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M.A. / The principle aim of the present study was to uncover the similarities and differences between the National Plan for Family Life (NPFL) and six state-funded programmes of social welfare organisations. A checklist was compiled from the NPFL on the basis of an explorative-descriptive research design with the following categories: "principles", "aim", "objectives", "the identified needs of families", "target groups" and "actions". The content of the said six state-funded programmes of social-welfare organisations were then analysed by means of the said checklist in order to uncover any possible similarities and differences. The latter checklist was also utilised as the framework for the dissemination of the findings and recommendations arrived at and made on account of the study. Of these thirty-five findings, the following deserve to be mentioned: • In the category entitled "principles", no correlation could be drawn, as not one of the programmes documented principles as their basis. • In the category entitled "aim", the concept "marriage and family life" only featured in two programmes, whilst no programme provided for the concept "optimum quality marriage and family life". • The strengthening of marriage and family life featured in the category entitled "objectives" especially as far as significance attribution, interpersonal relations and resilience to overcome adversity were concerned. Similarities in respect of the concept "strengthening" were only uncovered in one programme, whilst three programmes included facets of marriage and family life such as interpersonal relations. The NPFL takes cognisance of the effect and affect of inhuman and inhibitory circumstances in families' physical environment. Only one programme bore partial resemblance to this, thanks to a formulated objective aimed at the improvement of children's physical environment. The privileges, rights, responsibilities and joys associated with parenthood and family life are highlighted in the NPFL, whilst children's rights are only referred to in one programme and the honouring of these responsibilities is referred to in another. No programme, however, make any mention of the joys of parenthood and family life. Preparation for the various life phases in order to prevent dysfunctioning is emphasised in the NPFL, whilst none of the other programmes barring one allow for the word "preparation" in their objectives. The facilitation of therapeutic and supporting services, aimed at the handling of dysfunctions in family life, is emphasised in the NPFL; an aspect which all six programmes share. • The following sub-categories feature in the category entitled 9dentified needs" of the checklist: "marital relations", "family relations", "parent/child relations", "individual factors", "needs relating to the interface between family and community" and "value orientations". With the exception of the interface between family and community, as well as value orientations, a similarity was uncovered between all these sub-categories. • Strong similarities were found between the categories entitled "target groups" and "actions", as contained in the checklist of the NPFL and the six programmes.

Cette thèse de doctorat étudie les profits engendrés par l’accomplissement des sept œuvres de miséricorde à Lille dans les trois derniers siècles du Moyen Âge. Au sein du comté de Flandre, Lille est une ville étonnamment calme par rapport à ses voisines néerlandophones et relativement peu étudiée. Lille a connu l’autorité successive des comtes de Flandre, des rois de France puis des ducs de Bourgogne. En 1237, la comtesse Jeanne de Constantinople y fonde pour le salut de son âme un hôpital fortement doté, destiné à accueillir le plus grand nombre possible de pauvres. Au tout début du XVIe siècle, la densité des institutions charitables est forte dans la ville puisque celle-ci compte, pour 25 000 habitants (hypothèse très haute), seize hôpitaux, un orphelinat en gestation pour les garçons ainsi que sept charités paroissiales. En plus de ces institutions, il faut ajouter les nombreuses aumônes accomplies par les particuliers. Les secours aux pauperes Christi sont au cœur de nombreux dispositifs mémoriels. Les institutions charitables constituent de véritables enjeux économiques tant par leurs richesses, qu’elles replacent sur les marchés, que par leurs besoins en denrées et en main-d’œuvre. Une enquête prosopographique montre que leur gestion permet à ceux qui ne peuvent faire partie du Magistrat pour des raisons politiques ou familiales, de trouver malgré tout une place utile et honorable dans la société. In fine, l’étude montre que le contrôle – même indirect – des institutions charitables représente un enjeu politique entre les bourgeois et leurs gouvernants et renforce aussi les liens qui les unissent. / This PhD thesis concerns the profits generated by the accomplishment of the seven works of mercy in Lille, during the last three centuries of the Middle Ages. Within the County of Flanders, Lille is a quiet astonishing town, especially compared to its Dutch-speaking neighbours. Its case has only seldom been studied. Lille was successively ruled by the counts of Flanders, the kings of France and the dukes of Burgundy. In 1237, Countess Joan of Constantinople founded for the sake of her soul, a hospital that she endowed a lot. The goal of the institution was to welcome as many pauperes Christi as possible. At the very beginning of the 16th century, the density of charitable institutions in a 25 000 inhabitants town (a generous hypothesis) was very high, with 16 hospitals, one orphanage in developement, seven parochial charities and numerous alms made by individuals. The goal of helping the pauperes Christi was at the heart of numerous memorial devices. Charitable institutions constituted an important economic issues, due to their wealth and needs in goods and workforce. A prosopographical research shows that their management allows people who could not participate to the Magistrat to obtain an honourable place into the society. Finally, this study shows that the control of charitable institutions – even if indirect – does not only represent a political issue between citizens and their rulers but reinforces their connections.

