Submitted by Fernando Souza (fernandoafsou@gmail.com) on 2017-08-25T12:28:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1172440 bytes, checksum: 164d53038182596ca9785f2e86b26364 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-25T12:28:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1172440 bytes, checksum: 164d53038182596ca9785f2e86b26364 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-26 / This paper proposes a study of the Aeneid, by Virgil, specifically the episode of Miseno's funeral, described in Book VI of the poem, and Pallas's funeral, present in Book XI. From the description of the funeral ceremonies performed by the poet, we will do a study on the cultural and religious aspects involved in this kind of religious practice, highlighting its importance within the archaic societies. Funeral rites composes some of the oldest customs of these people, and observed their achievement from primitive societies, given that the archaic antiquity already admitted a belief in the permanence of the soul after death, considering life on earth as a passage. The funeral rites arise as a way to end the earthly existence in the grave, beginning a life that is beyond the material plane. If the funerals were not accomplished, the soul would remain wandering in the earthly world, in the form of ghost or larva, tormenting the living, as a way of claiming their burial in order to finally reach the gateway to the underworld. / O presente trabalho propõe um estudo da Eneida, de Virgílio, mais especificamente do episódio do funeral de Miseno, descrito no Livro VI do referido poema e do funeral de Palante, presente no Livro XI. A partir da descrição das cerimônias fúnebres realizadas pelo poeta, faremos um estudo acerca dos aspectos culturais e religiosos envolvidos nesse tipo de prática religiosa, destacando a sua importância dentro das sociedades arcaicas. Os ritos fúnebres compõem alguns dos costumes mais antigos desses povos, sendo observada a sua realização desde as sociedades primitivas, tendo em vista que na antiguidade arcaica já se admitia uma crença na permanência da alma após a morte, considerando a vida na terra como uma passagem. As honras fúnebres surgem como uma maneira de encerrar a existência terrena no túmulo, dando início a uma vida que está além do plano material. Caso não fossem realizados os funerais, a alma permaneceria errante no mundo terreno, em forma de fantasma ou de larva, atormentando os vivos, como uma forma de reivindicar o seu enterro, a fim de que finalmente alcançasse a passagem para o mundo dos mortos.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:21:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2922562 bytes, checksum: 9db6c2993f51e11e2568c6fc42b4d668 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work was designed using the concept of classical bioisosterism where isoelectronic OH groups were replaced by the CH3 group, aimed at finding a relationship between the lipossolubility of the adducts Morita-Baylis-Hillman (AMBH) and its biological activity. Was developed in this work, synthetic methodologies for the preparation of 16 AMBH unprecedented (47-62), getting good and high yields. Initially was synthesized AMBH 8 using the 2-hydroxyethyl Acrylate 45 as Michael acceptor, giving the adducts 47 (2-hydroxyethyl [2-(hydroxy( 2-nitrophenyl)methyl)] acrylate, 71%), 48 (2-hydroxyethyl [2-(hydroxy( 3-nitrophenyl)methyl)] acrylate, 50%), 49 (2-hydroxyethyl [2-(hydroxy(4- nitrophenyl)methyl)] acrylate, 62%), 50 (2-hydroxyethyl [2-(hydroxy(pyridin-2- yl)methyl)] acrylate, 94%), 51 (2-hydroxyethyl [2-(hydroxy(pyridin-3-yl) methyl)] acrylate, 83%), 52 (2-hydroxyethyl [2-(hydroxy(pyridin-4-yl)methyl)] acrylate, 80%), 53 (2-hydroxyethyl [2-((4-bromophenyl)(hydroxy)methyl)] acrylate, 67%), 54 (2-hydroxyethyl [2-(hydroxy(naphthalen-2-yl)methyl)] acrylate, 71%). The second