de energía considerando front-haul totalmente dedicado, híbrido y totalmente en serie. En este sentido, se sugieren algunas modificaciones al modelo tradicional de consumo de energía para obtener resultados más precisos cuando se analizan entornos en serie. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se destaca la importancia de aplicar las modificaciones propuestas que consideran el ahorro de energía debido a las conexiones serie en un despliegue de MIMO masivo sin celdas donde cada AP transmite la misma información (excepto por los coeficientes de precodificación). Por otro lado, aunque en la banda milimétrica se dispone de mayores anchos de banda, el uso de estas frecuencias conlleva ciertos retos. Uno de estos retos es el modelado del canal radioeléctrico, ya que al trabajar con longitudes de onda del orden de decenas de milímetros cualquier objeto o rugosidad del mismo puede afectar a la propagación de la onda. En este sentido, esta Tesis, en primer lugar, propone algunas adaptaciones al modelo de bloqueo del cuerpo humano del 3GPP. Los resultados obtenidos tras las modificaciones se acercan más a los valores de las mediciones reales, lo que hace que el modelo adaptado sea más preciso para la consideración del bloqueo corporal en mmW. En segundo lugar, esta Tesis presenta una herramienta de simulación de radiocanales basada en el trazado de rayos. Se han obtenido resultados de pérdidas de trayecto para un escenario de interior que se aproximan notablemente a las medidas reales. Asimismo, los resultados obtenidos muestran que cuando no se modelan correctamente las características electromagnéticas de los materiales o no se tiene en cuenta el mobiliario en un escenario de interior, los resultados pueden diferir considerablemente de las medidas reales. Por último, esta Tesis aborda el diseño de precodificadores en sistemas MIMO masivos sin celdas en un escenario realista. Para ello, se considera un escenario industrial con requerimientos de potencia específicos. En particular, se resuelve un problema de optimización con diferentes restricciones de potencia por antena. / [CA] L'ús massiu de les telecomunicacions exigeix xarxes de major capacitat. Aquesta capacitat pot incrementar-se de les següents maneres: augmentant el nombre d'antenes, l'amplada de banda, l'eficiència espectral o una combinació d'elles. En resposta a això, han sorgit els sistemes massius MIMO sense cel·les. Aquests sistemes pretenen oferir un servei ubic i fiable, secundant-se en un nombre massiu d'antenes i adaptant la xarxa a les necessitats dels usuaris a cada moment. S'han estudiat sistemes MIMO massius sense cel·les tant per a freqüències inferiors a 6 GHz com en la banda mmW, demostrant ser una bona alternativa a les cel·les xicotetes. No obstant això, hi ha moltes qüestions que encara requereixen més estudi. Aquesta Tesi aborda les qüestions relatives als desplegaments massius MIMO sense cel·les en termes d'escalabilitat, consum d'energia, modelatge realista dels escenaris de desplegament i disseny de precodificadors per a aquests escenaris en la banda mmW. Els sistemes massius sense cel·les en la seua forma canònica consideren que tots els APs estan connectats a una única CPU i que tots ells serveixen a tots els UEs al mateix temps. No obstant això, en la pràctica, tal sistema no és factible a causa de temes d'escalabilitat. Per això, en aquesta Tesi s'estudien i proposen diferents solucions d'agrupació que alleugen la càrrega tant de cada AP individual com de la CPUs, ja que la càrrega total de processament es divideix entre elles. Les solucions proposades mostren un millor rendiment que la solució de l'estat de l'art estudiada per a totes les grandàries d'agrupació considerats i independentment del número de UEs en l'escenari. Després de les consideracions sobre la topologia lògica de la xarxa, aquesta Tesi analitza l'impacte en el rendiment de la xarxa de diferents configuracions de topologies físiques. En concret, s'estudia el modelatge del consum d'energia considerant front-haul totalment dedicat, híbrid i totalment en sèrie. En aquest sentit, se suggereixen algunes modificacions al model tradicional de consum d'energia per a obtindre resultats més precisos quan s'analitzen entorns en sèrie. A partir dels resultats obtinguts, es destaca la importància d'aplicar les modificacions proposades que consideren l'estalvi d'energia a causa de les connexions serie en un desplegament de MIMO massiva sense cel·les on cada AP transmet la mateixa informació (excepte pels coeficients de precodificació). D'altra banda, encara que en la banda mil·limètrica es disposa de majors amplades de banda, l'ús d'aquestes freqüències comporta uns certs reptes. Un d'aquests reptes és el modelatge del canal radioelèctric, ja que en treballar amb longituds d'ona de l'ordre de desenes de mil·límetres qualsevol objecte o rugositat del mateix pot afectar la propagació de l'ona. En aquest sentit, aquesta Tesi, en primer lloc, proposa algunes adaptacions al model de bloqueig del cos humà del 3GPP. Els resultats obtinguts després de les modificacions s'acosten més als valors dels mesuraments reals, la qual cosa fa