Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:58:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RAIMUNDO DE SOUZA MARTINS NETO.pdf: 2924133 bytes, checksum: bd86d8e26a6a645a20f5228daea2e5f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-16 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This work has the purpose of establishing how far it is possible to develop the high school students skills concerning the power and the ability of using the rules of classical logic through activities that mobilize thoughts, using the logical connective: negation, conjunction, disjunction, implication, biconditional and quantitative. The logical reasoning, regarding the origin, use and development, are analyzed and interpreted in the light of the theoreticians Piaget and Vygotsky. The activities were prepared based and on adapted the structure offered by the applet, and applied to students from the second year of high school, during seven meetings. The development, the implementation and analysis met the methodology of teaching engineering, making, firstly, a prior analysis, implementation and, also, a subsequent analysis. The application and the subsequent analysis confirmed our predictions indicating difficulty student s with the use of logical connective, however they showed that the activities have promoted an imbalance between what student has knowledge these of connectives and how he uses them in context and in the classic logic context. It shows that is possible to work classic logic in the high school level / Este trabalho tem por objetivo estabelecer em que medida é possível desenvolver em alunos do ensino médio o domínio e a habilidade na utilização de regras da lógica clássica através de atividades que mobilizem raciocínios utilizando-se dos conectivos lógicos: negação, conjunção, disjunção, implicação, bicondicional e quantificadores. Os raciocínios lógicos, em relação à origem, uso e desenvolvimento, são analisados e interpretados à luz dos teóricos Piaget e Vigotsky. As atividades foram elaboradas e adaptadas de uma estrutura oferecida por um applet, aplicadas em alunos do 2º ano do ensino médio, totalizando sete encontros. O desenvolvimento, aplicação e análise das atividades respeitaram a metodologia da engenharia didática, fazendo-se análise a priori, aplicação e análise a posteriori. A aplicação e análises a posteriori confirmaram nossas previsões, indicando dificuldades dos alunos quanto ao uso dos conectivos lógicos, porém mostrou que as atividades promoveram um desequilíbrio entre o que o aluno sabe sobre estes conectivos e como ele os utiliza no contexto comum e no contexto da lógica clássica. O que valida também nosso trabalho é a possibilidade de se trabalhar lógica clássica no ensino médio

O bacon é um produto cárneo defumado que pode ser produzido através da defumação natural ou aplicação de fumaça líquida. Atualmente cerca de 4,3% das madeiras produzidas no Brasil é destinada à indústria. No entanto, o processo de defumação natural de produtos cárneos não tem sido empregado com frequência pelas indústrias, por ser mais demorado em comparação ao uso de fumaça líquida e por ser uma alternativa de segurança que evita a presença de compostos tóxicos no produto. Com isto, se torna importante estudar a aplicação de madeiras de reflorestamento na defumação de bacon e como este aspecto pode influenciar na resposta sensorial do consumidor frente ao produto, através da aplicação de um novo método de análise realizado com consumidores, a dominância temporal de sensações. No primeiro capítulo desta dissertação é apresentada uma revisão bibliográfica relatando os métodos de analise sensorial de alimentos que podem ser aplicados para o estudo das propriedades sensoriais de carnes e produtos cárneos. Já no segundo capítulo foi utilizada a dominância temporal de sensações para estudar as propriedades sensoriais dinâmicas de bacon defumado com seis tipos de madeira de reflorestamento e uma amostra produzida com aspersão de fumaça líquida. Os atributos dominantes foram crocante, seguido de defumado. Além disso, uma descrição detalhada da trajetória percorrida pelas amostras durante a avaliação foi obtida, resultando no sucesso da aplicação deste método para caracterização e também compreensão da percepção do consumidor no decorrer da análise. Os métodos clássicos de análise sensorial e as novas metodologias rápidas tem se destacado como ferramentas de aplicação em estudos científicos e na indústria de alimentos, sendo capazes de fornecer novas perspectivas, buscando atender as demandas de mercado, ouno desenvolvimento de produtos, buscando repostas rápidas e eficazes com menor investimento financeiro. / Bacon is a smoked meat product that can be produced with natural smoke or with the application of liquid smoke. Currently, almost 4,3% of the wood produced in Brazil goes to the industry. However, the natural smoking process of meat products has not been frequently employed by the industry because it is more time-consuming compared to the use of liquid smoke and its an alternative more safe avoiding toxic compounds in the product. Due to this, it is important to study the application of reforestation woods in the bacon smoking process and how this can influence the sensory response of the consumer to the product trought the application of a new rapid method of analysis with consumers, the temporal dominance of sensations. On the first chapter of this master\'s thesis, a literature review reporting the methods of sensory analysis of foods that can be applied to the study of the sensory properties of meat and meat products is presented. In the second chapter, the temporal dominance of sensations was used to study the dynamic sensory properties of bacon smoked with six types of reforested woods and a sample produced with liquid smoke immersion. The dominant attribute was crispy, followed by smoked. In addition, a detailed description of the trajectory crossed by the bacon samples during the evaluation was obtained, resulting in the successful application of this method for characterization and comprehension of consumer\'s perception along the time of the analysis. The classical methods and the rapid and new methodologies of sensory analysis have been highlighted as important tools for application in scientific studies and in the food industry, being able to provide new perspectives, seeking to meet a market demand, or in product development, searching to quick and effective responses with lower financial investment.