The present study conducts a multimodal discourse analysis of texts from the three charities UNICEF, Red Cross and Doctors Without Borders and investigates how the reader is encouraged to support these organizations by donating money. The aim is to explore what relationship to the reader that is established, as well as what attitudes that are expressed through textual and visual modes. To do this, three texts from each charity are selected, all regarding the 10-year-long Syrian war, so a comparison can be drawn between the organizations’ different linguistic strategies. The study is based on Fairclough’s three-dimensional model, Halliday’s metafunctions and the appraisal theory presented by Martin & White. Previous studies illustrate how the theoretical frameworks can be applied in analyses of advertisement, narrative texts and fundraising letters by non-for-profit organizations. This study provides further illustration of the significant role of different details in pictures and written text in order to inspire and persuade the reader to help finance the organizations. The results discern a charity discourse, where the texts not only emphasize the importance of helping those in need, but also to support and allow the charities to continue their crucial work worldwide. The texts also seem to aim at arousing empathy and creating a close relationship to the reader in order to encourage donations.

In the early decades of the twentieth century, the emergence of a novel corporate form – the non-profit family philanthropic foundation – created a new instrument through which the charitable impulses of their founders could be expressed. This archival dissertation project examines the histories of these foundations through a few targeted test cases (the Henry R. Luce Foundation, the Pew Charitable Trusts, and the Lilly Endowment, Inc.) and the group of theologically and politically conservative businessmen who engineered them. On a fine-grained level, I aim to document the shift from the religiously influenced, often denominational, charitable institution to the highly “rationalized” modern non-profit philanthropic foundation between the years 1934 and 1959. In so doing, I aim to shed further light on the religious rationalities of some of our nation’s most powerful secular institutions.