step of the synthesis was the preparation of Propyl Acrylate (46), from acrylic acid and propanol (yield 98%), which was later used as Michael acceptors in the synthesis of AMBH 55 (Propyl [2-(hydroxy(2-nitrophenyl) methyl)] acrylate, 68%), 56 (Propyl [2-(hydroxy(3-nitrophenyl)methyl)] acrylate, 73%), 57 (Propyl [2-(hydroxy(4-nitrophenyl)methyl)] acrylate, 97%), 58 (Propyl [2-(hydroxy(pyridin-2-yl)methyl)]acrylate, 70%), 59 (Propyl [2- (hydroxy(pyridin-3-yl)methyl)acrylate], 80%), 60 (Propyl [2-(hydroxy(pyridin-4- yl)methyl)] acrylate, 66%), 61 (Propyl [2-((4-bromophenyl)(hydroxy)methyl)] acrylate, 64%), 62 (Propyl [2-(hydroxy(naphthalen-2-yl)methyl)] acrylate, 60%). All of these adducts were bioavailiated in vitro against the parasite Leishmania amazonensis, their cytotoxicity in macrophages were studied and their therapeutic indices calculated. Unlike expected, the bioisosteric modification not presented a direct relationship between the lipossolubility (Log P) of these compounds and their biological activity. All adducts showed strong activity antipromastigote, being the compounds 47, 55, 49, 57, 53, 54 and 62 the most actives in L. amazonensis, all with IC50 less than 60μM. Among them the AMBH 47 was the most active and that presented the higher therapeutic index, which is the prototype substance of this work. / Este trabalho foi idealizado utilizando o conceito de bioisosterismo clássico, onde grupos isoeletrônicos OH foram substituídos pelo grupo CH3, visando encontrar uma relação entre a lipossolubilidade dos Adutos de Morita-Baylis- Hillman (AMBH) e sua atividade biológica. Foram desenvolvidos neste trabalho, metodologias sintéticas para a preparação de 16 AMBH inéditos (47-62), em bons a altos rendimentos. Inicialmente foi sintetizado 8 AMBH utilizando o Acrilato de 2-hidroxietila (45) como aceptor de Michael, obtendo os adutos 47(Acrilato de [2-(hidroxi(2-nitrofenil)metil)] de 2-hidroxietila, 71%), 48 (Acrilato de [2-(hidroxi(3-nitrofenil)metil)] de 2-hidroxietila, 50%), 49 (Acrilato de [2-(hidroxi(4-nitrofenil)metil)] de 2-hidroxietila, 62%), 50 (Acrilato de [2-(hidroxi( piridin-2-il)metil)] de 2-hidroxietila, 94%), 51(Acrilato de [2-(hidroxi(piridin- 3-il)metil)] de 2-hidroxietila, 83%), 52 (Acrilato de [2-(hidroxi(piridin-4-il)metil)] de 2-hidroxietila, 80%), 53 (Acrilato de [2-((4-bromofenil)(hidroxi)metil)] de 2- hidroxietila, 67%), 54 (Acrilato de [2-(hidroxi(naftalen-2-il)metil) de 2-hidroxietila, 71%). A segunda etapa de síntese foi a preparação do Acrilato de propila (46), a partir do ácido acrílico e do propanol (rendimento de 98%), que posteriormente foi utilizado como aceptor de Micheal na síntese dos AMBH 55(Acrilato de [2-(hidroxi-(2-nitrofenil)metil)] de propila, 68%), 56 (Acrilato de [2-(hidroxi-(3-nitrofenil)metil)] de propila 73%), 57 (Acrilato de [2-(hidroxi-(4- nitrofenil)metil)] de propila, 97%), 58 (Acrilato de [2-(hidroxi-(piridin-2- il)metil)] de propila, 70%), 59 (Acrilato de [2-(hidroxi-(piridin-3-il)metil)] de propila, 80%), 60 (Acrilato de [2-(hidroxi-(piridin-4-il)metil)] de propila, 66%), 61(Acrilato de [2-((4-bromofenil)(hidroxi)metil)] de propila, 64%), 62 (Acrilato de [2-(hidroxi(nafthalen-2-il)metil)] de propila, 60%). Todos estes adutos foram bioavaliados in vitro contra o parasita Leishmania amazonensis, suas citotoxicidades em macrófagos foram estudadas e seus índices terapêuticos calculados. Diferentemente do esperado, a modificação bioisostérica não apresentou uma relação direta entre a lipossolubilidade (Log P) destes compostos e a sua atividade biológica. Todos os adutos apresentaram forte atividade antipromastigota, sendo os compostos 47, 55, 49, 57, 53, 54 e 62 os mais ativos em L. amazonensis, todos com IC50 menores que 60QM. Entre eles o AMBH 47 foi o mais ativo e o que apresentou o maior índice terapêutico, sendo este a substância protótipo deste trabalho.

