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Analysis of presupposition and relevance as mood choice predictors in Spanish Temer(se) clausesCigarroa-Cooke, Noelia 09 December 2013 (has links)
This report examines the dynamic mood alternation attested in fear emotive clauses, i.e. (Me) temo que mi hija sea/es anoréxica, 'I fear/am afraid my daughter (SUBJ/IND) is anorexic'. It does so by using data gathered in electronic sources, implementing two model analyses from the vast literature on the topic and presenting and analyzing the results. It then concludes which of the two chosen models better predicts and clarifies the mood alternation usage for this phrase. The two models come from Terrel and Hooper (1974; Model A) and Lunn (1989 and 1995; Model B). It is expected that one of the two analyses will better explain mood choice patterns for temer(se) expressions and, in future research, it may become a validated tool to explain mood variation in other comment clauses as well. / text
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The general rule for the control of unfair terms in contracts : justifications and operational contentsNanakorn, Pinai January 1996 (has links)
No description available.
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Topics in Copular ClausesBartošová, Jitka 11 1900 (has links)
This dissertation investigates syntax and semantics of copular clauses containing two NPs.
Since Higgins (1973) four semantically distinct types of copular clauses have been recognized
in the literature, i.e. predicational, equative, specificational, and identificational
clauses. There are many proposals aiming to reduce the number of copular clause types via
collapsing certain types into others. This dissertation contributes to the debate by providing
novel evidence from Czech that identificational clauses are predicational and specificational
clauses are inverted predicational or equative clauses. Czech provides an excellent
tool to investigate copular clauses for three reasons: (i) rich phi-feature agreement, (ii) case
alternation, (iii) analytical verbal morphology. Using the three properties Czech offers, I
argue that specificational clauses are derived via scrambling of a structurally lower NP over
a structurally higher NP. Consequently, I support the inversion analysis of specificational
clauses (Moro, 1997; Den Dikken, 2006; Mikkelsen, 2006; Heycock, 2012, a.o.). I also
argue that specificational clauses may be derived from both, predicational and equative
clauses. In contrast, identificational clauses, despite their initial resemblance to specificational
clauses, are argued not to involve inversion, therefore providing empirical support
for Heller and Wolter (2008). I also present novel empirical data from Czech that show
that the interpretation of the pronoun in identificational clauses is restricted by the copular
agreement. In order to account for the restriction, I argue that both NPs in identificational clauses Agree with the copula via a Multiple-Agree chain (see Hiraiwa (2005)). / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Les clauses contractuelles autonomes.Chenu, Damien 27 November 2010 (has links)
Fréquemment utilisée par la Cour de cassation ainsi que par les juridictions du fond, la notion de clause autonome fait aujourd'hui partie des concepts reconnus par la doctrine pour son utilité. L'autonomie permettrait notamment au juge de « sauver » opportunément une clause d'un contrat promis à l'anéantissement et de lui faire produire effet. Pourtant, à l'analyse, l'autonomie des clauses possède de solides fondements qui devraient permettre un développement des clauses autonomes.Dans un premier temps, au-delà de leur aspect matériel, elles constituent de véritables conventions dont la nature ne peut être révélée qu'en cas d'anéantissement du contrat dans lequel elles sont insérées.L'autonomie se traduit donc comme la faculté d'une clause à survivre malgré l'anéantissement du contrat qui la porte.Dans un second temps, on doit déduire de la nature conventionnelle des clauses autonomes qu'elles forment avec la convention qui les porte un groupe de contrats. Cette qualification possède de nombreuses conséquences, notamment quand à la formation du groupe. Plus importantes encore sont les incidences de cette qualification quant à la circulation du groupe. / No summary available
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L'obligation de non-concurrence dans les sociétés de professionnels : vers une théorie de liberté de choix contractuelleIannuzzi, Pietro 04 1900 (has links)
La concurrence entre professionnels pour la délivrance de leurs
services dans l'économie est très importante. D'une part, la société de
professionnels désire protéger ses intérêts économiques et, d'autre part, le
professionnel a le droit de gagner sa vie. C'est ainsi que les clauses de non-concurrence
visent à protéger ces deux intérêts divergents.
