Este trabalho apresenta um modelo linearizado para ser utilizado em problemas de planejamento da expansão de sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica (SDEE) com geração distribuída (GD), em um horizonte de curto prazo. O ponto de operação em regime permanente é calculado através de um modelo linearizado da rede, sendo as cargas e geradores representados por injeções constantes de corrente, o que torna possível calcular as correntes nos ramos e as tensões nas barras através de expressões lineares. As alternativas de expansão consideradas são: (i) alocação de bancos de capacitores; (ii) alocação de reguladores de tensão; e (iii) recondutoramento. Ainda, o modelo considera a possibilidade de seleção do tap dos transformadores de distribuição como alternativa para a redução das violações de tensão. A flexibilidade do modelo permite obter soluções considerando a contribuição das GDs no controle de tensão e potência reativa sem a necessidade de especificar uma tensão para a barra da subestação. O modelo de otimização proposto para a solução destes problemas utiliza uma função objetivo linear, além de restrições lineares e variáveis contínuas e binárias. Dessa forma, o modelo de otimização pode ser representado como um problema de programação linear inteira mista (PLIM) A função objetivo considera a minimização dos custos de investimento (aquisição, instalação e remoção de equipamentos e aquisição de condutores) e dos custos de operação, que correspondem aos custos anuais de manutenção somados aos custos das perdas de energia e das violações dos limites de tensão. A variação da carga é representada através de curvas de duração, sendo que os custos das perdas e das violações são ponderados pela duração de cada nível de carregamento. Utilizando uma abordagem de PLIM, sabe-se que existem condições suficientes que garantem a otimalidade de uma dada solução factível, além de permitir que a solução seja obtida através de métodos de otimização clássica. O modelo proposto foi implementado na linguagem de programação OPL e resolvido utilizando o solver comercial CPLEX. O modelo foi validado através da comparação dos resultados obtidos para cinco sistemas de distribuição com os resultados obtidos utilizando um fluxo de carga convencional. Os casos analisados e os resultados obtidos demonstram a precisão do modelo proposto e seu potencial de aplicação. / This work presents a linearized model to be used in short-term expansion planning problems of power distribution systems (PDS) with distributed generation (DG). The steady state operation point is calculated through a linearized model of the network, being the loads and generators modeled as constant current injections, which makes it possible to calculate the branch currents and bus voltages through linear expressions. The alternatives considered for expansion are: (i) capacitor banks placement; (ii) voltage regulators placement; and (iii) reconductoring. Furthermore, the model considers the possibility of adjusting the taps of the distribution transformers as an alternative to reduce voltage violations. The flexibility of the model enables solutions that includes the contribution of DGs in the control of voltage and reactive power without the need to specify the substation voltage. The optimization model proposed to solve these problems uses a linear objective function, along with linear constraints, binary and continuous variables. Thus, the optimization model can be represented as a mixed integer linear programming problem (MILP) The objective function considers the minimization of the investment costs (acquisition, installation and removal of equipment and acquisition of conductors) and the operation costs, which corresponds to the annual maintenance cost plus the costs related to energy losses and violation of voltage limits. The load variation is represented by discrete load duration curves and the costs of losses and voltage violations are weighted by the duration of each load level. Using a MILP approach, it is known that there are sufficient conditions that guarantee the optimality of a given feasible solution, besides allowing the solution to be obtained by classical optimization methods. The proposed model was written in the programming language OPL and solved by the commercial solver CPLEX. The model was validated through the comparison of the results obtained for five distribution systems with the results obtained through conventional load flow. The analyzed cases and the obtained results show the accuracy of the proposed model and its potential for application.

The aim of this study was to compare a muldboard ploughs with belt and classic sweepers. To comparison of both machines was plumbed traction resistance, work quality and abrasive sweepers.