O bacon é um produto cárneo defumado que pode ser produzido através da defumação natural ou aplicação de fumaça líquida. Atualmente cerca de 4,3% das madeiras produzidas no Brasil é destinada à indústria. No entanto, o processo de defumação natural de produtos cárneos não tem sido empregado com frequência pelas indústrias, por ser mais demorado em comparação ao uso de fumaça líquida e por ser uma alternativa de segurança que evita a presença de compostos tóxicos no produto. Com isto, se torna importante estudar a aplicação de madeiras de reflorestamento na defumação de bacon e como este aspecto pode influenciar na resposta sensorial do consumidor frente ao produto, através da aplicação de um novo método de análise realizado com consumidores, a dominância temporal de sensações. No primeiro capítulo desta dissertação é apresentada uma revisão bibliográfica relatando os métodos de analise sensorial de alimentos que podem ser aplicados para o estudo das propriedades sensoriais de carnes e produtos cárneos. Já no segundo capítulo foi utilizada a dominância temporal de sensações para estudar as propriedades sensoriais dinâmicas de bacon defumado com seis tipos de madeira de reflorestamento e uma amostra produzida com aspersão de fumaça líquida. Os atributos dominantes foram crocante, seguido de defumado. Além disso, uma descrição detalhada da trajetória percorrida pelas amostras durante a avaliação foi obtida, resultando no sucesso da aplicação deste método para caracterização e também compreensão da percepção do consumidor no decorrer da análise. Os métodos clássicos de análise sensorial e as novas metodologias rápidas tem se destacado como ferramentas de aplicação em estudos científicos e na indústria de alimentos, sendo capazes de fornecer novas perspectivas, buscando atender as demandas de mercado, ouno desenvolvimento de produtos, buscando repostas rápidas e eficazes com menor investimento financeiro. / Bacon is a smoked meat product that can be produced with natural smoke or with the application of liquid smoke. Currently, almost 4,3% of the wood produced in Brazil goes to the industry. However, the natural smoking process of meat products has not been frequently employed by the industry because it is more time-consuming compared to the use of liquid smoke and its an alternative more safe avoiding toxic compounds in the product. Due to this, it is important to study the application of reforestation woods in the bacon smoking process and how this can influence the sensory response of the consumer to the product trought the application of a new rapid method of analysis with consumers, the temporal dominance of sensations. On the first chapter of this master\'s thesis, a literature review reporting the methods of sensory analysis of foods that can be applied to the study of the sensory properties of meat and meat products is presented. In the second chapter, the temporal dominance of sensations was used to study the dynamic sensory properties of bacon smoked with six types of reforested woods and a sample produced with liquid smoke immersion. The dominant attribute was crispy, followed by smoked. In addition, a detailed description of the trajectory crossed by the bacon samples during the evaluation was obtained, resulting in the successful application of this method for characterization and comprehension of consumer\'s perception along the time of the analysis. The classical methods and the rapid and new methodologies of sensory analysis have been highlighted as important tools for application in scientific studies and in the food industry, being able to provide new perspectives, seeking to meet a market demand, or in product development, searching to quick and effective responses with lower financial investment.