La jurisprudence portant sur les clauses de non-concurrence en
matière de contrats de travail et de contrats de vente d'entreprise est bien
établie. Il s'agit de déterminer si la clause est raisonnable selon les critères de la
limitation dans le temps et dans l'espace. Cependant, tant la jurisprudence que la
doctrine s'est très peu penchée sur le défi particulier que présente les clauses de
non-concurrence dans les sociétés de professionnels. En effet, l'ordre public se
veut plus exigeant vis-à-vis les professionnels étant donné que ces derniers sont
régis par codes de déontologie qui prévoient le droit du public de choisir un
professionnel. Dans le cas des avocats, ce droit se trouve également dans les
chartes canadiennes et québécoises. Il s'agit donc de facteurs qui s'appliquent
uniquement aux professionnels.
Notre objectif est de proposer un cadre d'analyse propre aux clauses
de non-concurrence dans les sociétés de professionnels qui privilégient la liberté
contractuelle des professionnels, particulièrement à la lumière de la définition de
la notion d'entreprise prévue au Code civil du Québec depuis 1994.
Les tribunaux reconnaissent que les clauses de non-concurrence
consenties entre professionnels d'égale valeur sont valides. Ces clauses doivent
être raisonnables afin de respecter l'ordre public. Dans le cas particulier des
professionnels, les tribunaux doivent tenir compte du droit du public de choisir
son professionnel. Ce droit est tributaire de la relation intuitu personae qui existe
entre le professionnel et son client. Afin de respecter ce droit, les tribunaux ont
été réticents à ordonner des injonctions contre le professionnel-quittant et ont
plutôt choisi de lui imposer des sanctions économiques. En donnant effet aux
clauses pénales contre le professionnel-quittant, les intérêts économiques de la
société de professionnels sont protégés et l'équilibre entre les droits du
professionnel et de l'entreprise rétabli.
Finalement, qu'ils soient salariés ou associés, les professionnels ont
un devoir de loyauté envers leur employeur. Cette obligation est prévue à l'article
2088 du Code civil du Québec. À ce devoir s'ajoute le devoir de tenir le secret
professionnel prévu dans les codes de déontologie qui régissent les
professionnels de sorte que le professionnel a non seulement un devoir de
loyauté envers son employeur mais aussi un devoir de loyauté vis-à-vis son
client. Le statut particulier du professionnel dans le marché du travail est donc le
résultat des obligations qui lui sont imposées par la déontologie professionnelle. / Professional parlnerships offer services to the public and in the
services industry the most valuable asset to an enterprise is its clients. Due to
the nature of competition in the marketplace, an entreprise wishes to protect its
most valuable asset. Professionals have a right to work and wish to protect their
clients. Non-competition clauses are thus designed to strike a balance between
the deparling professional's right to work and the parlnership's right to protect its
clients. Although the caselaw in matters of restrictive convenants as they apply to
employment contracts and sales of enterprises is well-established, more
consideration is needed in matters relating to non-competition clauses between
professionals and the parlnerships in which they worked given the Iimited
caselaw and doctrine on the subject. In fact, non-competition clauses as they
relate to professionals must take into account factors such as the public's right to
choose a professional provided for in specifie Codes of Ethics and, with respect
to attorneys, present in the Canadian and Quebec Charlers.
Our objective is to bring to light these factors as they apply to
professionais and professional parlnerships. Our analysis emphasizes freedom
to contract between professionals given the commercial nature of professional
services confirmed by the Civil Code of Quebec in 1994 in its definition of the
notion of enterprise.
The caselaw demonstrates that Courts have generally recognized that
non-competition clauses entered into by competent professionals are valid
insofar as they are reasonable. The clauses must therefore respect the traditional
criteria of limitation in time and space. However, public order considerations with
respect to professionals dictate that clients have a right to choose their
professionals given the intimate nature that often characterizes professional client
relationships. In order to respect this right Courts have been reluctant to
impose injunctions on the professionals that compete for the clients with their
former firm. However, the balance between the interests of the professional
partnership and those of the professional and the client is struck by enforcing
penal clauses against the departing professional thus imposing monetary
sanctions that serve to protect the economic interests of the partnership.
