Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2018-06-19T12:59:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Laisla Rangel Peixoto.pdf: 44106015 bytes, checksum: 6f7b9d5945cca437f89df4d89f4e9570 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2018-07-03T17:47:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Laisla Rangel Peixoto.pdf: 44106015 bytes, checksum: 6f7b9d5945cca437f89df4d89f4e9570 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-03T17:47:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Laisla Rangel Peixoto.pdf: 44106015 bytes, checksum: 6f7b9d5945cca437f89df4d89f4e9570 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The palmadora, belonging to the family Cactaceae, is a plant popularly known as Palmatoria, Palma or Quipá. The T. palmadora is widely distributed in areas of the Caatinga of the Northeast region of Brazil, the tea of its root being popularly used in the treatment of problems in the urethra. The present study aimed to isolate chemical compounds from the extracts and phases obtained, perform the physicochemical characterization of the plant drug, as well as to investigate biological activities of the roots of the species T. palmadora. After harvesting, the roots were dried and crushed to obtain the vegetable drug. The physicochemical characterization of the plant drug was used to determine the granulometry, density, ash content, moisture content, pH, microstructure (Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Dispersive Energy (EDS)), Infrared Region Spectroscopy with Fourier Transform (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). The crude ethanol extract (EEB), the nebulized hydroalcoholic extract (EHAN), and the hexane and hexane phases (Hex), Dichloromethane (CH 2 Cl 2), Ethyl Acetate (AcOEt) and Ethanolol (EtOH) were obtained from the root of T.palmadora. In addition, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening was performed. Isolation and identification of the chemical compounds were performed by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods, respectively. The toxicological activity against Artemia salina, Determination of Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for bacteria and fungi, hemolytic tests and antioxidant activity, using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl- hydrazyl), Total Antioxidant Activity (AAT) and the Ferric Thiocyanate method. The powder was classified as semi-thin, easy flow, low moisture content and average pH value of 5.58. The data obtained by qualitative phytochemical screening showed positive results for alkaloids and steroids / triterpenoids. TG analysis of the plant drug showed the occurrence of three stages of mass loss. The DTA analysis showed two endothermic and one exothermic events. The phytochemical study of T. palmadora roots resulted in the isolation of 4 compounds, an ester derived from caffeic acid, 5- hydroxy-4 ', 7-dimethoxyflavone, vanillic acid and ethyl palmitate. It was observed that the values of the Lethal Concentration (LC50) of the extracts showed little significant activity (LC50> 1000 μg.mL-1). The extracts AcOEt, EtOH and Hex showed antifungal activity against C. albicans, C. krusei and C. tropicalis. The EtOH extract showed the highest hemolytic activity. The antioxidant activity, as well as the capacity of sequestration of DPPH, the extract AcOEt obtained the best result, where in the concentration of 500 μg.mL-1 obtained an average of 76.44% and for the AAT, the extract AcOEt showed a better result, since the results were similar to the Quercetin standard. T.palmadora has been shown to be a promising species, due to the variety of isolated chemical compounds and important biological activities. Further chemical, pharmacological and toxicological studies should be done to promote knowledge about this plant. / Tacinga palmadora, pertencente à família Cactaceae, é uma planta conhecida popularmente como Palmatória, Palma ou Quipá. A T. palmadora é amplamente distribuída em áreas da Caatinga da região Nordeste do Brasil, sendo o chá de sua raiz utilizado popularmente no tratamento de problemas na uretra. O presente estudo teve por objetivo isolar compostos químicos dos extratos e fases obtidas, realizar a caracterização físico-química da droga vegetal, assim como investigar atividades biológicas das raizes da espécie T. palmadora. As raízes após coleta, passaram por processo de secagem e foram trituradas para a obtenção da droga vegetal. Foi realizada a caracterização físico-química da droga vegetal, para determinação da granulometria, densidade, teor de cinzas, teor de umidade, pH, microestrutura (Microscópia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) e Energia Dispersiva (EDS)), Espectroscopia na Região de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR), Análise termogravimétrica (TG) e Análise Térmica Diferencial (DTA). Foi obtido da raiz da T.palmadora o Extrato Etanólico Bruto (EEB), o Extrato Hidroalcólico Nebulizado (EHAN) e os extatos e fases Hexânico (Hex), Diclorometano (CH2Cl2), Acetato de Etila (AcOEt) e Etanolólico (EtOH). Além disso, realizou-se o Screening fitoquímico qualitativo e quantitativo. O isolamento e a identificação dos compostos químicos foram realizados por métodos cromatográficos e espectroscópicos respectivamente. Realizou-se também a atividade toxicológica frente à Artemia salina, Determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) para bactérias e fungos, testes