Seventeen Cree anti-diabetic herbal medicines and eight Traditional Chinese Medicines have been examined for their potential to cause interactions with drugs, which is considered as a major reason for adverse drug effects. Specifically, the effect of these natural health products was examined on major Phase I drug metabolism enzymes including cytochrome P450, human carboxylesterase-1 and flavin-containing monooxygenases. Several of these natural health products have the potential to cause adverse drug effect through the inhibition of major drug metabolism enzymes. The results indicated that 7 Cree medicines plant extracts inhibited CYP3A4 activity, and 3 of them have been proven to cause potent mechanism-based inactivation of CYP3A4. Seven of eight Traditional Chinese Medicines have been identified as strong CYP3A4 inhibitors; the ethanol extract of Goji has identified as a potent inhibitor for CYP2C9 and 2C19. Goji juice showed universal inhibitory effects on most of the tested enzymes except flavin-containing monooxygenases 3.

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Natural bioactive compounds have drawn the interest of many researchers worldwide in their effort to find novel treatments, including prostate cancer (PC) treatment which is estimated to be 13.1% of all new cancer cases in the U.S. in 2021. Many of these bioactive compounds have been identified from treatments in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), that often have multiple bioactive compounds present. However, in vitro studies frequently focus on the compounds in isolation, or in simple combinations of two compounds. We used mixture design response surface methodology (MDRSM) to assess changes in PC cell viability after 48 hours of treatment to identify the optimal mixture of all 35 three-compound combinations of seven bioactive compounds from TCM. We used Berberine, Wogonin, Shikonin, Curcumin, Triptolide, Emodin, and Silybin to treat PC-3, DU145, and LNCaP human PC cells, and a drug-resistant PC-3 cell line. Berberine and Wogonin most frequently contributed to the optimal combination to reduce cell viability in PC-3 and LNCaP cells; DU145 cells more frequently responded best to a single compound.

Title: Physiotherapy of patients with low back pain of viscerovertebral etiology. Objectives: The objective of this study is to verify the significance of inclusion of procedures of a comprehensive therapeutic approach according to Eastern techniques to classical physiotherapy and to find out whether these Eastern techniques can contribute to the enrichment of standard physiotherapy. Another goal is to develop appropriate regimen measures according to TCM and Ayurveda, to create a yoga regimen suitable for patients who have renal and bladder dysfunction according to TCM and whose main common symptom is chronic non-specific low back pain. The study is based upon a comparison of a four-week physiotherapy program according to the physician's indication and a physiotherapy program enriched with compiled regimen measures and yoga exercises in selected probands. Methods: This diploma thesis is an experimental qualitative pilot study. The theoretical part of the thesis was elaborated on the basis of information from book and electronic sources in the Czech and English language in the form of a research. For the practical part two groups of probands were used - experimental and control group. There were 6 probands in each group. The effect of the four-week therapy, which took place twice a week for 60...

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been common practice for many years, and part of the treatment plan of several million patients in the world. This includes areas such as Great Britain, USA, Germany, the Netherlands, Ireland, Switzerland and China. However, its possibilities in the territory of the Czech Republic are limited and insufficiently mapped (the area of practicing TCM for non-medical education practitioners). The thesis analyzes the current situation of doctors and practitioners applying TCM in the territory of the Czech Republic compared to other countries where TCM has been successfully established within the health system for many years. It also aims to find out how doctors and practitioners advocate their focus, what reasons they present for treatment with the TCM and how they deal with the criticism of their colleagues from the West. The work will include findings on why conventional physicians are heading towards Eastern medicine. Due to the debate of the topic, the thesis will continue to deal with the legislative anchoring of TCM in the laws of the Czech Republic and the world. The theoretical part of the thesis presents basic concepts related to the history and philosophy of the TCM. It also describes methods of diagnostics, treatment and pillars that the TCM supports...

Title: Effect of postural-respiratory physiotherapeutic intervention in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Objectives: The aim of the theoretical part of this thesis is to describe the problem and summarize the latest knowledge about gastroesophageal reflux and its current treatment approaches. Based on this theoretical knowledge, in the practical part to create a design and verify the functionality of a comprehensive therapeutic procedure and exercise set aimed at influencing the postural-respiratory function of the diaphragm and viscero- somatic manifestations of reflux disease of the oesophagus. Methods: The theoretical part of the work was processed in the form of literary research, based on information from book and electronic resources in Czech, English and German language. A total of 16 probands with a diagnosis of GERD were included in the research part, which were subsequently divided into two groups of 8 - experimental and control. Both groups were to undergo a series of 8 physiotherapies within one month as indicated by the physician. In addition, a set of yoga asanas and pranayama was added to the daily exercise sets of the experimental group, which were aimed at improving the postural-respiratory ability of the diaphragm, overall coactivation of myofascial chains...

