El Hospital de Caridad de Cartagena fue fundado en 1693. Objetivo: determinar su área de influencia, los problemas sanitarios, enfermedades y lesiones más frecuentes y otros aspectos. La fuente principal ha sido el archivo del Hospital. Entre 1900 y 1936 el Hospital experimenta un gran auge. El 58% de enfermos proceden de la Ciudad, siguiéndole la zona minera (19%). Existe una correlación negativa entre los ingresos y la estancia media. Enfermedades más frecuentes: aparato digestivo (21%), respiratorias (15%), circulatorias (10%) y genitourinarias (9%). Enfermedades infecto-contagiosas más frecuentes: tuberculosis (20%), difteria (19%), paludismo (17%), sífilis (16%), fiebres tifoideas (4%) y viruela (3%). La tasa más elevada de hospitalización por paludismo corresponde a la zona húmeda de “El Hondón”. Existe una correlación negativa entre consumo de pan y de carne por estancia y número de estancias. Entre las urgencias predominan las heridas (59%), traumatismos osteoarticulares (24,3%), quemaduras (3,3%) y cuerpos extraños (2,6%). / The “Hospital de Caridad” in Cartagena was founded in 1693. Objective: to determine its area of influence, health problems, most common diseases and injuries and other aspects. The archive of the Hospital has been the main information source. Between 1900 and 1936 the Hospital experiences a great development. 58% of patients are from the City followed by those from the mining zone (19%). A negative correlation was observed between admissions and average length of inpatient hospital stay. Most frequent diseases: digestive system (21%), respiratory system (15%), cardiovascular system (10%) and genitourinary system (9%). Most frequent infect-contagious diseases: tuberculosis (20%), diphtheria (19%), malaria (17%), syphilis (16%), typhoid fever (4%) and smallpox (3%). The main zone affected by malaria is the wetland area called “El Hondón”. A negative correlation was observed between bread and meat consumption per hospital stay and average length of stay. Most common emergencies are wounds (59%), osteoarticular traumatisms (24.3%), burns (3.3) and foreign bodies (2.6%).

20th century witnessed fundamental changes in capital accumulation regime and mode of regulation. The whole set of advanced capitalist countries and developing countries witnessed these changes in different forms depending on their historical cultural background. These fundamental changes also brought about transformations of the welfare regime of countries which constitutes the important fundamental component of a mode of regulation. This study developed a criticism of rising liberal-conservative approach to poverty in post-1980s by adopting as a structural and historical background the concerning fundamental changes in capital accumulation regime with its imposed constraints and opportunities on welfare regimes of countries. This study intends to make this criticism of liberal-conservative approach to poverty in the context of Turkey by selecting Deniz Feneri Association and Social Assistance and Solidarity General Directorate as case studies. Building upon the information acquired from interviews carried out by Deniz Feneri Association and Social Assistance and Solidarity General Directorate, this study identifies the liberal-conservative approach to poverty as the dominant approach to poverty in Turkey after 1980s. Furthermore, depending on the analysis of interviews depoliticization of poverty, rising moral language in poverty, and denial of social rights perspective which are identified to be the major foundational components of liberal-conservative approach to poverty are also identified to a great extent be in a reproduction relation with respect to the requirements of new capital accumulation regimes.