hemolíticos e atividade antioxidante, utilizando o método de Sequestro do radical DPPH (2,2 -difenil -1- picril –hidrazil), Atividade Antioxidante Total (AAT) e o método de Tiocianato Férrico. O pó foi classificado como semi-fino, de fácil escoamento, baixo teor de umidade e valor médio do pH de 5,58. Os dados obtidos pelo Screening fitoquímico qualitativo mostrou resultado positivo para alcaloides e esteroides/triterpenoides. A análise do TG da droga vegetal mostrou a ocorrência de três etapas de perda de massa. A análise da DTA mostrou dois eventos endotérmicos e um exotérmico. O estudo fitoquímico das raízes de T. palmadora resultou no isolamento de 4 compostos, um éster derivado do ácido caféico, a 5- hidroxi-4',7-dimetoxiflavona, o ácido vanílico e o palmitato de etila.Observou-se que os valores da Concentração Letal Média (CL50) dos extratos apresentaram atividade pouco significante (CL50> 1000 µg.mL^-1 ). Os extratos AcOEt, EtOH e Hex mostraram atividade antifúngica contra á C. albicans, C. krusei e C. tropicalis. O extrato EtOH foi a que apresentou melhor atividade hemolítica. A atividade antioxidante, quanto a capacidade de sequestro do DPPH, o extrato AcOEt obteve o melhor resultado, onde na concentração de 500 µg.mL^-1 obteve uma média de 76,44% e quanto a AAT, o extrato AcOEt mostrou um melhor resultado, visto que os resultados foram semelhantes ao padrão Quercetina. A T.palmadora demonstrou ser uma espécie promissora, pela variedade de compostos químicos isolados e por ter apresentado importantes atividades biológicas. Mais estudos químicos, farmacológicos e toxicológicos devem ser feitos a fim de promover o conhecimento acerca desta planta.

Fever tea is one of the important medicinal plants belonging to the family Verbenaceae. The leaves of the plant are used as a remedy to treat malaria, stomach pains, colds and fever. There are different clones of Lippia species available with different medicinal value. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine protocols for propagation of fever tea so as to multiply an ideal clone. Vegetative propagation of this plant species by stem cuttings, requirements for seed germination and response of fertigation frequencies and growing medium to growth, yield and quality has not been studied. In this study, factors influencing effective propagation of fever tea were studied. Those factors were: cutting position (apical vs. basal), media (pine bark vs. sand), hormone (seradix No. 2 vs. no hormone) light and temperature requirement for fever tea seed germination and effect of fertigation frequencies (0.4 L/day, 1L/day, 2L/day, 2L/2nd day and 2L/week) and growing media (pine bark vs. sand) on growth, oil yield and oil quality. In vegetative propagation by stem cuttings, measurements made were number of roots per rooted cutting, fresh mass, stem circumference and number of leaves and the rate of rooting during four consecutive sampling dates (5, 10, 15 and 20 days after planting). Apical cuttings rooted earlier by 5 days than basal cuttings at 10 days but at 15-20 days after establishment, both cuttings had good rooting. Fresh mass was not affected by cutting position and rooting media, but cuttings performed slightly better when propagated in pine bark medium than sand medium. Basal cuttings resulted in thicker stems and more leaves as compared to apical cuttings. Seradix No.2 (0.3% IBA) hormone increased the fresh mass, stem circumferences, root number and leaf numbers on both apical and basal cuttings. For the establishment of fever tea stem cuttings, both apical and basal cuttings can be used but pine bark is the ideal medium. The cuttings can be ready for transplanting in 15-20 days after establishment and Seradix No. 2 (0.3% IBA) promotes rooting of fever tea cuttings. The ideal combination of light and temperature for seed germination of fever tea was investigated. Germination was tested at constant temperature regimes (15, 20, 25 and 30¨¬C with continuous light or dark period and alternating temperatures of 20:30 and 16L: 8D (light: dark) combinations respectively. Seeds started to germinate after 8 days from incubation and the last germination was observed at 30 days from incubation. Germination percentages increased at 20-30 constant temperatures and 20/30 alternating temperatures but the difference amongst them was not significant. Higher germination of 86% were achieved when seeds were exposed to continuous light than alternating light and dark. Seeds failed to germinate in continuous darkness. Fever tea seeds were positively photoblastic. The effect of fertigation frequency and growing medium on the growth, yield and quality of fever tea were investigated in a tunnel. Treatments used were five fertigation frequencies (0.5L/day, 1L/day, 2L/day, 2L/2nd day, and 2L/week) and two growing media (pine bark and sand). Measurements made were plant height, stem circumference and number of branches at 8, 16 and 32 weeks after planting. At 8 weeks after planting all fertigation frequencies improved fever tea growth except fertigation frequency of 2L/week. All the fertigation frequencies were ideal to sustain the growth and development of fever tea plants except 2L/week. At 16 weeks after planting there were interactive effects between fertigation frequencies and the growing medium for the plant height of fever tea. Plants fertigated with 2L/day grown in sand media grew taller than all the other fertigation frequencies. At 32 weeks after planting there was a