Este trabalho é sobre idéia de governo no pensamento político do filósofo moral e do direito, radical político e teórico constitucional inglês Jeremy Bentham (1748- 1832). Após uma breve exposição dos principais temas e questões exploradas, bem como, dos respectivos momentos da sua vida intelectual, argumento a favor de que é possível extrair da crítica política e jurídica de Bentham a Blackstone alguns elementos da sua concepção de governo e visão sobre a política. Argumenta-se a favor de certa convergência entre as posições de Bacon e de Bentham com relação aos projetos de reforma penal, concepção de governo, métodos de investigação e ontologia da política. Também, é explorada a sugestão de que tal convergência pode ser explicada em virtude dos princípios filosóficos similares adotados por ambos. A principal conclusão é a de que a linha de interpretação discutida pode fornecer uma melhor compreensão sobre as conexões entre a variedade de assuntos explorados nos escritos jurídicos-políticos de Bentham. / This work is about the idea of the government in the political thought of the English utilitarian moral and legal philosopher, political radical and constitutional theorist Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832). After a brief exposition of the main themes and questions explored by him and the respective moments of his intellectual life, give evidence it is possible to extract from Bentham´s political and juridical criticism to the Blackstone some elements of his government conception and vision about politics. It is argued in favor of some convergence between Bacon´s and Bentham´s positions concerning legal reform projects, government conception, investigation methods, and political ontology; also, the suggestion that it can be explained by their similar philosophical principles is explored. The main conclusion is that the line of the interpretation discussed can provide a better understanding about the connections among the variety of the issues concerning the government theme explored in the Bentham´s juridical-political works.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:56:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Odete_tasca.pdf: 1034676 bytes, checksum: 3f0a97aa63b7eba17e118ca90565f20b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / ABSTRACT: This article presents an analysis of the trilogy The Mill on the Po (1957), by Riccardo Bacchelli, a piece of work that portrays the complex story of a family of millers, which is seen in three successive generations. The novels include events of a whole century of history: from the period of Napoleon s defeat in Russia (1812) until the First World War (1918), and it depicts the banditry and the first social conflicts that occurred in the context of the struggle for Resurgence and Unification of Italy. In the perspective of the comparative studies and based upon reflections of writers such as Coutinho and Carvalhal (1994), Georg Lukacs (2011), Celia Fernández Prieto (2003), among others, a confrontation between the three novels that form the Bacchellian trilogy is established to compare the discourse of fiction with the discourse of History. This is done to acknowledge how the History of Italy dialogues with the fiction presented in the novel. It is also the objective of this research,through the use of some specific fragments of the novel, to analyze the poetic literary discourse in the rereading of the story, making sure the way the first one fictionalizes the official story and toshow how the popular masses begin to realize that they are the engine history. About the history of Italy s constitution, the novel also portrays the search for a national identity in this context. We notice, therefore, how Bacchelli s writing poeticizes the History through the use of a polysemic and metaphorical language, emphasizing also the question of religious discourse, making the reader notice, beyond the historical episode, a religious vision in the narrative, originated from popular traditions and legends. After some analysis of the characters relationship through life adversities, it is possible to comprehend that the human beings in Bacchelli s vision are temporal and historical beings. They are subjects of the flow of History and its irresistible force, but at the same time, through the matter that the History offers them, they have to build up their lives and confront their eternal destiny, for what they are also responsible. There is, consequently, a representation of human life in Bacchelli s writing between the material events of the human existence and the direction that is set beyond History / RESUMO: Este trabalho apresenta uma leitura da trilogia Il mulino del Po (1957), de Riccardo Bacchelli, obra