Dans ce travail, nous nous intéressons à la modélisation des ressources Cloud, indépendamment des couches existantes, afin d’apporter un cadre (framework) de représentation unique et ouvert à l'arrivée anticipée du XaaS (Anything as a Service). Nous fournissons, à l'aide de ce framework, un outil de placement des ressources pour une plate-forme donnée. Les travaux de thèse se portent aussi sur la prise en compte des intérêts des utilisateurs ou consommateurs et des fournisseurs. Les solutions existantes ne se focalisent que sur l’intérêt des fournisseurs et ce au détriment des consommateurs contraints par le modèle d’affaire des fournisseurs. La thèse propose des algorithmes évolutionnaires en mesure de répondre à cet objectif / This thesis focuses on optimal and suboptimal allocation of cloud resources from infrastructure providers taking into account both the users or consumers and the providers interests in the mathematical modeling of this joint optimization problem. Compared to the state of the art that has so far remained provider centric, our algorithms optimize the dynamic allocation of cloud resources while taking into account the users and the providers objectives and requirements and consequently frees the users (or consumers) from provider lock in (providers’ business interests). Evolutionary algorithms are proposed to address this challenge and compared to the state of the art

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Crime and gang violence are often subjects of media attention in today's society. This has led to an increased debate and a widespread perception that it is a societal issue. There is a division among politicians about which strategy is considered most effective in reducing crime. Some belive that harsher penalties will lead to reduced crime, while others argue that preventive work and investments in social work are needed. The purpose of the study is to examine whether the social work being conducted is sufficient to prevent a greater degree of recidivism or whether authorities need to work differently. To conduct the study, five social workers participated in interviews where they were asked about their views on the reintegration model that exists in Sweden, as well as whether they believe other strategies are needed. Since these social workers have different professional roles, their answers provide a broader perspective on how different professions work with criminals. The results of the study show that more preventive work is needed from an early age to prevent individuals from committing criminal acts. When authorities become involved, it is usually to late, and the individual is already trapped in a cycle of crime that is difficult to break. To prevent this, signicicant investments are needed in various social activities that are there to support early on. Additionally, the study shows that society must give the criminals a fair opportunity to reintegrate into society by, for examle, employing individuals who have served their sentence to reduce social exclusion.

Purpose of the study: develop and validate technology services to small town sports club. The object of study: аctivities of sports club “Olimp”, city Kamensk-Uralsky. Subject of study: рlanning service technologies for sports club “Olimp”, city Kamensk-Uralsky. The author reviewed the literature on the implementation of technology in the service industry of sports. The author has studied the activities of the sports club “Olimp”, city Kamensk-Uralsky. Author planned and substantiated service technologies for sports club “Olimp”, city Kamensk-Uralsky. The author has shown the results of research at international conferences. / Цель исследования: разработать и экономически обосновать сервисные технологии для спортивного клуба малого города. Объект исследования: деятельность спортивного клуба «Олимп», город Каменск-Уральский. Предмет исследования: разработка сервисных технологий для спортивного клуба «Олимп» г. Каменск-Уральский. В ходе исследования проведен обзор литературных данных по вопросам внедрения сервисных технологий в индустрию спорта; проведен сбор и рассмотрение данных по вопросам деятельности спортивного клуба «Олимп», г. Каменск-Уральский; разработаны и экономически обоснованы сервисные технологии для спортивного клуба «Олимп», г. Каменск-Уральский. Апробация результатов исследования проведена на двух международных конференциях.