La crise économique de 2008 a secoué l’économie mondiale en laissant des séquelles dans divers secteurs, notamment dans celui de la banque dont le mode de fonctionnement et le rôle d’intermédiation ont montré leurs limites. La pratique de l’intérêt et la mise en œuvre du mécanisme de la spéculation ont été à l’origine de ces crises contemporaines. Face à cet événement des économistes, des politiques, voire même des banquiers, se sont levés pour trouver une issue à cette turbulence financière. Les premiers rapports et travaux rendus ont été presque tous orientés vers une problématique commune, les uns proposent une finance alternative à la finance conventionnelle et d’autres plaident pour une finance plus éthique. Les solutions suggérées recoupent les principes de la finance islamique. Cette dernière fonctionne en conformité avec les règles de la loi islamique : l’interdiction du riba, de la spéculation, ou encore l’application du principe de partage des profits et des pertes, alternative au riba dans le système islamique. Si du point de vue économique l’intégration de l’industrie islamique dans le système financier français ne pose pas de souci, tel ne semble pas être le cas au regard des règles juridiques qui gouvernent l’organisation et le fonctionnement des banques en France et celles qui régissent le droit des contrats. C’est pour cette raison, qu’il est nécessaire de voir si la banque islamique remplit toutes les conditions requises pour être érigée au rang d’une banque au sens des dispositions du Code monétaire et financier, autrement dit l’intérêt est-il une condition nécessaire pour une opération de crédit, permettant par la même occasion de qualifier une institution de banque ? Ces interrogations ne se limitent pas seulement sur le plan organisationnel, elles s’étendent aussi au fonctionnement de cette banque, car leur régime juridique et la qualification des produits utilisés dans ces banques islamiques méritent un examen judicieux afin d’en déduire le droit applicable en cas de contentieux. Notre thèse se propose d’apporter des solutions à ces interrogations ou, à tout le moins, d’essayer de trouver des voies pour faciliter l’accueil et l’intégration de ces banques en France. / The economic crisis of 2008 shook the worldwide economy by leaving after-effects in various sectors, in particular in that of the bank where its operating process and its role of intermediation showed their limits. The practice of the interest and the placement of the mechanism of the speculation were at the origin of these contemporary crises. The first returned reports and work all were almost directed towards common problems, the ones propose an alternative finance with conventional finance and others plead for a more ethical finance. These suggested solutions recut with the principles of Islamic finance. The latter functions in accordance with the rules of the Islamic law: the prohibition of the riba, the speculation and the application of the principle of division of the profits and the losses, the alternate one of the riba in the Islamic system. So from an economic standpoint the integration of Islamic industry in the French financial system does not pose a concern such does not seem to be the case taking into consideration those and legal rule which controls the organization and the operation of the banks in France which governs the contract law. It is the interest for this reason, that is it is necessary to see whether the Islamic bank meets all the requirements to be set up with the row of a bank within the meaning of the provisions of the monetary and financial Code, in other words a requirement for an operation of credit and allowing by the same occasion to qualify an institution of bank? These interrogations are not limited only on the organisational level, they also extend on operation from this bank, because their legal mode and the qualification of the products used in these Islamic banks deserves a judicious examination in order to deduce the applicable duty in the event of dispute from it. Our thesis is harnessed to bring solutions to these interrogations or at least to try to find ways to facilitate the reception and the integration of these banks in France.

<p>This essay in economic geography describes what intra-firm trade as a concept is and different ways to determine in which cases trade is to be labeled as intra-firm trade (IFT) or not. The method used by the author is most easily described as descriptive. This method was chosen in order to test if existing theories; classic and neoclassic economics, new trade theory and international business studies, are capable to explain the phenomena of IFT. The theories are tested trough primary and secondary literature but also trough reasoning by the author.</p><p>The conclusion is that the most reasonable way to determine whether trade occurs intra-firm or not, is to decide upon a 5-% rule where it when one part owns 5-% of the voting strength in the other company is to be considered intra-firm trade. This is a conclusion based on several reasons; the strongest one being that a common view on IFT could boost comparative studies as the U.S already collects data based on the 5-% rule.</p><p>Classic and neoclassic economics are incapable of explaining IFT as aprerequisite for these theories is that markets are perfect. IFT can only beexplained by models building on imperfect markets hence new trade theory and international business are more successful in explaining IFT.</p>

This essay in economic geography describes what intra-firm trade as a concept is and different ways to determine in which cases trade is to be labeled as intra-firm trade (IFT) or not. The method used by the author is most easily described as descriptive. This method was chosen in order to test if existing theories; classic and neoclassic economics, new trade theory and international business studies, are capable to explain the phenomena of IFT. The theories are tested trough primary and secondary literature but also trough reasoning by the author. The conclusion is that the most reasonable way to determine whether trade occurs intra-firm or not, is to decide upon a 5-% rule where it when one part owns 5-% of the voting strength in the other company is to be considered intra-firm trade. This is a conclusion based on several reasons; the strongest one being that a common view on IFT could boost comparative studies as the U.S already collects data based on the 5-% rule. Classic and neoclassic economics are incapable of explaining IFT as aprerequisite for these theories is that markets are perfect. IFT can only beexplained by models building on imperfect markets hence new trade theory and international business are more successful in explaining IFT.