significant effect on the plant height from the main effects of fertigation frequency and growing medium. Plants fertigated with 2L/day were significantly the tallest followed by plants fertigated with 0.5L/day, 1L/day, 2L/2nd day and 2L/week. When plants were younger better plant growth was obtained in pine bark media. Stem circumference and number of branches of fever tea were significantly affected by fertigation frequency and growth medium. At 16 and 32 weeks after planting, plants grown in sand media had thicker stems and more branches as compared to plants grown in pine bark media. The essential oil of fever tea was extracted using hydro-distillation. Fertigation frequency did not affect oil yield. Plants grown in pine bark media yielded more oil than plants grown in sand medium. Microscopical studies using scanning electron microscope were investigated to determine the development of oil glands and trichomes on the abaxial (upper) and adaxial (lower) surfaces of the leaves as affected by fertigation frequency and the growing medium. There were no significant effects on the number of oil glands and trichomes developed on both surfaces of the leaves. Pine bark medium resulted in larger oil glands than sand medium regardless of the treatments, and pine bark also yielded more oil percentages than sand medium. Based on this investigations for commercial production of fever tea essential oil pine bark media is recommended. Chemical compounds of fever tea oil were also not affected by fertigation frequency or growth medium. In this study the chemical compounds detected from essential oils of fever tea were monoterpenes (i.e. ¥á-pinene, sebinen, 1.8 cinede, myrcene, ipsenone and ipsedienone) and the sesquiterpenes (i.e. ¥â-caryophyllene and germacrene-D). Compounds that gave the smallest chemical percentages and the shortest time to be detected were ¥á-pinene, sebinen, 1.8 cinede, myrcene, ipsenone and ipsedienone. Compounds found with the highest chemical percentages with highest peaks were ¥â-caryophyllene and germacrene-D. / Dissertation (MSc (Horticulture))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Plant Production and Soil Science / unrestricted

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:16:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MirelyFP_DISSERT_PARCIAL.pdf: 786643 bytes, checksum: 4acab041106a30bcf7d8494f27443eb4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The main aim of this study was to compare the procedure for dehydration of Gracilaria birdiae prepared handmade and laboratory, collected in the northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte. The sample was collected in the Rio do Fogo beach in march 2009. The sample collected followed by two processing, the first the material prepared in laboratory was air-dried at 50?C for 24 hours in air-flow oven. The second the handmade sample was air-dried on the sun during three days. The extract was prepared in three different solvents: ethanol, hydroethanol and water, resulting in ethanol, hidroethanol and aqueous extracts from handmade and laboratory sample. In according with results only the ethanol extract was fractionated yielding the fractions hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions. The different process to obtain Gracilaria birdiae resulted in the samples with different shades. The soluble solids content was higher in the laboratory sample. The chemical composition the both samples were characterized by presenting a considerable amounts of carbohydrates, with amior percentage protein and ash, respectively, in the handmade and laboratory sample. In two samples showed a low content of lipids and the lipid profile showed a higher proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids, with the absence polyunsaturated handmade sample. The phytochemical screening by chemical reactions showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and saponins the laboratory sample, presenting a greater diversity of bioactive compounds. Through of the analysis by thin layer chromatography was possible to identify the phytosterols ?-sitosterol and stigmasterol the both samples, also suggest the presence of ?-carotene and chlorophyll ? the laboratory sample. The levels of total phenolics and flavonoids were more significant in the ethanol extract of the laboratory sample. The in vitro lethality showed that extracts of the laboratory sample and handmade from 125 to 500 ?g/ mL, respectively, were highly lethal. In the evaluation of antioxidant capacity by the system ?-carotene/?cido linoleic method and by DPPH radical scavernging assay, the ethanol extract from the laboratory process showed significantly greater activity than the other extracts, being and the first and second methods, respectively, lower and equivalent to the synthetic antioxidant BHT. The handmade ethanol extract has not demonstrated skill in deactivating free radicals, but showed activity in inhibiting lipid peroxidation, although the values were significantly lower than the laboratory sample. We conclude that the dehydration process in the laboratory is the most efficient technique to maintenance of the chemical composition present in the seaweed, providing beneficial properties such as antioxidant capacity. We emphasize that this property can be explored with the objective of adding commercial value to the final product, which will promote the expansion of production of this seaweed in the community of Rio do Fogo / O