O sistema visual é considerado o mais complexo de todos os sistemas sensoriais do ser humano. O objetivo da visão é construir uma representação dos objetos extraindo informações do ambiente, transformando-as em um código neural que origina a percepção. A compreensão dos fatores sensoriais que alteram a percepção é necessária para uma teoria adequada da percepção visual. Evidências sobre os efeitos do contexto ambiental ainda são limitadas, mas sabe-se que alterações no plano de fundo, criação de lacunas e mudanças de textura alteram a percepção de profundidade. Esse estudo teve como objetivo principal investigar quais fatores sensoriais básicos alteram a estimativa de magnitude (EM) de tamanho de círculos nos sujeitos saudáveis, verificando se existiu correlação entre a variação de parâmetros do estímulo físico com os respectivos julgamentos para diferentes condições visuais, além da possibilidade de desenvolver um instrumento para avaliação de algumas psicopatologias. O método da EM se refere a um procedimento no qual o observador faz um julgamento numérico direto de uma magnitude psicológica de uma série de percepções. Para isso, desenvolvemos um programa de computador como uma ferramenta psicofísica para medidas de EM que nos permitiu gerar 15 diferentes condições experimentais separadas em quatro protocolos (P1, P2, P3 e P4). O projeto consistiu em dois blocos: (1) de experimentos básicos, cujo objetivo foi abordar como elementos sensoriais visuais básicos interferiram no julgamento para estímulos simples, usando o P2, cujas variáveis luminância e o P4 no qual a disposição espacial para diferenças na lateralização do processamento visual foram alteradas; e (2) de exploração metodológica, que buscou manipular o valor de referência (P1) e a indução de sensações de profundidade (P3). Foram avaliados 78 indivíduos típicos (m = 27,55, dp = 4,69) com nível superior completo ou incompleto, todos com visão normal ou devidamente corrigida, distribuídos aleatoriamente em os quatro grupos 8 experimentais. Os protocolos 1 e 2 apresentaram os resultados mais satisfatórios que nos permitirão a utilização do programa em indivíduos com psicopatologias para investigação de diferenças da população normal. Ainda que os protocolos 3 e 4 tenham gerado dados controversos, levou-se em consideração que se tratou de um estudo de investigação metodológica, cuja continuidade nos permitirá uma melhor contribuição teórica alcançada com a retomada de estudos no campo da Psicofísica Clássica, principalmente devido a escassez de publicações nas últimas décadas acerca do tema aqui proposto / The visual system is considered the most complex human sensory system. The purpose of the vision is to create a representation of the objects by gathering information of the environment and converting it into a neural code that generates perception. The comprehension of sensory factors that influence the perception is necessary to an adequate theory of visual perception. Evidences about the effects of the context remain still limited, but it is known that some facts such as variations on backgrounds, creation of gaps and texture changes modify the perception of depth. This study aimed to investigate which are the basic sensory factors that change the Magnitude Estimation (ME) of the size of circles in healthy subjects, in order to verify if there was a correlation between parameter variations of physical stimulus and its respective judgments about different visual condition, in addition to the possibility of development of a screening test to assess some psychopathologies. The ME method is the procedure in which the observer makes a direct numeric judgment of a psychological magnitude of a series of perceptions. For this purpose, we developed a computer software which was used as a psychophysical tool in order to measure ME that allowed us to generate 15 different experimental conditions allocated into four protocols (P1, P2, P3 and P4). The project was composed of two blocs: (1) basic experiments, in whichthe objective was to investigate how basic sensory visual elements interfere on the judgment of simple stimulus, using P2 in which the variable luminance was changed and P4 in which spatial position to evaluate differences on lateralization of visual process was altered; and (2) methodological exploration, that aimed to manipulate the reference value (P1) and the induction of