Text in Afrikaans / Die doel van die studie was om 'n model te ontwikkel vir openbare bibiioteekdiensiewering in 'n ontwikkelende land met 'n multikulturele samelewing. Die kernprobleem was om die teoretiese fundering van dienslewering en die toepassing daarvan in die praktyk te ondersoek. Die eerste subprobleem was om die eienskappe van 'n professie en professionele dienslewering te ondersoek. Die eienskappe van die professionalis/bibiiotekaris wat leiding aan die gebruiker moet gee, is geidentifiseer. Sleutelelemente is: outonomie (gekoppel aan deskundigheid en opieiding), 'n altruistiese diensorientasie en funksionele diens (volgens professionele riglyne en standaarde) aan alle groepe in die gemeenskap, ongeag sosiale kias. Die tweede subprobleem was om die doelstellings en funksies van die openbare biblioteek en die roi van gebruikersleiding daarin te ontleed. Daar is gevind dat diensleweringsfunksies in die teorie swak gefundeer is. 'n Kategorisering is voorgestel wat onderskei tussen ondersteuningsfunksies, diensleweringsfunksies en bestuursfunksies. Gebruikersleiding is geidentifiseer as oorkoepelende begrip en kernelement van alle diensleweringsfunksies wat gerig is op die optimalisering van die waarde van inligting tot beswil van die samelewing. Die derde subprobleem was om die ontstaan van 'n diensbegrip in die openbare biblioteek te beskryf en paradigmaverskuiwings uit te wys. Professionele riglyne, beginsels en standaarde, is ontleed. Afleidings is gemaak oor 'n heersende diensbegrip en rol van die openbare biblioteek. Daar is bevind dat die riglyne vir die identifisering van gebruikersgroepe en hulle behoeftes asook diensleweringsfunksies ontoereikend is. 'n Kategorisering van potensiele gebruikersgroepe en hul behoeftes is gedoen en 'n model vir openbare biblioteekdiensiewering ontwikkel om die leemte in teoretisering te vul. Die model onderskei 'n diensparadigma van dienslewering aan alie individue en groepe in die gemeenskap en missie van ontwikkeling; die primere doeiltelling opvoeding; beginsels van gemeenskapskontak; behoeftebepaling en toegang lot inligting; diensfunksies en uitreikaktiwiteite; die professionalis-klientverhouding; wetgewing, organisatoriese strukture en omgewingsfaktore. Die model is in 'n vraelysopname in die Suid-Afrikaanse openbare biblioteekpraktyk getoets. Daar is bevind dat die doelsteliings nagestreef en diensfunksies toegepas word. Die grootste probleme word in organisatoriese strukture en finansiering ondervind. Hierdie sake moet dringend aandag kry om die gestelde missie, naamlik om 'n wesenlike rol te speel in die ontwikkeling van die hele Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing, te verwesenlik. / The purpose of the study was to develop a model for public library service rendering in a developing and multicultural society. The core problem was to investigate the theoretical foundation of service rendering and the application thereof in practice. The first subproblem was to examine the characteristics of a profession and professional service rendering. The characteristics of the professional/ librarian who has to provide guidance to the user were identified. Key elements are: autonomy (linked to expertise and training), an altruistic service orientation and functional service (according to professional guidelines and standards) to all groups in the community irrespective of social class. The second subproblem was to analyse the aims and functions of the public library and the role of user guidance in it It was found that service rendering functions are not theoretically well grounded. A categorisation is proposed which distinguishes between supporting, service rendering and management functions. User guidance is identified as an umbrella concept and core element of all service rendering functions which is directed at optima/isirtg the value of information to the benefit of society. The third subproblem was to describe the origins of a service concept in the public library and to expose paradigm shifts. Professional guidelines, principles and standards were analysed. Conclusions were drawn about a predominant service concept and the role of the public library. It was found that guidelines for the identification of user groups and their needs as well as service rendering functions are inadequate. A categorisation of potential user groups and their needs was compiled and a model for public library service rendering was developed to bridge the gap in XXtheorisation. The model distinguishes a paradigm of service to all Individuals and groups in the community and a developmental mission; the primary aim of education; service principles of community networking, needs assessment and information access; service functions and outreach activities; the professionalclient- relationship; legislation, organisational structures and environmental factors. The model was tested in South African public library practice by means of a questionnaire survey. It was found that aims are pursued and service functions are applied. The greatest problems are experienced In organisational structures and financing. These issues must be urgently addressed to realise the public library's declared mission, namely to play a substantial role in the development of the South African society as a whole. / Information Science / D. Litt. et Phil. (Information Science)