presente estudo tem como finalidade analisar de forma comparativa o procedimento de desidrata??o de Gracilaria birdiae beneficiada laboratorialmente e artesanalmente, cultivada no litoral norte do Rio Grande do Norte. A coleta das amostras foi realizada na praia do Rio do Fogo em mar?o de 2009. Das amostras coletadas seguiram-se dois processamentos, no primeiro o material coletado foi mantido em estufa de ar circulante a 50?C, por 24 horas sendo obtida a amostra laboratorial. No segundo a amostra artesanal foi desidrata??o ao sol por um per?odo de tr?s dias. A extra??o consistiu em solu??es etan?lica, hidroetan?lica e aquosa, resultando em extrato etan?lico, hidroetan?lico e aquoso. De acordo com os resultados o extrato etan?lico foi fracionamento obtendo as fra??es hexano, diclorometano e acetato de etila. As distintas formas de processamento da Gracilaria birdiae promoveram a obten??o de amostras com tonalidades distintas. Quanto ao teor de s?lidos sol?veis a amostra laboratorial apresentou superioridade. A composi??o centesimal de ambas as amostras caracterizaram-se por apresentar um consider?vel teor de carboidratos, com maior percentual de res?duo mineral e prote?nas, respectivamente, na amostra laboratorial e artesanal. As duas amostras apresentaram um baixo conte?do de lip?deos e um perfil lip?dico caracterizado por uma maior propor??o de ?cidos graxos monoinsaturados, com aus?ncia de poliinsaturados na amostra artesanal. A triagem fitoqu?mica evidenciou a presen?a de flavon?ides, taninos, saponinas e alcal?ides na amostra laboratorial, apresentando uma maior diversidade de compostos bioativos. Por meio da cromatografia em camada delgada foi poss?vel identificar os fitoester?is ?-sitosterol e stigmasterol em ambas as amostras, al?m de sugerir a presen?a do ?-caroteno e da clorofila ? na amostra laboratorial. Os teores de compostos fen?licos totais e caroten?ides totais foram mais expressivos no extrato etan?lico da amostra laboratorial. A letalidade in vitro, demonstrou que os extratos etan?licos da amostra laboratorial e artesanal a partir de 500 e 125 ?g/mL, respectivamente, foram altamente letais. Na avalia??o da capacidade antioxidante pelo sistema ?- caroteno/?cido linol?ico e pelo m?todo de sequestro do radical livre DPPH , o extrato etan?lico proveniente do processo laboratorial apresentou atividade significativamente maior que os demais extratos, sendo no primeiro e segundo m?todo, respectivamente, inferior e equivalente ao antioxidante sint?tico BHT. O extrato etan?lico proveniente do processo artesanal n?o demonstrou habilidade na desativa??o de radicais livres, mas apresentou atividade na inibi??o da peroxida??o lip?dica, por?m com valores significativamente inferiores a amostra laboratorial. Conclui-se que o processo de desidrata??o em laborat?rio ? a t?cnica mais eficiente, por supostamente promover a manuten??o dos compostos qu?micos presentes na alga marinha, proporcionando propriedades ben?ficas como a capacidade antioxidante. Ressalta-se que esta propriedade pode ser explorada com o intuito de agregar valor comercial ao produto final, o que promover? a expans?o da produ??o desta alga na comunidade do Rio do Fogo / 2020-01-01

Orientadores: Altair Antoninha Del Bel Cury, Tatiana Pereira Cenci / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T11:15:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernandes_FredericoSilvadeFreitas_M.pdf: 733963 bytes, checksum: a861bd550ab439f138ef016317f27638 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Biofilme de Candida spp formado na superfície de próteses removíveis é considerado o principal fator etiológico da candidose, a qual é a infecção oral fúngica mais prevalente em humanos. Em pacientes com comprometimento motor, o uso de limpadores químicos é indicado para o controle desse biofilme, entretanto, pouco se conhece sobre o efeito desses agentes sobre o biofilme de Candidas não-albicans. Adicionalmente, a literatura é escassa de estudos avaliando a formação de biofilme de Candida sobre novos materiais para base de próteses. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito de limpadores químicos sobre o biofilme mono e multi-espécie de Candida formado sobre a superfície de materiais para confecção de próteses removíveis. Foram confeccionados espécimes de resina de polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA) e resina poliamida, os quais, após a padronização da rugosidade de superfície (0,34 ± 0,02 µm), foram submetidos à avaliação da energia livre de superfície (ELS) ou à formação de biofilme. Biofilme de Candida albicans e/ou Candida glabrata foi formado por 72 h, sendo os espécimes, previamente, submetidos à formação da película adquirida. Após o período de formação do biofilme, os espécimes foram submetidos aos tratamentos, segundo o tempo recomendado por cada fabricante: limpador químico enzimático (3 min); limpador químico sem enzimas (5 min); e hipoclorito de sódio (NaOCl) a 0,5% (10 min). A água destilada e deionizada foi utilizada como controle. Após os tratamentos, os espécimes foram sonicados (7W por 30s) em solução salina, para remoção das células aderidas. Essa solução foi serialmente diluída em solução salina e semeada em CHROMagar® Candida. O número de células viáveis de Candida foi expresso em unidades formadoras de colônia (UFC)/mm2. Os dados da ELS e ângulo de contato foram submetidos a ANOVA um fator, enquanto que os dados de células viáveis de Candida foram submetidos a ANOVA três fatores, seguido