La tesi si concentra sull'analisi interpretativa e sul confronto culturale tra diverse riprese di un dramma antico sulla scena moderna. L'opera classica scelta è Troiane nella versione euripidea, soggetta a una notevole ripresa d'interesse da parte di registi e drammaturghi nel XX e XXI secolo. Si è inteso concentrare l'attenzione sui più significativi spettacoli e drammaturgie contemporanei (quindi apparsi sulle scene mondiali e, in particolare, italiane del secondo dopoguerra) che tematizzino a diversi livelli la questione del disagio, della violenza e delle forme dell'esclusione e dell'esodo dovuti a uno scontro fra culture antagoniste. Volutamente, sono stati studiati spettacoli poco noti alla critica e al grande pubblico. Il metodo di lavoro seguito è stato adattato alle caratteristiche di ogni allestimento e alla particolarità delle fonti. Infine, ho fornito una valutazione critica della riuscita artistica degli spettacoli e ho confrontato le diverse traduzioni impiegate dai registi. / The thesis deals with an interpretation and a cultural comparison among many different contemporary plays based on classic drama. In particular, I examined Trojan Women by Euripides, a tragedy that today is often present on the stage. The thesis presents an account on the most important present-day shows and writings from Italy and other countries about loneliness, violence and exile due to fights between different cultures. On purpose, I studied not generally known shows and plays. The study method has been adapted to every show features and to its evidences. Finally, I valued how and if a show succeeded and made a comparison among different translations of Euripides' trojan women.

Il termine Classico ha accumulato molte valenze; certamente moltissimi studiosi hanno affrontato la questione, ma si è rivelata opportuna una revisione del tema. La risposta alla domanda "Che cosa è un classico?" è cercata attraverso un'analisi terminologica che indaghi la nascita della categoria e del termine e le diverse accezioni di questo. Segue un'indagine cronologica dei contributi letterari alla questione nel corso della storia della cultura occidentale Il Classico, classificato come "di fondazione" o "di consolidamento", emerge come summa delle categorie di Bello, Buono, Vero e Uno. Ha inoltre delle limitazioni in termini di tempo, genere e grado. La più importante implicazione di questa tesi riguarda la responsabilità del mondo delle lettere nella conservazione o nella trasformazione della civiltà e cultura occidentale al contatto con altre civiltà o all'emergere degli effetti della globalizzazione. / The term Classic has accumulated different meanings. Surely many scholars have tackled over this matter, and yet it is right to review this notion. I have tried to answer the question “what is a Classic?” by analyzing the term and by tracing it back to its birth and uses over the centuries. Then I have also made inquires about the literary contributions to the debate in the history of western culture. Classified as the “foundation” and the “canonization”, the Classic emerges as the “summa” of the categories of the Beautiful, the Good, the True and the Sole. Furthermore this notion is limited in terms of time, literary genre and degree. The most important implication of my dissertation is the responsibility that the literary world holds in keeping and transforming the western civilization and culture when they get in touch with others and when globalization emerges.

La presente tesis doctoral abarca el estudio de quince obras: siete novelas y un libro de relatos del narrador norteamericano Steven Saylor, cinco novelas del también norteamericano John Maddox Roberts y, finalmente, dos novelas del español Joaquín Borrell. La investigación ha sido llevada a cabo partiendo de las fuentes clásicas para realizar un comentario literario y humanístico de estas obras y ubicarlas dentro del contexto de la moderna novela histórica. Los principales temas de estudio, analizados en capítulos monográficos, han sido: La ciudad de Roma; Policía, guardias y detectives; Mitología; Religión y mundo de los muertos;Personajes históricos; Batallas, militares y ejércitos; Comida y bebida; Circos, anfiteatros y gladiadores. / The Doctoral Thesis covers the research of fifteen works: seven novels and a story book by the American writer Steven Saylor; five novels of the also American writer John Maddox Roberts, and two novels of the Spanish writer Joaquín Borrell. Research has been done on the classical sources, a humanistic and literary commentary of these works applied to the following principal subjects each of which was dedicated a full chapter of the Thesis: the city of Rome, Police Force Records, Mythology, Religion and the world of the dead, Historic characters, Military battles, Food and drink, Circus and gladiators.