Title from PDF of title page. / Document formatted into pages; contains 261 pages. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references. / Text (Electronic thesis) in PDF format. / ABSTRACT: This dissertation research is a study of the anthropology of policy with welfare reform in general and charitable choice in particular as its focus. The study begins with the notion that policies work as instruments of governance and consequently have social and political implications. These policies are examined by exploring the manner in which Catholic Charities and policy makers in Florida are responding to the charitable choice mandate and how their views are shaping local policies. The study is framed within anthropological principles pertaining to economic, humanistic and philosophical tenets. The study provides a historical background of poverty, the development of the welfare state in the United States as well as some of the social, economic, and political factors that shape social policies. / ABSTRACT: Data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with representatives from Catholic Charities, government agencies, legislative committees, and faith-based organizations, and through document reviews. Data were analyzed qualitatively and were managed using the software Atlas.ti. Analysis of the data show that while there is increased convergence between the state and faith-based organizations (FBOs), there is some hesitancy on the part of religious organizations to assume full responsibility for the poor, particularly without having any funding guarantees. The data also suggests that through the implementation of charitable choice religious organizations face the risk of becoming highly dependent on the state and therefore loose their voice and the possibility of lobbying for the poor. / ABSTRACT: Furthermore, the data suggests that there are some aspects of the implementation of charitable choice that have not received congressional approval and may eventually jeopardize the entire faith-based initiative. / System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

This study investigates the phenomenon of a communal Jewish organization, the National Budgeting Conference (NBC). In essence, the NBC is in charge of allocating money to national organizations through contributions collected from each local community. This unique arrangement doesn't exist in other Jewish communities around the globe; the common procedure is that every local federation allocates money for the local needs. / The objective of this dissertation is to follow the activities of the NBC from a strategic management point of view. So far, almost the entire body of literature on Jewish organizations stem from a political science and an ethnicity point of view. My assumption is that by conducting the study from a management perspective, I have been able to research topics that usually do not receive a lot of attention in literature about Jewish organizations; some of these topics include whether and to what extent environmental elements in the community, as well as power relations, influence the decision-making process. I also focused on the NBC's structure, outcomes, and chances of survival. I concluded that the NBC operates within a very fluid and unstable environment, and as a result, it will have to monitor its interests carefully and adapt in a slow, incremental fashion if it wishes to increase its chances of survival.

One of CORD's activities is the welfare programme, which started four years ago. It has two features which make it particularly interesting. First, it has introduced a level of welfare into rural areas which has not been there before. Second, it is based on a broad, developmental and holistic approach to welfare — which is what most people agree is needed, but very few actually manage to do. Welfare projects are often well meaning but small in scale, without the ability to help people out of the poverty in which they are trapped. We believe that this welfare programme acts as a catalyst for other development activities — it shows that welfare can be a wedge, a point of entry, for broader community development. It is one model for a more appropriate welfare system for the future. Compared to health, there is very little written material about alternative welfare provision. There have been fewer attempts at model building than there have been in health. And it is possible that some small projects have not been written up for others to learn from. A key aspect of innovative work in the social service and development fields is the training of new kinds of workers. This is almost always based on a recognition that existing professionals (for example, doctors, social workers, irrigation engineers, physiotherapists) •are expensive to train • are difficult to move from city-bases, and • are not necessarily good communicators with the people they are meant to serve. The South African government and the South African Council for Social Work (the body that finally controls professional social welfare) have agreed that there is a need for a new category of welfare worker — an assistant or auxiliary. The rules surrounding their training and supervision are such that, although it is a step in the right direction, it does not go nearly far enough. For example, every two assistants must be supervised by one social worker. In most rural areas there are no social workers, so there can be no assistants. When new categories of workers are trained, they often meet with strong resistance from two sides — existing professionals, and people in communities. In the welfare field, the strongest resistance will probably come from the professionals. We think that this welfare programme shows how the work of the professionals can mesh together with the work of people with less formal training, so that they can help each other to deliver better services to more people. The welfare context The welfare programme needs to be set against the context of existing welfare services in South Africa. The South African welfare system is inappropriate and inadequate — this is recognised by people in government, people working in the private welfare sector, and is certainly recognised at community level. The problems that are very evident are: • welfare spending and social services have been biased in favour of white provision • the system has not been properly planned • there is a heavy bias in favour of urban areas, and a serious neglect of rural welfare • where social work posts do exist in rural areas, they are difficult to fill. • the privatisation of welfare which is being encouraged by government (along with the privatisation of health, education, transport and other social goods) will mean that the well-off people will be able to buy better private services, but poorer people will have less access to even poorer public services. There is an emerging consensus across the country that if the welfare system is to have a contribution to make to the 'new South Africa' it will have to become: • more developmentally oriented • more appropriate to the conditions in which the majority of people live • more concerned with the welfare of the very poor, especially in rural areas • more accessible to people who need the services, and particularly by women and children. These principles are accepted internationally as guidelines for the provision of social services such as heath, welfare and education. In the field of primary health care in South Africa, we have many examples of model schemes which have tried to learn how to provide appropriate, affordable, accessible health services. Many of these have been written about; some indeed are known internationally. All these case studies are vital to the development of better health services in future. In most rural areas, and in the majority of peri-urban informal settlements, we are not talking of a situation where services could be improved by adding more professionals — we have a situation where there is virtually no access to welfare services at all. The interview that follows is presented as a case study of an innovative welfare programme.