do teste de Tukey-Kramer. Todos os biofilmes avaliados apresentaram maior crescimento na resina de poliamida (p<0,0001), entretanto, essa resina apresentou um menor valor de ELS quando comparada à resina de PMMA. Os limpadores químicos, contendo ou não enzimas, reduziram significantemente os níveis de Candida, sem haver diferença estatística entre eles (p=0,9999). Entretanto, o NaOCl a 0,5% foi mais eficaz, na medida em que resultou na ausência de células viáveis. Em todas as situações avaliadas, a C. glabrata apresentou maiores valores de células viáveis do que a C. albicans (p=0,0002). Nas condições desse estudo, conclui-se que a resina de poliamida possibilitou uma maior proliferação de Candida; e os limpadores químicos comerciais foram eficazes na redução dos níveis de Candida spp, mas apenas a solução de hipoclorito de sódio a 0,5% resultou na ausência de células viáveis na superfícies dos materiais testados / Resumo: Os limpadores químicos de prótese têm sido bastante indicados para o controle do biofilme formado sobre próteses removíveis de pacientes com comprometimento motor. Apesar de estudos prévios terem mostrado que uma única imersão nesses agentes é capaz de reduzir os níveis de Candida albicans do biofilme formado sobre próteses removíveis, pouco se sabe sobre o efeito do uso diário desses limpadores sobre o biofilme residual de Candida. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do uso diário de um limpador químico enzimático sobre o biofilme de C. albicans formado sobre a superfície de materiais para confecção de próteses removíveis; bem como a atividade enzimática das células de Candida desse biofilme após exposições diárias a esse limpador de prótese. Foram confeccionados espécimes de resina de polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA) e resina de poliamida, nos quais foi realizada, inicialmente, a padronização da rugosidade de superfície (0,34 ± 0,02 ?m). Após a formação da película adquirida, os espécimes foram divididos aleatoriamente em 12 grupos (n=9) para formação do biofilme de C. albicans por 72 horas. Após esse período, os espécimes foram tratados por 1, 4 ou 7 dias, sendo realizado um tratamento por dia, com um limpador químico enzimático (Polident 3 Minutes) ou com água destilada (controle negativo). Após os respectivos períodos de tratamento, os microrganismos remanescentes foram removidos da superfície dos espécimes por meio de ondas ultra-sônicas (7W por 30s). Em seguida, as unidades formadoras de colônia (UFC) foram calculadas e a atividade enzimática das células remanescentes foi avaliada. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA um fator ou dois fatores, seguido do teste de Tukey-Kramer. O biofilme de Candida albicans formado sobre a resina de poliamida apresentou maiores níveis de Candida e uma maior atividade fosfolipásica que o biofilme formado sobre a resina de PMMA (p<0,001). O limpador químico enzimático reduziu significantemente os níveis de Candida albicans em todos os períodos avaliados (p<0,001), entretanto os níveis desse microrganismo aumentaram com o tempo, sendo observada diferença estatisticamente significante entre os períodos avaliados (p<0,001). As exposições diárias a esse limpador químico aumentaram a virulência das células de Candida, no que diz respeito à atividade fosfolipásica. Nas condições desse estudo, conclui-se que o uso diário do limpador químico enzimático não foi capaz de impedir a proliferação de Candida albicans no biofilme residual, apesar de ter interferido no crescimento desse biofilme. / Abstract: Candida denture biofilm is considered the the primary aetiological agent for the development of oral candidosis, which is the most common fungal oral infection in humans. Although, for patients with limited motor capacity, chemical cleansing with immersion in denture cleansers has been shown to be effective in controlling Candida biofilm accumulation, limited data is available on the effect of those cleansing agents on other Candida species biofilms. Additionally, few studies have examined the development of Candida biofims on novel denture materials. This study evaluated the efficacy of denture cleansers on C. albicans and C. glabrata single and dual-species biofilms formed on novel denture base materials. Specimens of polymethylmetacrylate resin (PMMA) and polyamide resin were prepared and had their surface roughness standardized (0.34 ± 0.02 µm). Part of the specimens had their surface free energy measured and the other specimens were submitted to the biofilm assays. C. albicans and/or C. glabrata biofilm was formed for 72 hours on saliva-coated specimens. On the 3rd day, specimens were treated with an enzymatic cleanser, denture cleanser or 0.