Hur välgörenhetsorganisationer kommunicerar är betydelsefullt för att skapa engagemang. Genom att använda olika element i kampanjfilmer kan organisationerna öka uppmärksamheten och medvetenheten hos mottagaren. Syftet med denna studie är att ta reda på hur två av Sveriges främsta välgörenhets­organisationer kommunicerar via kampanjfilmer för att väcka ett engagemang hos publiken. Vi undersöker vilka element och myter som finns närvarande i kampanjfilmerna, hur celebriteter kan bidra till att väcka engagemang samt vilken roll sociala medier har i publikens engagemang. Den teori vi utgår från i denna studie berör ämnen som celebriteter, publikengagemang samt spridning i sociala medier. Det är en kvalitativ studie med en induktiv ansats och vi genomför en semiotisk bildanalys samt retorisk analys av fyra kampanjfilmer. Urvalet består av två kampanjfilmer från Unicef och två kampanjfilmer från Plan Sverige. Studiens resultat visar att välgörenhetsorganisationer använder celebriteter för att tilltala målgrupper i olika åldrar och för att öka trovärdigheten i deras kommunikation. Genom att använda utsatta barn som element förstärks känslor som medlidande och frustration över barnens situation och detta kan väcka känslor och behov av ett djupare engagemang hos mottagaren. Att använda element som humor, kända talespersoner samt unika budskap kan kampanjer sticka ut från mängden och få en större spridning i sociala medier. Mottagare kan känna en vilja att dela budskapen vidare, dels för att stärka sitt personliga varumärke men även för att inleda en diskussion kring problemet. / How charities communicate is an important aspect in creating engagement. By using different elements in campaign films, organizations can increase the visibility and awareness of the receiver. The purpose of this study is to find out how two of Sweden's leading charity organizations communicate via campaign films in order to create engagement. We examine which elements and myths that are present in the campaign films, how celebrities can help to encourage involvement and the role of social media in audience engagement. The theoretical framework for this study is based upon topics such as celebrity spokespersons, audience engagement and spread in social media. It is a qualitative study using an inductive approach, and we conduct a semiotic and rhetorical analysis of four campaign films. The sample consists of two campaign films by the organization Unicef ​​and two campaign films from Plan Sverige. The study shows that charities use famous people to appeal to audiences of different ages and to increase the credibility of the communication. By using underprivileged children as elements, feelings of compassion and frustration over the situation of children are reinforced and this can arouse a need of deeper involvement of the receiver. Using elements of comedy, celebrities and unique messages, campaigns can stand out from the crowd and get a larger spread in social media. Receivers may feel a desire to share the messages further, partly to strengthen their personal brand, but also to create a debate on the issue.

