Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / The thesis analyzes the Programa de Apoio à Pesquisa em Empresas (PAPPE), which emerged in Brazil in 2003 with the objective of supporting innovative projects developed by companies in partnership with researchers. It emerges as a political pioneer since it is a joint initiative of federal, via Financier of Studies and Projects (FINEP), and state sphere, via State Support Foundations (FAPs) with the intention to decentralize the actions to promote and provide resources to meet the needs and characteristics of regional development. Based on the neo-Schumpeterian theoretical framework, which supports a systemic view of the innovation process by developing the concept of national innovation system, the program, another groundbreaking project, aims to foster and strengthen relations of interaction between staff economic, since such relations can promote the generation and dissemination of knowledge and learning, highly interactive phenomena, which are key elements in the development and diffusion of innovations. The PAPPE is therefore one of the instruments used by the Brazilian government to try to overcome some bottlenecks that make the country‟s innovation system characterized by some scholars as immature/incomplete. Correspondingly, emerges the importance of studying it and identifying its contributions. For this, and through online interviews with participating companies of PAPPE, the present study considers the program in the States of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo, in order to characterize these firms as well as identify their impacts on the interaction relationships and innovative activities. In general, companies that had projects approved in PAPPE are primarily young, created between 1990 and 2000; they are often small, and have a significant number of employees with higher education and graduate, has established partner relationships with other agents; have, in most cases, departments own R & D and founders originated the academic environment. That is, these companies point to the emergence of a new scenario in the country, which is formed by the micro and small innovative firms that recognize the importance of interaction relationships. / O trabalho analisa o Programa de Apoio à Pesquisa em Empresas (PAPPE), que surgiu no Brasil em 2003, com o objetivo de apoiar projetos inovativos desenvolvidos por empresas em parceria com pesquisadores. O programa surgiu como uma política pioneira, por se tratar de uma iniciativa conjunta das esferas federal, via FINEP (Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos), e estadual, via FAPs (Fundações de Amparo Estaduais), com a intenção de descentralizar as ações de fomento e oferecer recursos de modo a atender às necessidades e características do desenvolvimento regional. A análise do Programa é realizada com base no arcabouço teórico neoschumpeteriano, que se fundamenta na visão sistêmica do processo inovativo por meio do desenvolvimento do conceito de Sistema Nacional de Inovação, o programa, também de forma pioneira, tem como objetivo estimular e fortalecer as relações de interação entre os agentes econômicos, uma vez que tais relações podem favorecer a geração e disseminação de conhecimento e aprendizado, fenômenos eminentemente interativos que constituem elementos-chave para o desenvolvimento e a difusão de inovações. O PAPPE é, portanto, um dos instrumentos utilizados pelo governo brasileiro para tentar superar alguns gargalos que fazem o sistema de inovação do país ser caracterizado por alguns estudiosos como imaturo/incompleto; por isso, a importância em estudá-lo e identificar suas contribuições. Para tanto, e por meio da realização de entrevistas online com participantes do PAPPE, o presente trabalho analisa o programa nos Estados de Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, com intuito de caracterizar tais empresas, bem como identificar seus impactos sobre as relações de interação e as atividades inovativas. De maneira geral, as empresas que tiveram projetos aprovados no PAPPE são fundamentalmente jovens, criadas entre os anos 1990 e 2000; de pequeno porte, possuem um número significativo de empregados com formação superior e cursos de pós-graduação; já estabelecem relações de parceira com outros agentes; possuem, na grande maioria, departamentos próprios de P&D e sócios fundadores originados do ambiente acadêmico. Noutros termos, tais dados apontam para o surgimento de um novo cenário no país, qual seja o formado por micro e pequenas empresas inovativas que reconhecem a importância das relações de interação. / Doutor em Economia

Este estudo focaliza a construção do Sistema Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (SNVS) e a analisa do ponto de vista das relações intergovernamentais. Nessa construção, ressalta-se que o modelo de descentralização, adotado pela esfera federal até 2003, seguiu um caminho diferente das ações assistenciais, centrado no reforço à esfera estadual. E um caminho diferenciado em relação à partilha federativa que beneficiou a esfera municipal, e nesta, os pequenos municípios. Dos quatro princípios básicos do federalismo, enfatizam-se a cooperação e a coordenação. A cooperação se relaciona com a autonomia dos entes federados e com o grau de descentralização vigente. A coordenação é vista como necessária para se obter a cooperação. O pano de fundo é a heterogeneidade estrutural dos municípios brasileiros. Examinam-se: a evolução do regime federativo nas constituições republicanas e as relações intergovernamentais que se estabelecem; a trajetória históricas da vigilância sanitária e epidemiológica; o processo de descentralização da vigilância sanitária no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Aponta-se que a estratégia adotada no âmbito do SUS, de municipalização das ações de saúde, tendo proporcionado ganhos na cobertura assistencial e fragmentação da rede de serviços, merece maior reflexão na sua transposição para a vigilância sanitária. A natureza de sua função de Estado, o grau potencialmente alto de externalidade negativa e a heterogeneidade estrutural municipal colocam: a imprescindibilidade da coordenação efetiva pela União; a necessidade de reforço ao papel da esfera estadual no contexto da necessidade de cooperação regional e local; a urgência na reformulação dos critérios para descentralização e financiamento das ações de vigilância sanitária. Sem pretender esgotar a questão federativa da vigilância sanitária, apresentam-se algumas propostas para discussão visando superar alguns dos problemas detectados. / This study focuses on the construction of the National Sanitary Surveillance System, analyzing it from the viewpoint of inter-government relations, This construction points out that the way taken by the decentralization model, adopted by the federal sphere till 2003, was different from assistance actions, centered on improvement of the state sphere. Also, a different way in relation to the federative sharing which benefited the municipal sphere, and the small municipalities. Of the four basic principles of federalism, co-operation and co-ordination are highlighted. Co-operation is concerned with the autonomy of federative matter and with the decentralization degree in force. Co-ordination is regarded as necessary to obtain co-operation. The background is the heterogeneous structure of Brazilian municipalities. The study examines: the evolution of federative regimen in republican constitutions and intergovernment relations thus established; the historical trajectory of sanitary surveillance in Brazil; the building strategies of epidemiological and sanitary surveillance national systems; the sanitary surveillance decentralization process in municipalization of health actions, after having provided profits in healthcare coverage and fragmentation of services, deserves more attention when shifting to sanitary surveillance. The State responsibility, the potentially high degree of negative externality, and the heterogeneous municipal structure require: the need for effective federal co-ordination; the need to reinforce the states role in the context of a necessary regional and local co-operation; the urgency to reformulate decentralization and financing criteria for sanitary surveillance actions. This study does not intend to exhaust the federative issue of sanitary surveillance, but it brings some proposals to overcome some of the detected problems.