depth sensory perception (P3). Seventy-eight healthy subjects were tested (m = 27.55, sd = 4.69), that had a complete or incomplete graduation course, they all had normal or corrected-to-normal visual acuity, and they were randomly distributed into the four experimental groups. The protocols 1 and 2 10 had shown the most satisfactory results that will allow us to use the software in people with psychopathologies in attention to screen differences of the general population. Despite the protocols 3 and 4 had generated controversial data, it is important to consider this as a study about methodological investigation, and its follow up will lead us to an improvement of the theoretical contribution reached by the recovery of Classic Psychophysics experiments, mainly due to the last decades lack of publishing about this purposed topic

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-07-18T13:34:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 joaogabrielxaviermarques.pdf: 1024919 bytes, checksum: 56d0d8d950bca2f8f03c72e9d1f1c78a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Fabíola Rubim (fabiola.rubim@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-07-19T11:46:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 joaogabrielxaviermarques.pdf: 1024919 bytes, checksum: 56d0d8d950bca2f8f03c72e9d1f1c78a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-19T11:46:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 joaogabrielxaviermarques.pdf: 1024919 bytes, checksum: 56d0d8d950bca2f8f03c72e9d1f1c78a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-01 / Novas mídias estão sempre em surgimento, cada qual com suas características próprias, mas sempre com algo que remete à outra que emergiu anteriormente. Esta dissertação se propõe a analisar o desenvolvimento da Narrativa Clássica na trama de duas obras da mesma franquia (The Warriors), porém pertencentes a mídias diferentes, o cinema e o videogame. A questão principal que queremos analisar é a forma pela qual a narrativa clássica se desenvolve em ambos os meios e as demandas que ela traz a quem assiste ao seu desenrolar. Nossa hipótese é a de que mesmo uma narrativa que se desenvolva da mesma maneira, com personagens e características semelhantes, podemos encontrar mudanças na experiência em geral e nas demandas destinadas ao usuário por conta da linguagem distintas dos meios. Como ferramenta analítica, optamos por utilizar conceitos da intermidialidade, que nos ajudaram a definir o tipo de relação que nossos dois objetos possuem, a fim de tornar nossa análise comparativa no que se diz respeito à maturação da narrativa e o paralelismo entre o espectador do cinema e o interator do videogame / -

Identity after Historical Change. Anti-Hitler Emigration of Fine Artists from Germany and Czechoslovakia to Great Britain (1933-1945). Mgr. Zuzana Duchková This dissertation thesis deals with a group of German and Czechoslovak fine artists (Erich A. Bischof, Kurt Lade, John Heartfield, Ludwig Meidner, Heinz Worner, Bedřich Feigl and Karel Vogel) who decided or were forced to exile from their home countries to Great Britain after Hitler came to power and stayed there during the Second World War. Research methods adopted from historical anthropology, approaches used in exile research and identity theory have been used to examine the impact of the extensive historical change on their personality as well as "artistic identity". A key area of the research is the period of 1933-1945, however, the lives of the artists before emigration have been outlined too.

This thesis critically analyzes the concepts of deliberative democracy and demarchy. Both theories are described from many different viewpoints, including criticisms aimed at elections in democratic political systems, the issue of legitimacy and representativeness. The analysis of the theory of deliberative democracy is based on the works of Bernard Manin, John Dryzek, Joshua Cohen etc. The analysis of the theory of demarchy is based on the works of John Burnheim. Both theoretical concepts are also confronted with criticisms aimed at their theoretical and practical imperfections. The thesis also deals with examples and possibilities of practical use of some elements from both theories. Finally, this thesis attempts to answer the question of whether both analyzed concepts could be satisfactory alternatives to representative democracy.