Inspired by the increasingly high visibility of British Muslim NGOs (BMNGOs), by the lack of research on their discourses and by the growing salience of frames theory within the mainstream NGO sector, this thesis offers a significant and original contribution by exploring, describing, and analysing the discourse of two BMNGOs carefully selected as case studies: Islamic Relief (IR) and MADE (Muslim Action for Development and the Environment). The primary aim of the thesis is empirical, driven by the research question: ‘what frames seem to be at work in the discourse of BMNGOs?’ Through an in-depth analysis of a range of public documents produced by the two case studies (e.g. annual reports and websites), the thesis identifies and analyses the main frames used by IR and MADE to articulate three key aspects of their discourses: i) organisational identity; ii) mobilisation efforts; and iii) conceptualisations of their supporter base. Guided by this overarching research question, the thesis offers an original and interdisciplinary insight into the nuances of the case studies’ meaning systems, thereby showing their complexities and resonance with multiple narratives and ideational repertoires. The emerging ‘thick descriptions’ of IR and MADE represent, in and of themselves, the main results of the study, which is intended to enable readers from different disciplinary backgrounds to gain a nuanced insight into BMNGOs’ discourses. At a secondary level, the thesis also pursues the theoretical aim to start exploring how the frames identified in the study inform the two research sub-questions: ‘how to think about BMNGOs?’ and ‘how to think about British Muslim civic engagement?’ Several observations are put forward in this regard. Taken together, these suggest that IR can be understood as a faith-based organisation that simultaneously draws on a range of heritages and increasingly offers opportunities for active citizenship among British Muslims within the framework of what is broadly characterizable as a ‘NGO-led order’. On the other hand, the thesis suggests that MADE can be understood as an exemplar of the current era of ‘loose activist networks’, more precisely as a ‘Muslim lifestyle’ social movement organisation that promotes among British Muslims a multifaceted form of civic engagement inspired by an Islamic ethical framework.

A vulnerabilidade social abarca uma diversidade de fenômenos que não se limita apenas à insuficiência de renda, mas perpassa questões de ciclos de vida, gênero, etnia, orientação sexual e outros e está intimamente associada ao processo de desenvolvimento de uma sociedade. Em especial os jovens têm sido um segmento da população que tem se apresentado como emergente no cenário da vulnerabilidade social e têm sido considerados, por diversas vezes, frágeis para enfrentar adversidades cotidianas. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a percepção de jovens participantes e não participantes do Projovem Adolescente do Centro de Referência de Assistência Social Paulina Bonalume Andreatta no município de Pato Branco - PR, sobre vulnerabilidade social relacionada ao próprio ciclo de vida, família, trabalho, educação e política pública. Metodologicamente, foi uma pesquisa de cunho social e exploratório. Realizou-se uma pesquisa de cunho quantitativo e qualitativo com análise de conteúdo. Inicialmente, foi realizada a análise de agrupamento de dados sobre o perfil socioeconômico de famílias com a presença de jovens entre 15 e 29 anos, residentes no município de Pato Branco – PR, que estão inseridas no Cadastro Único para Programas Sociais – CadÚnico, com o objetivo de caracterizar o cenário da pesquisa. Depois, utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada para compreender a percepção de jovens participantes e não participantes do Projovem adolescente sobre aspectos de vulnerabilidade social relacionada ao seu próprio ciclo de vida. As famílias analisadas apresentaram características de escassos recursos físicos e humanos, o que sugere a exposição de seus membros, sejam eles, crianças, jovens, adultos ou idosos, a situações de vulnerabilidade social. A percepção dos jovens indica que a condição social e econômica de suas famílias, o local onde residem, as relações familiares e locais, a insuficiência de atividades para lazer e os casos de gravidez na adolescência apresentam fatores que fragilizam e dificultam as suas vidas quanto a conseguir um trabalho, ter um