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution by soaking for, 3, 5 and 10 min, respectively. Water was used as negative control. After treatment, adhered cells were detached from the acrylic resin surface by ultrassonic waves at 7 watts for 30 seconds in phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS). This solution was serially diluted in PBS and plated on CHROMagar® Candida. Candida viable cell were expressed in colony forming units per surface area (CFU/mm2). Data of surface free energy and contact angle were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, and data of Candida species were analyzed by three way-ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer test. All tested biofilms displayed significantly higher growth on polyamide thermoplastic resin (p<0.0001), which presented the lowest SFE. Denture cleansers significantly decreased Candida spp levels, with no statistical difference between them (p=0.9999); however, 0.5% NaOCl solution was more effective, since, after treatment, no viable cell was observed. Candida glabrata revealed significantly higher CFU counts when compared to Candida albicans under all experimental conditions (p=0.0002). Our study has shown that polyamide resins may present a convenient substratum for microbial colonization. Although denture cleansers reduced Candida levels, sodium hypochlorite should be preferred as it was efficient to eliminate Candida cells from the tested materials / Abstract: Chemical cleansing with immersion in denture cleansers has been indicated for denture biofilm control in patients with limited motor capacity. Although previous studies have shown that a single immersion in those agents is able to substantially reduce Candida albicans biofilm levels, the effect of the routine use of denture cleansers on the Candida residual biofilm is poorly understood. This study evaluated the efficacy of daily use of an enzymatic denture cleanser on C. albicans biofilm formed on denture base materials; and the enzymatic activities of Candida biofilm cells after daily exposure to this cleanser agent. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polyamide resins specimens were prepared (n=54), and their surface roughness was standardized (0.34 ±0.02 ?m). Saliva-coated specimens were randomly divided by lottery into 12 groups (n=9) for biofilm assay. C. albicans biofilm was formed for 72 hours, and then specimens were treated for 1, 4 or 7 days, once a day, with an enzymatic cleanser (Polident 3 Minutes), or distilled water (negative control). Remaining adherent microorganisms were removed from the treated specimens by ultrasonic waves at 7 watts for 30 seconds, and then colony-forming units (CFU) were calculated and remaining cells enzymatic activities were determined. Data were analyzed by 1-way or 2-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey-Kramer test. C. albicans biofilm formed on polyamide resin showed significantly higher Candida levels and phospholipase activity (p<0.001) than biofilm formed on PMMA resin. The enzymatic cleanser significantly reduced C. albicans levels in all evaluated periods (p<0.001); however, the number of this microorganism increased with time, showing statistical difference among the treatment periods (p<0.001). The daily exposure to the denture cleanser increased Candida cells virulence, with regard to phospholipase activity. Our study has shown that the enzymatic cleanser daily use did not prevent C. albicans proliferation in residual biofilm; however, this agent reduced this fungus rate of growth. / Mestrado / Protese Dental / Mestre em Clínica Odontológica

Degalinės yra vienas iš pavojingesnių aplinkos taršos šaltinių, nes jų aplinkoje į atmosferą išsiskiria įvairūs tiek aplinkai, tiek žmogaus sveikatai pavojingi teršalai. Šio tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti oro taršos lygį degalinės aplinkoje bei gretimose jos teritorijose, pasirinkus tipišką priemiesčio degalinę. Tyrime buvo nustatinėjamos azoto dioksido, sieros dioksido, benzeno, formaldehido, bei kietųjų dalelių koncentracijos aplinkos ore. Atlikus tyrimus nustatyta, kad didžiausios lakiųjų organinių junginių bei dujų koncentracijos yra degalinės operatoriaus darbo vietoje, kur azoto dioksido (2,03 ppm), benzeno (1,52 ppm) ir formaldehido (1,43 ppm) koncentracijos ore viršijo didžiausias leidžiamas koncentracijas darbo aplinkoje. Degalinėje, lauke visų tirtų lakiųjų organinių junginių ir dujų koncentracijos viršijo ribines vertes aplinkos ore. Taip pat nustatyta, kad už degalinės teritorijos teršalų koncentracija ore padidėja likus 100 m iki degalinės. Kietųjų dalelių tyrimai parodė, kad degalinės aplinkoje daugiausiai vyrauja 0,3 – 0,5 µm dydžio dalelės. Taip pat degalinės teritorijoje, lauke buvo viršyta didžiausia leidžiama kietųjų dalelių koncentracija aplinkos ore. / A petrol station is one of the most dangerous sources which are known to contribute greatly to the pollution of the environment due to normal pollutants they emit into atmosphere. The aim of the research is to assess the level of the pollution in the surroundings of a particular city petrol station as well as in the territory of the nearly by petrol stations. A research has been carried out to measure the amount of nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen monoxide, sulfur dioxide, benzene, formaldehyde and particulate matters concentrations in the air. After carrying out the research it was found out that the largest concentration of volatile organic compounds and gases was discovered in the working place of the operator of the petrol station where the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (2,03 ppm), benzene (1,52 ppm) and formaldehyde (1,43 ppm) in the air exceeded all the limits allowed in working places. The concentration of gases and volatile organic compounds in the station and outside it exceeded the marginal value of in the air. Research also proved that the concentrations of pollutants increase in its amount 100 m around the petrol station. The test on particulate matters shoved that the prevailing size of the particulate matters was about 0,3 – 0,5 µm and their concentration highly exceeded the permitted amounts in the territory of the petrol station.