que retrata a complexa história de uma família de moleiros, vista em três gerações sucessivas, abrangendo um século de história: o período que vai desde a derrota de Napoleão na Rússia (1812) até a Primeira Guerra Mundial (1918). Retrata o banditismo e os primeiros conflitos sociais que se deram no contexto da luta pelo Ressurgimento e Unificação da Itália. Na perspectiva dos estudos comparados, a partir das reflexões de Coutinho e Carvalhal (1994), Georg Lukács (2011), Celia Fernández Prieto (2003), entre outros, estabelecese um confronto entre os três romances que compõem a trilogia bacchelliana, a fim de comparar o discurso da ficção com o discurso da história, para verificar como a história da Itália dialoga com a ficção no romance. É objetivo também dessa pesquisa, a partir de fragmentos do romance, analisar a poeticidade do discurso literário na releitura da história, verificando de que modo aquele ficcionaliza a história oficial e mostra como as massas populares começam a se dar conta de que elas são o motor da história. Ao tratar da história da constituição da Itália, a obra também retrata a busca por uma identidade nacional neste contexto. Percebese, portanto, que Bacchelli trata os eventos históricos a partir de uma linguagem polissêmica e metafórica, dando ênfase também à questão do discurso religioso, fazendo com que o leitor perceba, além do episódio histórico, uma visão religiosa na narrativa, originada de tradições e lendas populares. Após algumas análises sobre a relação das personagens com as adversidades da vida, percebese que os seres humanos, na visão de Bacchelli, como seres temporais e históricos, estão sujeitos ao fluxo da história e à sua força irresistível, mas ao mesmo tempo, por meio da matéria que a história lhes oferece, eles têm que construir suas vidas e confrontarse com seus destinos eternos, dos quais também são responsáveis. Temse, portanto, uma representação da vida humana entre os acontecimentos materiais da existência e o sentido que se coloca para além da história.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-07-05T17:51:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marinaleitegoncalves.pdf: 6947050 bytes, checksum: 940473d329e598d37a0d1ed97ca9202a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-08T14:43:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marinaleitegoncalves.pdf: 6947050 bytes, checksum: 940473d329e598d37a0d1ed97ca9202a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T14:43:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marinaleitegoncalves.pdf: 6947050 bytes, checksum: 940473d329e598d37a0d1ed97ca9202a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-26 / A tese, inspirada nos pressupostos da cultura da convergência, que apaga as fronteiras entre novas e velhas mídias, arte e entretenimento, entretenimento e educação, cultura oficial e subcultura, busca investigar a emergência das práticas textuais do meio online em diálogo com o clássico machadiano. A travessia da literatura de Machado para as plataformas da Web 2.0. aponta para o desafio do leitor atual ter acesso a ela em várias encarnações midiáticas, que fogem aos modelos anteriores de adaptação. Dessa forma, nosso foco de análise recai sobre formas menos tradicionais de releituras do texto literário (twitterfiction, fanfiction, websérie, telessérie, simulação de facebook, desenhos de animação). Nossa hipótese de trabalho se pauta em que o efeito das mídias e os gêneros da cultura digital configuram novas interfaces para a adaptação do literário e para as práticas docentes da literatura no momento atual. Este trabalho une, assim, perspectivas crítico/teóricas para os estudos da adaptação, no cenário da convergência midiática, relacionadas às possibilidades que o meio digital, suas tecnologias, bem como a cultura participativa que nele se constitui, oferecem para as práticas dos múltiplos letramentos – literário e digital – no ciberespaço. / This doctoral dissertation, inspired by the assumptions of converge culture which blurs the frontiers between new and old media, art and entertainment, entertainment and education, high and low culture, aims at investigating the emergence of online textual interventions related to the Machadian classic. The dislocation of Machado’s literature to the platforms of Web 2.0 signals for the current reader’s challenge to have access to this output under various mediatic circunstances which keep certain distance from previous models of adaptation. Therefore, the focus of our analysis lies upon less traditional rereadings of the literary text (twitterfiction, fanfiction, web series, tv series, facebook simulation, animated cartoons). Our hypothesis is based on the power of the media and the digital culture genres to configure new interfaces for the literary adaptation as well as the literature teaching practices in the present time. Thus, this work unites critical/theoretical perspectives for the studies of adaptation in the context of media convergence related to the possibilities that the digital space, its technologies and the participative culture from which it emerges, offer for the multiple literacy procedures – literary and digital – in cyberspace.