Das Altern ist ein komplexer biologischer Prozess mit vermehrten Zellschäden und altersbedingten Krankheiten. Diese Studie erforscht das Anti-Aging-Potenzial pflanzlicher Extrakte der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin (TCM) anhand des Nematoden Caenorhabditis elegans. Von sieben getesteten Pflanzenextrakten wurden E. ulmoides und C. chinensis ausgewählt, da sie einen Überlebensvorteil in Stresssituationen bei gealterten C. elegans bewirkten. Diese Extrakte verlängerten die Lebensdauer und verbesserten das Überleben nach Hitzestress, oxidativem Stress und pathogenem Stress. Besonders bemerkenswert ist, dass nur der Extrakt von C. chinensis die körperliche Fitness signifikant steigerte, begleitet von Verbesserungen im Kurzzeitgedächtnis und mechanosensorischen Eigenschaften von C. elegans. Zudem unterdrückte dieser Extrakt die Darmautofluoreszenz, einen etablierten Marker für den Alterungsprozess. Chemische Analysen mittels UPLC-MS/MS und transkriptomische Analysen gealterter Würmer, die mit den Extrakten behandelt wurden, zeigten bioaktive Verbindungen, wobei Zingibroside R1 aus C. chinensis die Lebensdauer, das Überleben nach Hitzestress und die Fortbewegung verbesserte. Die transkriptomische Analyse enthüllte eine Immunantwortmodulation bei gealterten Nematoden, die mit C. chinensis behandelt wurden, und eine 150-fache Erhöhung der far-3-Expression, die ein Fettsäure-bindendes Protein kodiert. Interessanterweise zeigte sich, dass C. elegans, die mit dem far-3 RNAi-Stamm und C. chinensis behandelt wurden, keine Verbesserung der Gesundheitsspanne aufwiesen. Zusammenfassend hebt diese Studie die differenzierten Wirkungsweisen der getesteten Pflanzenextrakte hervor. Während E. ulmoides gezielt die physiologische Fitness förderte, erwies sich C. chinensis als umfassender Gesundheitsverlängerer. Die Identifizierung bioaktiver Verbindungen und die Aufdeckung molekularer Mechanismen bieten detaillierte Einblicke in die Anti-Aging-Effekte bei Nematoden. / Aging is one of the most complex biological processes leading to increased cell damage and age-related diseases. In this study, I aimed to uncover the potential anti-aging capacities of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) plant extracts by using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. E. ulmoides and C. chinensis extracts, chosen from seven tested plant extracts, caused a survival advantage during stress in aged C. elegans by extending lifespan and survival after heat, oxidative and pathogenic stress. However, only C. chinensis could enhance physical fitness, short-term memory, and mechanosensory of C. elegans and suppressed intestinal autofluorescence, a marker of aging. Chemical analysis of the C. chinensis and E. ulmoides extracts using UPLC-MS/MS and transcriptomic analysis of aged worms treated with these extracts were applied. UPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of several known bioactive compounds. Three of these identified substances, namely astragalin, pinoresinol, and zingibroside R1, were isolated from the C. chinensis extract, and tested. Zingibroside R1 improved the lifespan, survival after heat stress, and locomotion. The transcriptomic analysis revealed a modulation of the immune response in C. chinensis-treated aged nematodes. The expression of far-3, which encodes a fatty acid binding protein, was increased with a 150-fold-change in C. chinensis treated worms, therefore, a far-3 RNA interference (RNAi) strain was created. C. elegans treated with the far-3 RNAi strain and with C. chinensis did not improve healthspan, thus demonstrating the importance of far-3 expression in C. chinensis benefits. In conclusion, this study underlines the different modes of action of the tested plant extracts. E. ulmoides improved specifically the physiological fitness while C. chinensis seems to be an overall healthspan enhancer. Additionally, it provides insights into the components and molecular mechanisms responsible for these anti-aging effects in nematodes.

In the United States alone, there were 25.8 million people suffering from diabetes in 2010. The prevalence of diabetes is expected to markedly increase worldwide over the next 30 years, an estimated 2.8% in 2000 and 4.4% in 2030. For individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), treatment is essential to control adverse effects such as hypertension and diabetic neuropathy. The focus of this study is to examine various approaches to maintain and improve the lifestyle of individuals suffering from T2DM. A comparative approach has been used to evaluate the differences in the treatment of T2DM with the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine. In Western society, pharmaceuticals are commonly used as a treatment method to manage hyperglycemia, along with life-style modifications. Furthermore, TCM views the human body and its functioning in a holistic way, stating that no single body part or symptom can be understood apart from its relation to a whole. Herbal medications and other treatments in TCM are targeted to treat underlying medical complaints that resulted in symptoms, instead of treating one specific manifestation. Data collection has been gathered through Qualitative over the phone interviews with patients suffering from T2DM, as well as TCM physicians. Interviews were conducted on patients that were diagnosed with T2DM (fasting plasma glucose levels of 126 or greater and HbAlc levels [greater than] 8%), and had continued treatment longer than three months prior to interviews. Collection of chart notes containing glucose levels, levels of pain, lifestyle changes, and vital signs were also used. A total of 21 patients from a family practice were interviewed, answering 23 constructed questions based on treatment of choice (TCM or western) and their personal input on treatment satisfaction. Patients varied in age, ethnicities, and gender, ranging from 39-70 years of age. Two traditional Chinese medicine physicians were also interviewed. Interviews with TCM physicians elaborated on course of treatment and steps taken to diagnose T2DM. Furthermore, prescription medications were also charted and documented to further analyze with secondary data. Upon completing the interviews, the data stated 21 patients (total population questioned) had not experienced alternative medicine and were exposed only to western medicine as treatment. A major concern for most patients were the pharmaceutical side effects, and 85.1% of patients stated they would be interested in an alternative treatment. Due to insufficient sources and knowledge on TCM treatment, 14.2% of patients stated they were satisfied with their western medicine treatment of choice and would not change treatment. The research's objective was to evaluate the differences in treatment of T2DM. Data collected supported the objective and showed the lack of sources to alternative treatments aside from western medicine. The researcher informed and educated interviewees about literature review on traditional Chinese medicine about alternative treatments available to treat T2DM.