Biogas is a renewable energy source produced by decomposing organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Without oxygen, organic matter is broken down in this process, producing a mixture of gases that may be used for a variety of tasks, such as heating, cooking, and producing power. In contrast to conventional fossil fuels, biogas is economical and sustainable. Additionally, it may be produced from waste products like animal manure and agricultural wastes, which has considerable economic advantages. Due to its capacity to lower greenhouse gas emissions and solve climate change challenges, biogas has grown in popularity. To find the most effective source of biogas, scientists are constantly studying different types of bacteria and organic waste. The biologists can receive assistance from technicians to expedite the development of this field. Assistance can be provided by enhancing the laboratory equipment to make them more intelligent, user-friendly, and productive, which is the focus of this research endeavour. This study's state-of-the-art is an Automatic Methane Potential Test System currently utilised in laboratories and available for purchase. This project aims to redesign the blending mechanism of the Automatic Methane Potential Test System. The system is designed to operate independently using CAN communication and an edge device (a smartphone) that connects to the system via Bluetooth. The application for smartphones is designed to communicate with a master controller using Bluetooth Classic to send and receive data. Which, in turn, uses CAN-bus to interact with 18 bioreactors remotely. The TMC5130 stepper motor controller is utilised in this project, offering cutting-edge characteristics that meet the project's needs. The system's components have each been individually tested on a prototype. The result is encouraging and shows that, with modest adjustments, the conceptual design might one day successfully replace the current system.

Identity after Historical Change. Anti-Hitler Emigration of Fine Artists from Germany and Czechoslovakia to Great Britain (1933-1945). Mgr. Zuzana Duchková This dissertation thesis deals with a group of German and Czechoslovak fine artists (Erich A. Bischof, Kurt Lade, John Heartfield, Ludwig Meidner, Heinz Worner, Bedřich Feigl and Karel Vogel) who decided or were forced to exile from their home countries to Great Britain after Hitler came to power and stayed there during the Second World War. Research methods adopted from historical anthropology, approaches used in exile research and identity theory have been used to examine the impact of the extensive historical change on their personality as well as "artistic identity". A key area of the research is the period of 1933-1945, however, the lives of the artists before emigration have been outlined too.

This study conducts an analysis of the Classical Liberal doctrines, namely Natural Rights, Utilitarianism, and Social Darwinism, in the context of historical events contributing to the successful establishment of autonomous governance by the Kurdish population in Iraq. The research methodology employed is qualitative case study, with the case subject being the Kurdistan region in northern Iraq. The study draws upon secondary sources encompassing scholarly books and articles, to gather pertinent information. Throughout the course of history, the Kurdish people have ardently aspired to create their own homeland, Kurdistan. Despite their determination and historical occurrences, the four constituent parts constituting Kurdistan have not been able to coalesce into a unified entity. Nevertheless, the Kurdistan region in Iraq has made remarkable progress and presently governs itself autonomously within the Iraqi state. This progress can be attributed to a myriad of historical events, ranging from major turning points to subtle influences. In the comtext of this study, all three aforementioned Liberal doctrines hold relevance, although to varying degrees. Utilitarianism and Natural Rights emerge as the primary influential doctrines, while Social Darwinism, though present, exerts a lesser impact on the studied developments.

Islamic theology is a new invention in today’s secular universities, at least when it comes to studying Islam with a critical and constructive approach. As a muslim practice theology is often perceived as ʿilm al-kalām, with its use of philosophical method to gain knowledge of God. In the work Modern Muslim Theology Martin Nguyen looks for a different definition of theology where he defines theology in its fullest sense as a way to engage yourself with the Divine. The question is, is this theology as such modern? The Sufis - and in this work Abū ʾAbd al-Raḥmān al-Sulamī from Khurasan - where concerned more with an ascetic way of living rather than one fashioned by systematic doctrine, as a way to knowledge and union with God. This work in Islamic systematic theology investigates al-Sulamī’s theology and shines light on a classic example of a theology of engagement, with its possibilities of being an alternative way of knowledge in relation to kalām in Islamic theology. The study shows that al-Sulamī’s Sufism concerned with denegrating the ego-self and refinement of character constitutes its own path to theology. The study also shows that this form of theology is a challenge to the way in which theology is conducted at secular universities.