This research pursues the use of the Bible in counseling. The focus is to identify the different theological paradigms in which the Bible is used and the different ways that counsellors make use of the Bible in therapy. It also pursues the experiences that the clients had of such counsellors in the use of the Bible. Therapists and clients from different theological backgrounds partake in this study. An overview is given of the shift that is taking place from a modern to a postmodern approach about reality, truth, and knowledge and the effect there of on the use of the Bible in therapy. The aim of the research is to explore if an evangelical christian in a postmodern context can make use of the Bible as the inspired word of God. The implication of this can be profound for pastoral therapy. A narrative paradigm is adopted to dicuss the discourses that evolved from the research. / Practical Theology / M.Th. (Pastoral Therapy)

Direct response advertising in the financial services industry in South Africa has become one of the most important tactics companies utilise to build and maintain market share. Ensuring that these advertising campaigns yield optimal return on investment numbers is the responsibility of marketing departments and their partners in the marketing and sales processes, such as the creative and media agencies, the distribution force, as well as the client service area that supports the client value proposition. The marketing executive therefore is accountable for the planning, budgeting and execution of direct response campaigns, which need to deliver sufficient results to support the company’s overall business objectives. The challenge all marketers face is the lack of a proven structured and scientific methodology to facilitate this planning, budgeting and execution process. It has always been a general view in the marketing fraternity that it is extremely difficult if not impossible to combine creative output measures, which are subjective in nature, with cost, sales and profit measures, which are objective in nature. This study aims to create a structured approach to marketing strategising and planning, by creating a marketing metrics model that enables the marketing practitioner to budget according to output needed to achieve the overarching business objectives of sales, cost management and profit. This marketing metrics model therefore unpacks the business drivers in detail, but through a marketing effort lense, to link the various factors underlying successful marketing output, to the bigger business objectives. This is done by incorporating both objective (verifiable data, such as cost per sale) and subjective variables (qualitative factors, such as creative quality) into a single model, which enables the marketing practitioner to identify areas of underperformance, which can then be managed, tweaked or discontinued in order to optimise marketing return on investment. Although many marketing metrics models and variables exist, there is a gap in the combination of objective and subjective factors in a single model, such as the proposed model, which will give the marketer a single tool to plan, analyse and manage the output in relation to pre-determined performance benchmarks. / Business Management / DCOM (Business Management)

Darbas apima banko klientų kredito istorinių duomenų dėsningumų tyrimą. Pirmiausia nagrinėjamos banko duomenų saugyklos, siekiant kuo geriau perprasti bankinius duomenis. Vėliau naudojant banko duomenų imtis, kurios apima kreditų grąžinimo istoriją, siekiama įvertinti klientų nemokumo riziką. Tai atliekama adaptuojant algoritmus bei programinę įrangą duomenų tyrimui, kuris pradedamas nuo informacijos apdorojimo ir paruošimo. Paskui pritaikant įvairius klasifikavimo algoritmus, sudarinėjami modeliai, kuriais siekiama kuo tiksliau suskirstyti turimus duomenis, nustatant nemokius klientus. Taip pat siekiant įvertinti kliento vėluojamų mokėti paskolą dienų skaičių pasitelkiami regresijos algoritmai bei sudarinėjami prognozės modeliai. Taigi darbo metu atlikus numatytus tyrimus, pateikiami duomenų vitrinų modeliai, informacijos srautų schema. Taip pat nurodomi klasifikavimo ir prognozavimo modeliai bei algoritmai, geriausiai įvertinantys duotas duomenų imtis. / This work is about analysing regularities in bank clients historical credit data. So first of all bank information repositories are analyzed to comprehend banks data. Then using data mining algorithms and software for bank data sets, which describes credit repayment history, clients insolvency risk is being tried to estimate. So first step in analyzis is information preprocessing for data mining. Later various classification algorithms is used to make models wich classify our data sets and help to identify insolvent clients as accurate as possible. Besides clasiffication, regression algorithms are analyzed and prediction models are created. These models help to estimate how long client are late to pay deposit. So when researches have been done data marts and data flow schema are presented. Also classification and regressions algorithms and models, which shows best estimation results for our data sets, are introduced.