Final/y, the obligation of loyalty and trust that an employee owes to his
employer provided for in article 2088 of the Quebec Civil Code also applies to
professionals whether they are salaried or partners in the partnership. In addition,
all professionals are subject to the obligations contained in their respective Code
of Ethics such as professional secrecy. Therefore, the obligation of loyaltyand
trust (fiduciary obligations) of the professional extend not only to the employer
but to the client thus confirming the unique status of professionals in the
workplace. / "Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maître en droit (LL.M.)"
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L'obligation de non-concurrence dans les sociétés de professionnels : vers une théorie de liberté de choix contractuelleIannuzzi, Pietro 04 1900 (has links)
"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maître en droit (LL.M.)" / La concurrence entre professionnels pour la délivrance de leurs
services dans l'économie est très importante. D'une part, la société de
professionnels désire protéger ses intérêts économiques et, d'autre part, le
professionnel a le droit de gagner sa vie. C'est ainsi que les clauses de non-concurrence
visent à protéger ces deux intérêts divergents.
La jurisprudence portant sur les clauses de non-concurrence en
matière de contrats de travail et de contrats de vente d'entreprise est bien
établie. Il s'agit de déterminer si la clause est raisonnable selon les critères de la
limitation dans le temps et dans l'espace. Cependant, tant la jurisprudence que la
doctrine s'est très peu penchée sur le défi particulier que présente les clauses de
non-concurrence dans les sociétés de professionnels. En effet, l'ordre public se
veut plus exigeant vis-à-vis les professionnels étant donné que ces derniers sont
régis par codes de déontologie qui prévoient le droit du public de choisir un
professionnel. Dans le cas des avocats, ce droit se trouve également dans les
chartes canadiennes et québécoises. Il s'agit donc de facteurs qui s'appliquent
uniquement aux professionnels.
Notre objectif est de proposer un cadre d'analyse propre aux clauses
de non-concurrence dans les sociétés de professionnels qui privilégient la liberté
contractuelle des professionnels, particulièrement à la lumière de la définition de
la notion d'entreprise prévue au Code civil du Québec depuis 1994.
Les tribunaux reconnaissent que les clauses de non-concurrence
consenties entre professionnels d'égale valeur sont valides. Ces clauses doivent
être raisonnables afin de respecter l'ordre public. Dans le cas particulier des
professionnels, les tribunaux doivent tenir compte du droit du public de choisir
son professionnel. Ce droit est tributaire de la relation intuitu personae qui existe
entre le professionnel et son client. Afin de respecter ce droit, les tribunaux ont
été réticents à ordonner des injonctions contre le professionnel-quittant et ont
plutôt choisi de lui imposer des sanctions économiques. En donnant effet aux
clauses pénales contre le professionnel-quittant, les intérêts économiques de la
société de professionnels sont protégés et l'équilibre entre les droits du
professionnel et de l'entreprise rétabli.
Finalement, qu'ils soient salariés ou associés, les professionnels ont
un devoir de loyauté envers leur employeur. Cette obligation est prévue à l'article
2088 du Code civil du Québec. À ce devoir s'ajoute le devoir de tenir le secret
professionnel prévu dans les codes de déontologie qui régissent les
professionnels de sorte que le professionnel a non seulement un devoir de
loyauté envers son employeur mais aussi un devoir de loyauté vis-à-vis son
client. Le statut particulier du professionnel dans le marché du travail est donc le
résultat des obligations qui lui sont imposées par la déontologie professionnelle. / Professional parlnerships offer services to the public and in the
services industry the most valuable asset to an enterprise is its clients. Due to
the nature of competition in the marketplace, an entreprise wishes to protect its
most valuable asset. Professionals have a right to work and wish to protect their
clients. Non-competition clauses are thus designed to strike a balance between
the deparling professional's right to work and the parlnership's right to protect its
clients. Although the caselaw in matters of restrictive convenants as they apply to
employment contracts and sales of enterprises is well-established, more
consideration is needed in matters relating to non-competition clauses between
professionals and the parlnerships in which they worked given the Iimited
caselaw and doctrine on the subject. In fact, non-competition clauses as they
relate to professionals must take into account factors such as the public's right to
choose a professional provided for in specifie Codes of Ethics and, with respect
to attorneys, present in the Canadian and Quebec Charlers.