que el model adaptat siga més precís per a la consideració del bloqueig corporal en mmW. En segon lloc, aquesta Tesi presenta una eina de simulació de radiocanales basada en el traçat de raigs. S'han obtingut resultats de pèrdues de trajecte per a un escenari d'interior que s'aproximen notablement a les mesures reals. Així mateix, els resultats obtinguts mostren que quan no es modelen correctament les característiques electromagnètiques dels materials o no es té en compte el mobiliari en un escenari d'interior, els resultats poden diferir considerablement de les mesures reals. Finalment, aquesta Tesi aborda el disseny de precodificadors en sistemes MIMO massius sense cel·les en un escenari realista. Per a això, es considera un escenari industrial amb requeriments de potència específics. En particular, es resol un problema d'optimització amb diferents restriccions de potència per antena. / [EN] The massive use of telecommunications demands higher capacity networks. This capacity can be increased by increasing the number of antennas, bandwidth, spectral efficiency, or a combination of these. In response to this, cell-free massive MIMO systems have emerged. These systems aim to offer a ubiquitous and reliable service, relying on a massive number of antennas and adapting the network to users' needs. Cell-free massive MIMO systems have been studied both for frequencies below 6 GHz and in the mmW band, proving to be a good alternative to small cells. However, many issues still require further study. This Thesis addresses the issues concerning cell-free massive MIMO deployments in terms of scalability, power consumption, realistic modeling of deployment scenarios, and design of precoders for such scenarios in the mmW band. Cell-free massive systems in their canonical form consider that all the APs are connected to a single CPU and serve all UEs simultaneously. However, in practice, such a system is not feasible, due to scalability reasons. Therefore, in this Thesis, different clustering solutions that alleviate the load of both each individual AP and the CPUs, as the total processing load is divided among them, are studied and proposed. The proposed solutions show a better performance than the state-of-the-art solution studied for all cluster sizes considered and independently of the number of UEs in the scenario. After the logical network topology considerations, the impact on the network performance of different physical topologies configurations is analyzed. Specifically, the power consumption modeling considering fully dedicated, hybrid, and fully serial front-haul is studied. In this sense, some modifications are suggested for the traditional power consumption model in order to get more accurate results when serial environments are analyzed. The obtained results highlight the importance of applying the proposed modifications that consider the power savings due to the serial connections in a cell-free massive MIMO deployment where each AP transmits the same information (except by the precoding coefficients). On the other hand, although wider bandwidths are available in the millimeter band, the use of these frequencies brings certain challenges. One of these challenges is modeling the radio channel since when working with wavelengths in the order of tens of millimeters, any object or roughness of the same order can affect the propagation of the wave. Another challenge is to consider the electromagnetic impact of the human body at mmW frequencies. In this sense, this Thesis, firstly, proposes some adaptations to the 3GPP body blockage model. The results obtained after the modifications are closer to real measurement values, what makes the adapted model more accurate for the consideration of body blockage at mmW. Secondly, this Thesis presents a radio channel simulation tool based on ray tracing. With this tool, path loss results have been obtained for an indoor scenario that are remarkably close to the actual measurements. Also, the results show that when the electromagnetic characteristics of the materials are not modeled correctly or the furniture is not taken into account in an indoor scenario, the adjustment of the simulation results can differ considerably from the actual measurements. Finally, the design of precoders in cell-free massive MIMO systems in a realistic scenario is addressed. For this purpose, an industrial scenario with specific power requirements is considered. In particular, an optimization problem with different per-antenna power constraints is solved. In this case, the scenario and the radio channel are modeled using the above-mentioned tool. This fact makes it possible to find with high precision the power coefficients to be used by each transmitting antenna to transmit to each user so that the achieved data rate is maximized. / I would like to thank the H2020 Marie Curie Program that has funded this thesis within Project Grant No. 766231 WAVECOMBE - ITN - 2017 / Prado Alvarez, D. (2022). Study of Feasible Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems in Realistic Indoor Scenarios [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/191375