This research captures a detailed exposition of an investigation into knowledge sharing in HIV/AIDS non-government organisations in South Africa. HIV/AIDS is a global challenge and one of the most severe problems facing our world today. South Africa is home to the largest population of people living with HIV/AIDS in the world. Knowledge management, and more specifically knowledge sharing, has been identified as a key area of focus that could be deployed to solve this problem. Despite the large number of NGOs that address HIV/AIDS in South Africa, very little research has focused on understanding this group of organisations. As such, this qualitative research contributed to the literature by examining the context in which South African NGOs work and develop an argument about the factors that influences knowledge sharing in HIV/AIDS NGOs in South Africa. A literature review provides an overview of the main contexts in which knowledge sharing has arisen. The literature shows that despite its importance for HIV/AIDS NGOs in South Africa, there is no framework which addresses intra-organisational knowledge in this context. It is an area that has received very little research attention, yet is of increasing importance in the light of the HIV/AIDS crisis in South Africa. This motivated the researcher to formalise, refine and validate a framework to address this issue. The research has resulted in a number of contributions to knowledge and benefits for the NGO involved. A key contribution is the development of a knowledge sharing framework that has been evaluated by HIV/AIDS NGO practitioners and internationally recognised knowledge management experts that can be used to support intra-organisational knowledge sharing in HIV/AIDS NGOs in South Africa. This framework consists of the identification of knowledge sharing component drivers required for effective knowledge sharing with the HIV/AIDS NGO and a method for implementation based on a knowledge sharing process. The research has also identified areas where there is a significant scope for further research and investigation.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-10-22T12:32:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Samira Leinko Matsuda Raphael.pdf: 1563713 bytes, checksum: f698f83b9833c58de58cfb27c44cf30d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-22T12:32:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Samira Leinko Matsuda Raphael.pdf: 1563713 bytes, checksum: f698f83b9833c58de58cfb27c44cf30d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present work seeks to understand the meanings of the Social Assistance Policy (SP) for users residing in the municipality of Itaquaquecetuba - SP from their own lenses and experiences. He sought to understand who these users are, what place they occupy in capitalist society, what paths they take and the challenges they face in order to realize their rights. It briefly presents a socio-historical debate on the formation of the State and its political form, the social question and the development of social policies in capitalism. It analyzes the foundations for the understanding of Law in bourgeois civil society, in this sense it presents a critique of the law subjecting it to the totality of social relations and contributes to the understanding of the Law phenomenon as a socio-historical construction. She sought to discuss social protection in Brazil from the 1930s, in an attempt to understand the institutionalization of Social Assistance as public policy and the contours that it assumes in the current Brazilian context, questioning its advances and contradictions. It emphasizes the conservative practices under the robes of assistance and political clientelism, as a form of access and concession to public goods and services, it points out that this pattern of urban and modern cultural behavior is not exclusive to the Social Assistance Policy, but rather pervades in a peculiar way all social policies. The research is qualitative in nature and, through interviews, the users of social assistance were heard to analyze the meanings they attribute to this policy. Even with all the democratic advance of the Social Assistance Policy, there is a conservative project in the municipality of Itaquaquecetuba -SP, represented by the personal relations of power and exchange of favors, which together with the neoliberal project of characteristics of reduction of the role of the State and social rights prevent the implementation of Social Assistance as public policy and law / O presente trabalho busca compreender os significados da Política de Assistência Social (SP) para os usuários residentes no município de Itaquaquecetuba – SP a partir de suas próprias lentes e vivências. Procura entender quem são esses usuários, qual o lugar que ocupam na sociedade capitalista, quais caminhos percorridos e desafios que encontram para efetivar seus direitos. Apresenta de forma breve um debate sócio-histórico sobre a formação do Estado e sua forma política, a questão social e o desenvolvimento das políticas sociais no capitalismo. Analisa os fundamentos para o entendimento do Direito na sociedade civil burguesa e, nesse sentido, apresenta uma crítica ao direito submetendo-o à totalidade das relações sociais e contribuindo para a sua compreensão como uma construção sócio-histórica. Discorre sobre a proteção social no Brasil a partir da década de 1930, na tentativa de compreender a institucionalização da Assistência Social como política pública e os contornos que ela assume na conjuntura atual brasileira, questionando seus avanços e contradições. Destaca as práticas conservadoras sob as vestes do assistencialismo e do clientelismo político, como forma de acesso e concessão dos bens e serviços públicos, bem como assinala que esse padrão de comportamento cultural e moderno não é exclusividade da Política de Assistência Social, mas perpassa de forma peculiar todas as políticas sociais. A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa e, por meio de entrevistas, os usuários da assistência social foram ouvidos para análise dos significados que atribuem a essa política. Mesmo com todo o avanço democrático da Política de Assistência Social, verifica-se que há um projeto conservador no município de Itaquaquecetuba –SP, representado pelas relações pessoais de poder e troca de favores que, aliado ao projeto neoliberal de redução do papel do Estado e dos direitos sociais, impede a efetivação da Assistência Social enquanto política pública e de direito

Abstract not available

This study of the Philanthropic Society (later the Royal Philanthropic Society) sets out to explain how it survived during many shifts in thinking about the treatment of juvenile offenders in nineteenth-century Britain. The study also pays particular attention to relationships between the Society and the state, showing how the Society was gradually drawn into dependence on the state. The thesis begins with an overview of the Society's work prior to its decision to move from London to Redhill in 1849. Next it proceeds to a close study of the Society's work until the end of the century. The decision to concentrate on the Redhill Farm School reflects not only changing views about the reformation of young offenders, but also the financial imperatives which forced the Society along paths shaped by the state. Close attention is paid to the way Parliamentary inquiries and commissions, which in the mid-Victorian period tended to laud the Society as a model, later criticized it for lagging behind advanced thinking. Interwoven within this narratives are descriptions of the specific measures the Society took for training and caring for boys at Redhill. It explores the nature of unpaid labour, training and discipline enforced at the farm school. It also examines the variety of subjects taught during the years a boy would spend working within a strict discipline, and the methods used to enforce such discipline. Another subject worthy of extended consideration is the Society's enthusiasm for emigration to British colonies following a boy's term of incarceration. The thesis closes with an examination of how and why the Society lost its reputation as a leader in the treatment of young offenders in the late-Victorian period, as government imposed new rules and regulations. The overall argument is that the Society born as the result of moral panics about children at risk became a long-term survivor as the result of partnerships with the state.