Our objective is to bring to light these factors as they apply to
professionais and professional parlnerships. Our analysis emphasizes freedom
to contract between professionals given the commercial nature of professional
services confirmed by the Civil Code of Quebec in 1994 in its definition of the
notion of enterprise.
The caselaw demonstrates that Courts have generally recognized that
non-competition clauses entered into by competent professionals are valid
insofar as they are reasonable. The clauses must therefore respect the traditional
criteria of limitation in time and space. However, public order considerations with
respect to professionals dictate that clients have a right to choose their
professionals given the intimate nature that often characterizes professional client
relationships. In order to respect this right Courts have been reluctant to
impose injunctions on the professionals that compete for the clients with their
former firm. However, the balance between the interests of the professional
partnership and those of the professional and the client is struck by enforcing
penal clauses against the departing professional thus imposing monetary
sanctions that serve to protect the economic interests of the partnership.
Final/y, the obligation of loyalty and trust that an employee owes to his
employer provided for in article 2088 of the Quebec Civil Code also applies to
professionals whether they are salaried or partners in the partnership. In addition,
all professionals are subject to the obligations contained in their respective Code
of Ethics such as professional secrecy. Therefore, the obligation of loyaltyand
trust (fiduciary obligations) of the professional extend not only to the employer
but to the client thus confirming the unique status of professionals in the
workplace.
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Some aspects of relative clauses in ChineseLi, Yun-biu., 李潤彪. January 1984 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Language Studies / Master / Master of Arts
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Internally headed constructions in Japanese : a unified approachHosoi, Hironobu January 2003 (has links)
This thesis discusses Internally Headed Constructions in Japanese, specifically, the "Counter-Equi NP" (CENP) construction and the "Internally Headed Relative Clause" (MC) construction. In both of these constructions, an NP within the embedded clause is interpreted as an argument of the matrix clause. / There are two major goals in this thesis. The first goal is to provide a unified syntactic and semantic analysis of the CENP and IHRC constructions. I argue that the CENP construction is basically the same as the IHRC construction, even though some previous researchers have assumed the contrary (Kuroda 1992, 1999, Ohara 1996, Shimoyama 1999, among others). Furthermore, I argue that both the CENP NP and the MC NP are arguments of the matrix verbs. / The second goal is to closely examine the syntactic and semantic properties of the CENP construction and the IHRC construction. As discussed by Hoshi (1995) and Shimoyama (1999), the interpretation of the argument which is "modified by the IHRC" in these constructions is quite similar to that of E-type pronouns (Evans 1977a,b; 1980). In addition, there are some facts that show that the event of the embedded clause is linguistically connected to the event of the matrix clause. Regarding all these properties, the CENP construction behaves in the same manner as the IHRC construction. In this thesis, adapting the E-type pronoun analyses of the IHRC (Hoshi 1995 and Shimoyama 1999), I propose an alternative analysis of the CENP construction and the IHRC construction to capture those properties. / Moreover, even though the CENP construction and the IHRC construction share many properties with each other, there are some differences between them (Shimoyama 1999, among others). In particular, the CENP cannot appear as the subject of the matrix clause, whereas the IHRC can. However, we observe restrictions on possible internal heads with regard to the subject IHRC, in contrast to the CENP. This thesis tries to account for those differences under a unified analysis of the CENP construction and the IHRC construction, together with an analysis of the subject MC, which adapts Shimoyama's (1999) analysis of the IHRC.
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Multiple accusative constructions in Korean and the stratal uniqueness lawLee, Keon Soo January 1991 (has links)
Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 302-312) / Microfiche. / x, 312 leaves, bound 29 cm
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Perspective-shifting constructions in Japanese : a lexicase dependency analysisSpringer, Hisami Konishi January 1993 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993. / Microfiche. / 2 v. (xix, 558 leaves), bound 29 cm
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