本研究在探討中藥產業價值鏈的價值活動中因為：(1)科技的進步；(2)醫療觀念的改變；(3)政府政策及法規的制定；(4)市場需求的擴大等四個外在因素的變動影響而促成中藥產業的新價值鏈形成。 　　在新價值鏈的價值活動切割考量，我們以(1)群聚效應；(2)關鍵因素效應～①不可或缺性；②資金障礙；③技術障礙；(3)蛙跳效應；(4)規模經濟效應等四個價值效應來作為切割的依據。主要的考量是因為價值鏈中的價值程度是因立場不同而有變動的。所以若由整個產業以俯瞰的角度，價值鏈切割應有產業想具有的價值存在才是，因此本研究以這四個效應來做切割依據。 　　新舊價值鏈的分析研究中，我們可以發現由於技術的演進、市場的成熟度、法規限制的破除都尚未有突破的情形下，舊中藥產業價值鏈中的研發一直是被忽略的，有的也是一些零星的基礎研究，而一些次要價值鏈中的價值活動其實是可以突顯的，如保鮮配送及全球行銷也都沒而不顯。直到因外在因素的衝擊下，新價值鏈形成時，這些價值活動也都因環境因素成熟而顯得重要。至此一個完整的新的產業價值鏈形成，使進入者或轉型者也可以在此產業價值鏈中挑取符合本身能耐的價值活動涉入參與。 　　接著本研究以新價值鏈的價值活動作SWOT分析時，本研究得出(1)種源資料庫；(2)藥用植物栽植；(3)飲片炮製；(4)製程及研發為台灣中藥產業可著力切入的價值活動。並以此建議政府及傳統中藥製造廠未來的發展方向。 　　值此關鍵變動之際，希望本研究能給予台灣中藥產業界在轉型或欲往專業分工的路線發展時，能有一個實際有效的參考準則。 / This study tried to find some changes in environment that formed the new value chain in TCM industry. The changes are, 　　1.biotechnological breakthrough, 　　2.change of therapeutic concept, 　　3.settlement of new recognition standard of rules by government, 　　4.increasing market demand. 　　As we segmented the new value chain in TCM industry into several value activities, we considered the following effects : 　　1.cluster effect, 　　2.barrier effect such as indispensable, capital, and technology, 　　3.frog-leap effect, 　　4.economic scale effect. 　　This study also discovered a finding that was neglected by most participants in TCM industry. Some value activities like logistic, global marketing are becoming more and more important in the new TCM value chain. Every participant who knows his own core competence will select the most suitable part of the new TCM value chain to enter. 　　Then, the study applied SWOT analysis to analyze every new TCM value activity in Taiwan. The finding from the SWOT analysis is that there are four new TCM value activities that can be focal development in Taiwan. The four new TCM value activities are, 　　1.date base settlement of TCM species, 　　2.planting and growing ways of TCM herb, 　　3.standard of raw material made for TCM, 　　4.R&D and manufacturing process improvement. 　　Hopefully, the study can give practical suggestions to TCM participants or new entrants in Taiwan in the transition.

Cognitive linguists posit that language as a system of meaning is closely related to cognition and to the associated perceptual and physiological structures of the body. From the cognitive semantic viewpoint, cognitive processes underpin and motivate linguistic phenomena such as categorisation, polysemy, metaphor, metonymy and image schemas. The pedagogical implication of the cognitive semantic perspective is that understanding these cognitive motivations facilitates language learning. This dissertation uses an applied cognitive semantic approach to `make sense' of a traditional knowledge system, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). TCM views human physiology as a holistic and dynamic system that exemplifies the same principles as the cosmos-environment. TCM models result in a categorisation of physiological phenomena based on a complex system of experiential and cosmological correspondences. I suggest that the holistic epistemology of cognitive linguistics is well suited to an understanding of these holistic models. From a pedagogical viewpoint, I argue that an analysis of the cognitive motivations which underpin TCM categorisations and the polysemy of some key TCM terms can help the student make sense of TCM as a meaningful system of thought and practice. Both the theoretical and applied approaches explored in this dissertation should have relevance to other traditional knowledge systems, particularly traditional medical systems. / Linguistics / M.A. (Linguistics)