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:32:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_neida_lucia_conrad.pdf: 1248896 bytes, checksum: effbf3a6777d64f323ea5206861ef2dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-12 / The infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute and highly contagious disease caused by a coronavirus that infects mainly cells of the respiratory and genitourinary of chicken. The economic importance of this disease results from decreased production, such as internal and external quality of eggs, reduced hatchability, feed efficiency and weight gain, increased mortality, condemnation of carcasses at slaughter, and also with drugs spending to suppress secondary bacterial infections. The diagnosis of IB is based on virus isolation, together with serology. The use of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) has been collaborated to diagnosis of this type of disease, but their use are still limited because the MAbs used are imported, increasing the cost of such methodologies. This work reports the production, characterization and application of MAbs against the virus of infectious bronchitis (IBV). For the production of MAbs, Balb/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with classic IBV (M41) or variant IBV. We generated two hybridomas secreting MAbs anti-IBV (IgM isotype) from the fusion of B-lymphocytes from a mouse immunized with the variant IBV and myeloma cells. Following the characterization by ELISA and Western blot, it was observed that MAbs recognize the IBV classic and variant, showing more intense reactions with IBV variant. The AcM 2 G4 seems to be specific for protein S1. The applicability of the MAbs was assessed using the immunohistochemistry technique on histological tissues of birds inoculated experimentally with classic IBV. These MAbs anti-IBV had the same pattern of label of the MAb used as positive control, labeling predominantly inflammatory cells. This result can be explained by the fact that in severe cases of infection with IBV, the antigen may be located also in inflammatory cells. It was concluded that the MAbs obtained have potential for use in immunodiagnostic for IB. / A bronquite infecciosa das galinhas (BI) é uma doença aguda, altamente contagiosa, causada por um Coronavírus que infecta principalmente células dos aparelhos respiratório e genito-urinário das galinhas. A importância econômica dessa doença decorre da diminuição na produção e qualidade interna e externa dos ovos, da redução da eclodibilidade, da diminuição da eficiência alimentar e do ganho de peso e do aumento da mortalidade e da condenação de carcaças ao abate, além dos gastos com medicamentos para debelar infecções bacterianas secundárias. A confirmação do diagnóstico de BI é baseada no isolamento viral, em conjunto com a sorologia. O uso de anticorpos monoclonais (AcMs) tem colaborado e facilitado o diagnóstico desse tipo de enfermidade, porém seu uso ainda é limitado, pois os AcMs utilizados são importados, elevando o custo de tais metodologias. Este trabalho relata a produção, caracterização e aplicação de AcMs contra o vírus da bronquite infecciosa das galinhas (VBI). Para a produção dos AcMs, camundongos Balb/c foram imunizados intraperitonealmente com o VBI clássico (M41) local ou com o variante. Foram gerados dois hibridomas secretores de AcMs anti-VBI do isotipo IgM a partir da fusão entre os linfócitos B de um camundongo imunizado com o VBI variante e células de mieloma. Foi observado, na caracterização por ELISA indireto e Western blot, que os AcMs reconhecem o VBI clássico e variante, sendo as reações com o VBI variante mais intensas. O AcM 2G4 parece ser específico para a proteína S1. A aplicabilidade dos AcMs foi avaliada através da técnica de imuno-histoquímica em tecidos de aves inoculadas experimentalmente com o VBI clássico. Os AcMs anti-VBI apresentaram o mesmo padrão de marcação que o AcM utilizado como controle positivo, ou seja, marcaram predominantemente células inflamatórias. Este resultado pode ser explicado pelo fato de que, em casos mais severos da infecção por VBI, o antígeno pode ser localizado também em células inflamatórias. Concluiu-se que os AcMs obtidos apresentam potencial para uso no imunodiagnóstico para BI.