En balans mellan hållbar utveckling, klassisk design och unikitet kan bidra till att minska dagens konsumtion. Begreppet ekodesign innefattar en produkts miljöpåverkan genom dess livscykel utan att äventyra med andra komponenter som kvalité, kostnad och formgivning. Att skapa en innovativ ekodesignad produkt utan att kompromissa skapar en hög attraktionsnivå och gör det enklare för kund att välja rätt, vilket medför ett högt kundvärde där produkten får leva genom generationer. Syftet med studien var att ta fram ett unikt ekodesignat produktförslag för uppdragsgivaren Ekdahls möbler som skall kunna brukas och uppskattas genom flera generationer där följande frågeställningar besvarats; [1] Vilka gemensamma framgångsfaktorer utgör en klassiskt designad sittmöbel? [2] Hur kan man utveckla en unik ekodesignad sittmöbel? För att besvara studiens första frågeställning genomfördes en dokumentundersökning som följts av en sambandsmatris för att konstatera de gemensamma framgångsfaktorerna hos klassiskt designade stolar. En intervju genomfördes för att analysera och stärka framgångsfaktorerna. Arbetet resulterade i att följande framgångsfaktorer var avgörande för en klassisk designad sittmöbel; unik, komfortabel, kvalitativ, estetisk, kreativ och användarvänlig vilka utgjorde formspråket på det slutliga produktförslaget. För att besvara studiens andra frågeställning tillämpades en designprocess där integrering av verktyg för ekodesign i form av statusanalys, kravspecifikation, funktion- och livscykelanalys samt ekostrategihjulet skapade ett miljöarbete samt en skräddarsydd och mer anpassad process för framtagningen av studiens produktförslag. Genom att följa designprocessens alla steg grundligt med komplettering av integrerade verktyg för ekodesign skapades inte bara en unik utvecklingsprocess utan även ett unikt projekt mot en ekodesignad produkt. Unikiteten är den framgångsfaktorn som värderades högst. Genom att leva upp till den samt de andra framgångsfaktorerna i det slutliga produktförslaget skapades en möjlighet att bli eftersträvansvärd på marknaden och på så sätt även öka livslängden för produkten.Produkten utstrålar klassisk och säregen design där kärleken för naturmaterial och kvalité står i centrum. Genom dess optimering i synpunkt på miljöpåverkan och dess unika formspråk är det en produkt att stolt leva med genom flera generationer. / A balance between sustainable development, classic design and uniqueness can help to reduce today’s consumption. The concept of eco-design includes a product's environmental impact throughout its life cycle without compromising with other components such as quality, cost and design. Creating an innovative eco-designed product without compromising makes it highly attractive and easier for the customer to choose the right product resulting in high customer value where it will live through generations. The purpose of the study was to develop a unique eco-designed product suggestion, for the client Ekdahls möbler, that will be used and appreciated by many generations in which the following questions were answered; [1] What common factors of success represent classically designed seating furniture? [2] How can a unique eco-designed seating furniture be developed? To answer the first question of the study a document investigation followed by a connection matrix was done to determine common success factors of classically designed chairs. An interview was conducted to analyze and strengthen the success factors. The result showed that the following success factors were crucial for a classically designed seating furniture; unique, comfortable, qualitative, aesthetic, creative and user friendly which constitute the design language of the final product proposal. To answer the second question of the study a design process was applied in which the integration of eco-design tools in the form of status analysis, requirements specification, functional and lifecycle analysis and the eco strategy wheel created an environmental and tailored process for the development of the study’s product proposals.' By following the design process’s every step thoroughly with supplementation of integrated tools for eco-design not only a unique development process was created, but also a unique project towards an eco-designed product. Uniqueness is the success factor valued most. By living up to it as well as the other factors for success in the final product proposal, an opportunity to become desirable in the market was created and thus also increase the longevity of the product.The product radiates classic and distinctive design where the love for natural materials and quality are central. Through its optimization of environmental impact and its unique design language it is a product to proudly live with through several generations.