Submitted by Gabriela Lopes (gmachadolopesufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-10-08T18:22:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Tâmara pronta.pdf: 1349844 bytes, checksum: 1430b80a9af0391718476567b946627e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-10-19T20:11:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Tâmara pronta.pdf: 1349844 bytes, checksum: 1430b80a9af0391718476567b946627e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-19T20:11:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Tâmara pronta.pdf: 1349844 bytes, checksum: 1430b80a9af0391718476567b946627e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Com este trabalho objetivou-se de avaliar as características físico-químicas e fitoquímicas presentes nos frutos de 12 acessos de araçazeiro amarelo colhidos no Centro Agropecuário da Palma – UFPel. Com o interesse da população acerca de uma alimentação saudável, rica em frutas e hortaliças, e a crescente valorização de frutas nativas, justificou-se a busca por maiores conhecimentos acerca de Psidium cattleyanum L., espécie bastante comum em pomares domésticos e propriedades familiares no Rio Grande do Sul. O pomar experimental é oriundo de sementes retiradas de frutos de populações espontâneas coletados no sul do Rio Grande do Sul, e após três anos da implantação, foram selecionados 12 genótipos com características promissoras. As análises foram feitas no ciclo produtivo 2016/17 e repetidas no ciclo 2017/18, no quarto e quinto ano de produção, respectivamente. Procedeu-se a avaliação dos frutos produzidos pelas plantas selecionadas, onde em um primeiro momento foram avaliados diâmetro, altura e peso fresco, teores de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável e pH; análises realizadas com os frutos frescos. No primeiro ciclo, os frutos de A15 e A36 mostraram-se superiores aos demais tratamentos quanto às características físico-químicas. No segundo ciclo, no mês que antecedeu a colheita, houve grande redução no volume pluviométrico, o que acabou reduzindo o tamanho e o peso fresco dos frutos. Ainda assim, o acesso A36 manteve-se acima da média nestas avaliações. Posteriormente foram avaliados os frutos previamente congelados quanto aos teores de carotenóides, compostos fenólicos e atividade antioxidante. Assim como ocorrido nas análises físico-químicas, houve diferença entre os ciclos para as características fitoquímicas devido à redução do regime pluviométrico. Os materiais A30, A35 e A06 apresentaram-se superiores para os teores de compostos fenólicos e carotenóides; porém, para atividade antioxidante, A06 obteve média significativamente inferior. Como avaliação complementar, no primeiro ano optou-se por avaliar também a vida útil dos frutos, submetendo-os à radiação UV-C e armazenamento refrigerado durante 12 dias. Considera-se que os acessos devem ser acompanhados por um maior número de ciclos, a fim de obter informações mais consistentes sobre os aspectos morfológicos e a composição dos frutos, pois as condições climatológicas influenciaram em suas características físico-químicas e fitoquímicas. / The objective of this work was to evaluate the physicochemical and phytochemical characteristics of the fruits of 12 genotypes of yellow guava fruits harvested at the Centro Agropecuário da Palma - UFPel. With the interest of the population about a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables, and the increasing appreciation of native fruits, it was justified the search for more knowledge about Psidium cattleyanum L., a species quite common in domestic orchards and family properties in the Rio Grande do Sul State. The experimental orchard comes from seeds collected from fruits of spontaneous populations collected in the south of Rio Grande do Sul State, and after three years of implantation, 12 genotypes with promising characteristics were selected. The analyzes were made in the 2016/17 production cycle and repeated in the 2017/18 cycle, in the fourth and fifth year of production, respectively. The fruits produced by the selected plants were evaluated, where at first they were evaluated diameter, height and fresh weight, soluble solids contents, titratable acidity and pH; analyzes performed with the fresh fruits. In the first cycle, the fruits of A15 and A36 were superior to the other treatments in relation to the physical-chemical characteristics. In the second cycle, in the month that preceded the harvest, there was a great reduction in the pluviometric volume, which ended up reducing the size and the fresh weight of the fruits. Nevertheless, A36 access remained above average in these assessments. Afterwards, the fruits previously frozen for carotenoid contents, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were evaluated. As occurred in the physical-chemical analyzes, there was a difference between cycles for the phytochemical characteristics due to the reduction of the pluviometric regime. Materials A30, A35 and A06 were higher for the contents of phenolic compounds and carotenoids; however, for antioxidant activity, A06 obtained significantly lower mean. As a complementary evaluation, in the first year it was also chosen to evaluate the useful life of the fruits, subjecting them to UV-C radiation and refrigerated storage for 12 days. It is considered that the accessions should be accompanied by a greater number of cycles, in order to obtain more consistent information about the morphological aspects and the composition of the fruits, since the climatic conditions influenced in their physico-chemical and phytochemical characteristics.