Dès les débuts de l’archéologie préhispanique, au XIXe siècle, le temple maya sous sa forme commune de pyramide est devenu la figure de proue d’une discipline qui s’est construite dans un contexte intellectuel bien particulier. Entre la redécouverte du patrimoine archéologique italien et égyptien et l’esprit romantique des premiers explorateurs, les constructions mayas perdues dans la végétation du Yucatán et du Petén ont su enflammer l’imagination. L’étude du monde méso-américain a donc pris naissance dans le creuset de l’évolutionnisme européen et de la tradition chrétienne, dès la Conquête espagnole, au XVIe siècle. En réalité, la pensée cosmographique maya, née du fonds culturel méso-américain formé à l’époque olmèque, est beaucoup plus complexe, et l’on ne peut se contenter d’interprétations consensuelles. Le temple maya, réitération du macrocosme, est l’une des expressions spécifiques d’une conception de l’univers qui se manifeste au travers d’un véritable discours d’imbrication et de démultiplication interne de signes. Fondée sur l’examen précis et systématique d’un vaste corpus de sites des Basses Terres de la péninsule yucatèque et du Petén, datés du IIIe au Xe siècle (époque III ou Classique), cette étude use de la sémiologie comme outil d’analyse de l’organisation spatiale des centres urbains mayas. Elle se propose d’apporter une nouvelle lecture du processus intellectuel et matériel de construction, afin de révéler l’ensemble de la sémantique formulée par le temple et l’architecture rituelle et sacrificielle mayas. / From the beginning of pre-Hispanic archaeology, in the end of the 19th century, the Maya temple as a pyramid has become the figurehead of a discipline built in a very specific intellectual context. Between the rediscovery of the Italian and Egyptian archaeological heritage and the Romantic spirit of the early explorers, Maya buildings lost in the forest of Yucatán and Petén were able to fire the imagination. The study of the Mesoamerican world has thus been formed based on European evolutionism and Christian tradition, starting from the Spanish Conquest in the 16th century. Actually, the Mayas’ cosmographic thought, born of the Mesoamerican cultural unit – first formed by the Olmecs – is so much more complex that we can not just settle for consensual explanations. Not only is the Maya temple a reiteration of the macrocosm, but also a particuliar expression of their conception of the universe which is a true speech made of internal multiplication and interweaving signs. Built on a systematic and accurate observation of a huge site corpus of the Lowlands of the Yucatecan peninsula and Petén (3rd to 10th century, Classic period), this study uses semiology as a real tool for analysing the spatial organization of Maya cities. Its aim is to provide a new understanding of both the intellectual and material construction process, in order to reveal the whole semantics behind the temple and the Maya ritual and sacrificial architecture.

Éclipsé par le boom latino-américain dans les années 1960, entre autres à cause d’un certain conservatisme formel, l’écrivain péruvien Julio Ramón Ribeyro (1929-1994) fait partie de ceux qui sont restés en marge de ce phénomène commercial alors que dans son pays d’origine il bénéficie actuellement d’une aura paradigmatique. Nous nous proposons d’analyser ce paradoxe à la lumière du classique en tant que levier conceptuel susceptible de produire une compréhension totalisante et organique aussi bien de la poétique que du destin historique de l’œuvre de Ribeyro. En effet, l’objet de cette thèse est d’étudier, d’abord, les dits et écrits de Ribeyro autour de l’œuvre fictionnelle (journal intime, correspondance, articles, entretiens) qui attestent d’une réflexion sur la possibilité d’une littérature perdurable. Cette pensée articule une dialectique personnelle qui s’achemine de l’avant-garde vers l’arrière-garde au rythme de son rapport fluctuant avec la modernité littéraire. Puis, dans la mesure où le statut classique implique aussi une reconnaissance par des instances de canonisation, nous analysons les supports, les intervenants et les institutions qui ont conditionné sa réception mitigée dans le canon latino-américain ou bien qui ont consolidé sa classicité au Pérou. À cet égard, dans la lignée des études sociocritiques, nous accordons une place de choix aux acteurs officiels (l’État, l’école) et officieux (la critique, les artistes) qui ont contribué ou pas à modeler son image canonique. Finalement, en nous intéressant aux implications idéologiques et ontologiques du classique, nous abordons le rapport individuel et fictionnel de Ribeyro à la tradition comme un héritage social et symbolique qu’il se doit de préserver. / Overshadowed by the Latin American Boom in the 1960s —due to a certain formal conservatism among other reasons— the Peruvian writer Julio Ramón Ribeyro (1929-1994) features among those who remained on the margins of this commercial phenomenon, while in his home country he now enjoys a paradigmatic status. In this thesis we aim to analyze the above paradox in the light of the concept of the classic as a tool enabling to produce a totalizing and organic understanding of both the poetic and the historical outcome of Ribeyro’s work. We propose in first place to review the author’s statements and writings that are peripheral to his fictional work (diaries, correspondence, articles, interviews), which attest to a reflection on the possibility of an everlasting literature. This thinking articulates a personal dialectic that shifts from the avant-garde towards the rearguard, to the rhythm of his fluctuating relationship with literary modernity. In second place, since the classic status implies recognition by the canonization entities, we analyze the array of media, stakeholders and institutions that have conditioned his lukewarm reception in the Latin American canon or that have consolidated his classicity in Peru. Thus, within the scope of sociocritical studies, we give pride of place to the official (government, school) and unofficial stakeholders (critics, artists) who helped or not to shape his canonical image. Finally, by focusing on the ideological and ontological implications of the classic, we address Ribeyro’s personal and fictional interplay with tradition as a social and symbolic heritage that he is compelled to preserve.