L’objectif de ce mémoire est de comprendre l’influence du genre sur le rapport de force entre les danseurs nus et leur clientèle féminine et masculine. Depuis les années 1960, les bars de danseuses nues abondent à Montréal. De nombreuses recherches ont été menées à ce sujet, mais très peu concernent directement leurs homologues masculins, les bars de danseurs nus pour hommes et pour femmes. Notre mémoire analyse la relation de pouvoir entre les danseurs nus et leur clientèle féminine et masculine au 281 et au Stock bar. S’appuyant sur la littérature des bars de danseuSEs nuEs, nous étudions les quatre dimensions de la relation de pouvoir : l’influence des lieux sur les interactions, la liaison physique et sexuelle, l’échange marchand ainsi que le lien émotif. Pour répondre à notre question de recherche, nous avons effectué plusieurs séances d’observation non-dévoilée au 281 et au Stock bar. Afin d’analyser les données que nous avons recueillies, nous utilisons les théories de Judith Butler et la sociologie goffmanienne. Le concept de phallus de Butler nous permet de repérer qui domine en « ayant » le phallus et qui est dominé en « étant » le phallus. Nous concluons que les femmes sont, à quelques exceptions près, toujours celles qui « sont » le phallus pour les hommes danseurs et animateurs qui le « possèdent ». La structuration des soirées, établie selon le modèle hétérosexuel binaire prépondérant, rend très difficile pour elles de s’en emparer. En ce qui concerne le rapport entre les hommes danseurs et clients dans un contexte homosexuel, ce sont les danseurs qui « sont » le phallus pour les hommes clients qui l’« ont ». Leur relation est très similaire à celle que nous pouvons observer dans les bars de danseuses nues entre ces dernières et leur clientèle masculine. « Être » le phallus signifie que les danseuSEs nuEs ont le pouvoir de reconnaître ou non le phallus à l’homme client afin qu’il puisse (ou non) matérialiser son pouvoir masculin en subvenant à leurs besoins et en étant désirable à leurs yeux. Dans tous les cas, les danseurs nus font un travail émotionnel différent selon le genre des clientEs, rehaussant le statut social des hommes et diminuant celui des femmes. / Since the 1960s, there has been a glut of female strippers’ clubs in Montreal. Numerous researches have been written on the subject, but only few of them are about their masculine counterparts, male strippers’ clubs for men and women. Our thesis questions the power relation between male nude dancers and their female and male patrons at 281 and Stock bar. Using male and female strippers’ clubs literature, we study the four dimensions of their power relation: the physical and organizational space’s influence, the physical and sexual connection, the monetary exchange and the emotional link. Our objective is to understand the gender influence on this power relation between male strippers and their female and male patrons. To answer our research question, we have made several under cover observation sessions at 281 and Stock bar. In order to analyse our data, we use Judith Butler’s theories and goffmanian sociology. Butler’s phallus concept enables us to see who is dominating by “having” the phallus and who is dominated by “being” the phallus. We conclude that women are always, with a few exceptions, the ones “being” the phallus for the male strippers and masters of ceremony who “have” it. The Ladies’ night’s structure, set according to the predominant heterosexual binary model, makes it very difficult for them to seize it. As regards of male strippers’ and patrons’ connection in a homosexual context, strippers “are” the phallus for the patrons that “have” it. Their relationship is very similar to the one observed in female strippers’ clubs. “Being” the phallus means that female and male dancers have the power to acknowledge or ignore the male patron’s phallus possession, which will enable or undermine his masculine power to provide economically for their material needs and to be desirable in their eyes. In all cases, male strippers enact a different emotional labor according to patrons’ gender, by enhancing men’s social status and decreasing women’s.