rendimento adequado na escola e ter uma boa convivência familiar e comunitária. / Social vulnerability encompasses a diversity of phenomena that is not limited to income insufficiency but pervades issues of life cycles, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation and others and is closely associated with the development process of a society. In particular, young people have been a segment of the population that has emerged as an emerging social vulnerability scenario and have been considered, on several occasions, fragile to face daily adversities. This research had the objective of analyzing the perception of young participants and nonparticipants of the Projovem Adolescent of the Paulina Bonalume Andreatta Social Assistance Reference Center in the city of Pato Branco - PR, about social vulnerability related to the life cycle, family, work, education and public policy. Methodologically, it was a research of social and exploratory nature. Quantitative and qualitative research was carried out with content analysis. Initially, the analysis of data grouping on the socioeconomic profile of families with the presence of 15 to 29 year olds living in the municipality of Pato Branco - PR, which is part of the Cadastro Único para Programas Sociales - CadÚnico, was carried out. objective of characterizing the research scenario. Then, the semi-structured interview was used to understand the perception of young participants and nonparticipants of the Projovem adolescent on aspects of social vulnerability related to their own life cycle. The analyzed families presented characteristics of scarce physical and human resources, which suggests the exposure of their members, be they children, young people, adults or elderly, to situations of social vulnerability. Young people's perception indicates that the social and economic condition of their families, their place of residence, family and local relations, lack of leisure activities and teenage pregnancy present factors that weaken and hinder their lives in terms of get a job, have an adequate income in school and have a good family and community coexistence.

A vulnerabilidade social abarca uma diversidade de fenômenos que não se limita apenas à insuficiência de renda, mas perpassa questões de ciclos de vida, gênero, etnia, orientação sexual e outros e está intimamente associada ao processo de desenvolvimento de uma sociedade. Em especial os jovens têm sido um segmento da população que tem se apresentado como emergente no cenário da vulnerabilidade social e têm sido considerados, por diversas vezes, frágeis para enfrentar adversidades cotidianas. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a percepção de jovens participantes e não participantes do Projovem Adolescente do Centro de Referência de Assistência Social Paulina Bonalume Andreatta no município de Pato Branco - PR, sobre vulnerabilidade social relacionada ao próprio ciclo de vida, família, trabalho, educação e política pública. Metodologicamente, foi uma pesquisa de cunho social e exploratório. Realizou-se uma pesquisa de cunho quantitativo e qualitativo com análise de conteúdo. Inicialmente, foi realizada a análise de agrupamento de dados sobre o perfil socioeconômico de famílias com a presença de jovens entre 15 e 29 anos, residentes no município de Pato Branco – PR, que estão inseridas no Cadastro Único para Programas Sociais – CadÚnico, com o objetivo de caracterizar o cenário da pesquisa. Depois, utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada para compreender a percepção de jovens participantes e não participantes do Projovem adolescente sobre aspectos de vulnerabilidade social relacionada ao seu próprio ciclo de vida. As famílias analisadas apresentaram características de escassos recursos físicos e humanos, o que sugere a exposição de seus membros, sejam eles, crianças, jovens, adultos ou idosos, a situações de vulnerabilidade social. A percepção dos jovens indica que a condição social e econômica de suas famílias, o local onde residem, as relações familiares e locais, a insuficiência de atividades para lazer e os casos de gravidez na adolescência apresentam fatores que fragilizam e dificultam as suas vidas quanto a conseguir um trabalho, ter um rendimento adequado na escola e ter uma boa convivência familiar e comunitária. / Social vulnerability encompasses a diversity of phenomena that is not limited to income insufficiency but pervades issues of life