This thesis deals with the problem of searching of structures in large chemical compounds databases. The aim is to design and implement an efficient system that supports two basic types of search, which are identity and substructure search. This task is complicated not only by the large number of entries in databases but also by graph representation of chemical structures, for which many algorithms are hard to solve. The thesis will introduce concepts which will prove useful in solving these problems. A web service is also created as a part of the thesis in order to make the database searching available to the users.

The purpose of this thesis is to perform an analysis of approaches to querying chemical databases and to validate or invalidate its results. Currently, there exists no work which would compare the performance and memory usage of the best performing approaches on the same data set. In this thesis, we address this lack of information and we create an un-biased benchmark of the most popular index building methods for subgraph querying of chemical databases. Also, we compare the results of such benchmark with the performance results of an SQL and a graph database. 1

M.Tech. (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences), Vaal University of Technology. / Phenol, 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) is used in the manufacture of several chemical compounds including other chlorophenols, dyes, dentifrice and pesticides. The usage of these chemicals results in the discharge of 2-CP that is harmful to most biota in the environment. Therefore there is need to remove or degrade 2-CP from the environment, especially in water. This research focused on the synthesis, characterization and application of Ag doped semiconductor (TiO2, ZnO, and ZnS) nanoparticles for the removal of 2-CP from water. Sol-gel and co-precipitation methods were used to synthesize the nanoparticles with different Ag contents (1%, 3% and 5%). Silver metal was used as a doping agent due to its antibacterial activity and ability to improve the photocatalytic activity of the semiconductors for 2-CPdegradation under UV irradiation. Characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Ultra-violet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and photoluminescence spectra (PL) were used to characterize the structural, optical and physical properties of the nanoparticles, while Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to characterize the surface of the nanoparticles. The XRD results confirmed the formation of anatase, wurtzite and blend phases of TiO2, ZnO and ZnS nanoparticles, respectively. The band gaps of the synthesized nanoparticles were 3.42 eV, 3.23 eV and 3.12 eV for TiO2, ZnO and ZnS nanoparticles respectively. The TEM images showed that all synthesized nanoparticles were uniform in shape. Photocatalytic degradation of 2-CP under UV irradiation confirmed that the semiconductor’s photocatalytic activities improved with the addition of Ag ions. The best removal percentage was obtained at doped Ag percentages of 5, 1 and 5 % using TiO2, ZnO and ZnS, respectively. In addition, the effects of various parameters affecting the photocatalytic degradation such as pH, initial concentrations of 2-CP and amount of catalyst (Ag doped TiO2, ZnO and ZnS, respectively) loading were examined and optimized. At the different initial concentrations of 2-CP, namely, 8, 20 and 50 ppm, the highest degradation efficiency was obtained at pH of 10.5 and 5 mg of catalyst dosage. However a decrease in initial concentration of 2-CP showed an increase in the photocatalytic efficiency. The degradation percentage of 2-CP obtained with Ag doped TiO2; ZnO and ZnS nanoparticles were 74.74, 57.8 and 45.49 %, respectively. Doping of these materials with Ag enhanced their photocatalytic activity; thus, they have the potential of degrading phenolic compounds, especially 2-chlorophenol, in water.

Greater understanding and accurate predictions of structural, thermochemical, and spectroscopic properties of chemical compounds is critical for the advancements of not only basic science, but also in applications needed for the growth and health of the U.S. economy. This dissertation includes new ab initio composite approaches to predict accurate energetics of lanthanide-containing compounds including relativistic effects, and optimization of parameters for semi-empirical methods for transition metals. Studies of properties and energetics of chemical compounds through various computational methods are also the focus of this research, including the C-O bond cleavage of dimethyl ether by transition metal ions, the study of thermochemical and structural properties of small silicon containing compounds with the Multi-Reference correlation consistent Composite Approach, the development of a composite method for heavy element systems, spectroscopic of compounds containing noble gases and metals (ArxZn and ArxAg+ where x = 1, 2), and the effects due to Basis Set Superposition Error (BSSE) on these van der Waals complexes.