Lorsqu’un travail critique se propose d’étudier la présence du latin et de la culture classique chez des écrivains contemporains, c’est à la notion d’héritage que l’on pense tout d’abord. Mais cette notion d’héritage pose problème. Elle doit être considérée avec prudence, comme un possible leurre, même si elle est avérée dans les œuvres de nos trois auteurs, de par certains phénomènes formels itératifs, citations latines, ainsi que la transposition de textes antiques. S’il est donc évident que lesdites œuvres affichent une apparente continuité à la fois au niveau formel et au niveau des contenus de culture, l’Antiquité latine réinvestie perd son statut particulier : elle n’est ni objet du texte, ni voix de l’autorité, ni preuve d’érudition (même si elle feint de l’être), ni trésor d’outils rhétoriques qui favorise la séduction : au contraire, elle est un piège posé au lecteur qui fait trop confiance à sa culture. Le réinvestissement de la culture et des textes antiques que nos trois auteurs pratiquent s’approche dangereusement tantôt du stéréotype, du lieu commun, tantôt d’une réutilisation complètement personnelle de la culture antique. Le latin s’avère ou bien un produit de leur imagination d’écrivain (et en tant que tel il n’est pas tout à fait identifiable à la langue morte que nous connaissons), ou bien il fait partie de la productivité textuelle de l’écriture et passe du statut de texte à celui de matériau réutilisable. Le rapport qu’entretiennent Claude Simon, Pascal Quignard et Jean Sorrente avec le latin relève donc du paradoxe : ils réinventent, voire réécrivent l’Antiquité. / When a critic’s work intends to focus on the presence of Latin and classic culture in the work of contemporary writers, one thinks foremost of the notion of heritage. But it is this notion of heritage that poses a problem. One has to approach it in a very prudent way, as if it would be a lure, even though it is attested in the works of our three authors, through the use of recurrent formal parallels, Latin quotations, and the transposition and rewriting of ancient texts. Indeed, though it is evident that these works show an apparent continuity both in form and in cultural content, the reinvested Latin Antiquity looses its particular status: it is neither object of the text, nor voice of the authority, nor proof of erudition (although it sometimes pretends to be), nor treasure box of rhetorical tools that help seducing the reader: on the contrary, it is a trap for the reader who places his trust solely in his cultural knowledge. The reinvestment that our three authors apply to the Latin text and culture gets dangerously close either to the stereotype, the commonplace, either to a completely personal reuse of antique culture. Latin is thus either a product of their artistic imagination (and as such cannot be totally identified with the dead language that we know), either part of the textual productivity of their writing, which means that it must be considered as a reusable material rather than an autonomous text. The bond that ties Claude Simon’s, Pascal Quignard’s and Jean Sorrente’s works to the Latin is thus paradoxical in nature: what they do is reinventing, or rather rewriting Antiquity.

The dissertation called Economic and Psychological Aspects of a Consumer's Behaviour and Decision-Making is dedicated to a consumer's behaviour and decision-making in economic and financial issues from the perspective of classic economy, psychology and behavioural economy. The theoretical part describes the expected utility theory and psychological findings on one hand, and presents the so called Prospect Theory and systematic biases on the other hand. The practical part comprises a research. Mission of the questionnaire survey is to find out whether behaviour and decision-making are rational and correspond with the classic economy theory or whether consumers behave irrationally and verify presumptions of behavioural economy.