cycles, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation and others and is closely associated with the development process of a society. In particular, young people have been a segment of the population that has emerged as an emerging social vulnerability scenario and have been considered, on several occasions, fragile to face daily adversities. This research had the objective of analyzing the perception of young participants and nonparticipants of the Projovem Adolescent of the Paulina Bonalume Andreatta Social Assistance Reference Center in the city of Pato Branco - PR, about social vulnerability related to the life cycle, family, work, education and public policy. Methodologically, it was a research of social and exploratory nature. Quantitative and qualitative research was carried out with content analysis. Initially, the analysis of data grouping on the socioeconomic profile of families with the presence of 15 to 29 year olds living in the municipality of Pato Branco - PR, which is part of the Cadastro Único para Programas Sociales - CadÚnico, was carried out. objective of characterizing the research scenario. Then, the semi-structured interview was used to understand the perception of young participants and nonparticipants of the Projovem adolescent on aspects of social vulnerability related to their own life cycle. The analyzed families presented characteristics of scarce physical and human resources, which suggests the exposure of their members, be they children, young people, adults or elderly, to situations of social vulnerability. Young people's perception indicates that the social and economic condition of their families, their place of residence, family and local relations, lack of leisure activities and teenage pregnancy present factors that weaken and hinder their lives in terms of get a job, have an adequate income in school and have a good family and community coexistence.

The dissertation discusses the screen in social welfare policy in the contemporary scene and the centrality assumed by it in the Brazilian social protection, from the advent of SUAS, via expansion of income transfer programs, especially the Bolsa Família Program, which in the context of the crisis of capital became the main strategy to fight poverty in the country. To do so, we place the macroeconomic determinants of welfare policy and the influence of international financial organizations in shaping social policies of neo-liberal in the country, we analyze social welfare policy based on what some authors the critical field of social service call ´´assistencialização`` social policies and, finally, present their own budget mediations of focus in the current Brazilian social protection. This is an exploratory study conducted through documentary and bibliographic research, and one of their main conclusions is that through the analysis performed confirmed that social assistance is of centrality "in reverse" in the Brazilian social protection, whose character and selective focused on compensatory income transfer programs, imposes limits to consolidate this policy in the context of social law. / A dissertação em tela discorre sobre a política de assistência social na cena contemporânea e a centralidade por ela assumida na proteção social brasileira, a partir do advento do SUAS, via expansão dos Programas de Transferência de Renda, em especial o Programa Bolsa Família, que no contexto de crise do capital se tornou a principal estratégia de combate à pobreza no país. Para tanto, situamos os determinantes macroeconômicos da política de assistência social e a influência de organismos financeiros internacionais na conformaçãodas políticas sociais de cunho neoliberal no país; analisamos a política de assistência social com base no que alguns autores do campo crítico do serviço social denominam de assistencialização das políticas sociais e, por fim, apresentamos as mediações orçamentárias próprias da focalização no atual padrão de proteção social brasileiro. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, realizado por meio de pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, e uma de suas principais conclusões é que através das análises efetuadas confirmamos que a assistência social assume uma centralidade às avessas na proteção social brasileira, cujo caráter seletivo e compensatório centrado nos programas de transferência de renda, impõe limites para consolidação desta política na perspectiva do direito social.