L’objectif de ce mémoire est de comprendre l’influence du genre sur le rapport de force entre les danseurs nus et leur clientèle féminine et masculine. Depuis les années 1960, les bars de danseuses nues abondent à Montréal. De nombreuses recherches ont été menées à ce sujet, mais très peu concernent directement leurs homologues masculins, les bars de danseurs nus pour hommes et pour femmes. Notre mémoire analyse la relation de pouvoir entre les danseurs nus et leur clientèle féminine et masculine au 281 et au Stock bar. S’appuyant sur la littérature des bars de danseuSEs nuEs, nous étudions les quatre dimensions de la relation de pouvoir : l’influence des lieux sur les interactions, la liaison physique et sexuelle, l’échange marchand ainsi que le lien émotif. Pour répondre à notre question de recherche, nous avons effectué plusieurs séances d’observation non-dévoilée au 281 et au Stock bar. Afin d’analyser les données que nous avons recueillies, nous utilisons les théories de Judith Butler et la sociologie goffmanienne. Le concept de phallus de Butler nous permet de repérer qui domine en « ayant » le phallus et qui est dominé en « étant » le phallus. Nous concluons que les femmes sont, à quelques exceptions près, toujours celles qui « sont » le phallus pour les hommes danseurs et animateurs qui le « possèdent ». La structuration des soirées, établie selon le modèle hétérosexuel binaire prépondérant, rend très difficile pour elles de s’en emparer. En ce qui concerne le rapport entre les hommes danseurs et clients dans un contexte homosexuel, ce sont les danseurs qui « sont » le phallus pour les hommes clients qui l’« ont ». Leur relation est très similaire à celle que nous pouvons observer dans les bars de danseuses nues entre ces dernières et leur clientèle masculine. « Être » le phallus signifie que les danseuSEs nuEs ont le pouvoir de reconnaître ou non le phallus à l’homme client afin qu’il puisse (ou non) matérialiser son pouvoir masculin en subvenant à leurs besoins et en étant désirable à leurs yeux. Dans tous les cas, les danseurs nus font un travail émotionnel différent selon le genre des clientEs, rehaussant le statut social des hommes et diminuant celui des femmes. / Since the 1960s, there has been a glut of female strippers’ clubs in Montreal. Numerous researches have been written on the subject, but only few of them are about their masculine counterparts, male strippers’ clubs for men and women. Our thesis questions the power relation between male nude dancers and their female and male patrons at 281 and Stock bar. Using male and female strippers’ clubs literature, we study the four dimensions of their power relation: the physical and organizational space’s influence, the physical and sexual connection, the monetary exchange and the emotional link. Our objective is to understand the gender influence on this power relation between male strippers and their female and male patrons. To answer our research question, we have made several under cover observation sessions at 281 and Stock bar. In order to analyse our data, we use Judith Butler’s theories and goffmanian sociology. Butler’s phallus concept enables us to see who is dominating by “having” the phallus and who is dominated by “being” the phallus. We conclude that women are always, with a few exceptions, the ones “being” the phallus for the male strippers and masters of ceremony who “have” it. The Ladies’ night’s structure, set according to the predominant heterosexual binary model, makes it very difficult for them to seize it. As regards of male strippers’ and patrons’ connection in a homosexual context, strippers “are” the phallus for the patrons that “have” it. Their relationship is very similar to the one observed in female strippers’ clubs. “Being” the phallus means that female and male dancers have the power to acknowledge or ignore the male patron’s phallus possession, which will enable or undermine his masculine power to provide economically for their material needs and to be desirable in their eyes. In all cases, male strippers enact a different emotional labor according to patrons’ gender, by enhancing men’s social status and decreasing women’s.