This dissertation analyses the process of Civil Society.s participation within spaces of participatory democracy. Accordingly to researches and based on local reality, this work is focused on participation from the Civil Society.s Representatives of the Municipal Social Assistance Board in Aracaju, Sergipe. The main point emphasized on this research was to analyze careers of representative counselors from Civil Society.s entities, as well as, to understand who are those counselors coming from NGO.s; Non-profit Organizations; Associations; Unions and Representatives of Professional Classes. Therefore, to verify if those have the needed knowledge in order to be qualified as participative within Council.s Activities, by mostly believing that Entity.s Counselors have charitable and benevolent feelings which are far from political knowledge. Therefore, once we understand who the counselor is, we also aim to analyze the democratic participative institution in which such entity is inserted, i.e. at the council. So that, the council. social history was examined, along with entities within the same space; legitimate parts; and how it occurs daily. Accordingly to investigation, we used theoretical structure at the career.s examination in order to achieve the commitment period along every counselor.s life cycle, understanding so far the counselor.s participation as a process. Afterwards, we used the Social Movement.s Theory, specifically the one related to understanding historic processes and political opportunities, aiming to understand how the political system influences institutions and actions of parts involved. An option onto the methodological gathered data consisted of council.s history research, as well minute of meetings and counselors. interviews, with a broad observation of their meetings. The research occurred during July, 2010 to July, 2012, and it allowed a wide comprehension of how historical process, along with legislations and political conjunctures, could interfere within the council.s configuration nowadays. Our summary points out to a present participation of the Civil Society.s Council on different ways, some really participates in every process, having some knowhow and academicals knowledge which increases their competence, while others were participating only during regular meetings. Few of Civil Society.s Counselors had demonstrated, therefore, a previous knowledge regarding the Social Assistance Politics, where others are more interested to learn based on council.s participation. Moreover, every Civil Society. representative part nowadays is distinguished from the ones in the past, considering that they were endowed with benevolence and charity only. However, there are some barriers which do not allow a broad participation, power on the government.s agenda, as well some entities with financial dependence. / Esta dissertação analisa o processo de participação da sociedade civil em espaços de democracia participativa. Nesse sentido, em consonância com pesquisas voltadas a realidades locais, o trabalho foca a participação dos representantes da sociedade civil do Conselho Municipal de Assistência Social de Aracaju - SE. O eixo central desta pesquisa consistiu em analisar as carreiras dos conselheiros representantes de entidades da sociedade civil e compreender quem são esses conselheiros, oriundos de ONGs, entidades filantrópicas, associações, sindicatos, representações de classe profissionais, e verificar se eles detêm conhecimento necessário que os habilite a inferir as atividades do Conselho, por acreditar, principalmente, que os conselheiros das entidades são dotados de sentimentos benevolentes e caritativos e distanciados do conhecimento político. Contudo, ao entender quem é o conselheiro, buscou-se também analisar a instituição de participação democrática, na qual está inserido, ou seja, o Conselho. Assim tratou-se de verificar a história social do Conselho, quais entidades se firmam naquele espaço, quais atores se legitimam, e como ocorre o seu cotidiano. Para dar conta da investigação, recorreu-se ao enfoque teórico da análise de carreira, a fim de alcançar os períodos de compromisso ao longo do ciclo de vida dos conselheiros, entendendo sua participação no Conselho como um processo. Em seguida utilizou-se da teoria dos movimentos sociais, precisamente a destinada ao entendimento dos processos históricos e das oportunidades políticas, no sentido de perceber o quanto o sistema político exerce influência nas instituições e nas ações dos atores ali inseridos. A opção metodológica de coleta de dados nessa acepção consistiu em pesquisa documental, referente à história do conselho e de atas das reuniões, entrevistas com os conselheiros e observação das reuniões do Conselho. O período pesquisado compreendeu o colegiado de julho de 2010 a julho de 2012, pois permitiram ter uma ampla percepção de como processos históricos, legislações e conjunturas políticas interferiram na configuração do Conselho, na contemporaneidade. As conclusões do estudo apontam para a existência de participação dos conselheiros da sociedade civil com diferentes formas de contribuição, alguns mais ativos a se envolver em todos os processos do Conselho, devido a uma determinada formação acadêmica e conhecimento associativo, que os habilita a atuar com mais competência, e outros, por sua vez, colaboram apenas na assiduidade às reuniões. Alguns conselheiros da sociedade civil demonstram assim um conhecimento prévio em relação à política de Assistência Social, e outros por sua vez têm interesse em aprender a partir da inserção no Conselho. Dessa forma, os atores representantes das entidades da sociedade civil distinguem-se daqueles do passado, dotados de benevolência e caridade somente. Todavia há alguns entraves que não permitem uma ampla participação, a saber, no poder de agenda do governo e na dependência financeira de algumas entidades.