Social work encourages social change, solving problems in human relations, strengthens and liberates people, in order to fulfill their personal welfare. Its goal is to let all people to fully develop their abilities and prevent failure. The point of social work in humanitarian aid area is removal of significant negative factors, which could negatively influent already difficult social situation of individual or whole society. The goal of providing humanitarian aid to suffering is alleviation of consequences of their social situation and providing self-sufficiency for individual and whole society. There have been radical changes in social area since 1990. Various social problems are growing and so is growing the need for solution. Social worker skill requirements are increasing. Social working education had to be re-gained to university level as a professional activity. Minimum social working education standards emerge, universities got accreditations for additional areas of social work. Newly emerged humanitarian work field prepares student for quality work in humanitarian and developing help. New ways of competence for social work are sought. The theoretical part of thesis informs about traditions, goal of humanitarian and developing aid, current education possibilities, describes method, theory and ethics of social work. It also focuses on effect of traumatizing events on individual and society. The research part of thesis uses experience, views and opinions of social workers on problematics of social workers role in humanitarian and developing aid, opinions of social working students about education in humanitarian and developing aid. Motivation for the thesis was also own interest in social working domain, the need to inform social workers about specificity of work in humanitarian and developing organizations and current options for education of social workers. The thesis can also be useful source of information for wide public and social working or humanitarian aid applicants.

The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the use of the funds of European Union for the development of tourism in the Czech Republic and France and find out what financial resources are invested in the support of tourism and if they are allocated effectively. The comparison between these countries was accomplished by two similar regions Central Bohemian Region and Lower Normandy.

TITLE: Romany children education in Czech school system and its realization in Náchod AUTHOR: Jan Vajsar DEPRATMENT: Primary Education Department SUPERVISOR: prof. PaedDr. Radka Wildová, CSc. ABSTRACT This dissertation is a proposal of a strategical model for romany`s pupils education in Czech school system. This dissertation is conceived for primary and lower secondary schools teachers. Our goal was to make a model of the work with romany pupils which could be applied with some modifications for any basic schools where romany pupils are educated. It has been located to Náchod. It is a town where the current situation in education can be used as a good example for the similar educational problems we can observe in other towns of the Czech Republic. The dissertation includes many methodical suggestions which are designed for simple and useful practicing at schools. These suggestions should be used in order to solve various problems teachers still have and will probably have with Romany pupils. KEYWORDS: Romany, child, education, model, pupil, environment, approach, teacher, street, family, co-operation, mistrust, preconceptions, rectification, change

Abstract Unemployed are known to be in poorer health and to use less health care services compared to those employed. However, evidence on the work ability of the unemployed remains scarce. The methods of assessing work ability are very divergent, not least because a shared understanding on the concept of work ability is lacking. Furthermore, the aspect of marginalization gives rise to further challenges when assessing work ability among the unemployed. This study explored the work ability of long-term unemployed, their needs for medical care and rehabilitation as well as the methods of assessing work ability. The aims were to find out to which amount and how the work ability was restricted among the unemployed and to clarify the needs for medical care and rehabilitation among them. Additionally, differences between the methods for assessing the disease-oriented and multidimensional work ability, as well as the need for rehabilitation were analysed. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in this multi-method research in three different studies. The multidimensional work ability assessments were conducted among long term unemployed individuals in three Labour Force Service Centres (Oulu, Raahe region and Kainuu) and in one municipality (Paltamo). Furthermore, an illustrated case study was conducted to compare the materials and background theories of disease-oriented and multidimensional work ability assessment methods. The work ability was significantly decreased for a great proportion of long term unemployed, mostly because of mental disorders. In one municipality, 27% of the long term unemployed were found disabled for open labour market, in addition 20% of them were considered to need medical care and rehabilitation to enable return to work. By using multidimensional work ability assessment method, restrictions in work ability as well as the needs for rehabilitation appeared to get identified more accurately than by using the disease-oriented method. The latter had missed potential rehabilitation avenues and had led to under-rehabilitation, misrehabilitation and over-rehabilitation. The results indicate that the practices of assessing work ability should be based on biopsychosocial and not only on biomedical approach of health and therefore existing information from the multidisciplinary network concerning the clients’ functioning should be routinely collected and used. The health care services as well as the work ability assessment procedures should be tailored to meet the special needs of the long term unemployed to support their work ability and potential of returning to work. / Tiivistelmä Työttömien terveydentila on heikompi ja he käyttävät vähemmän terveyspalveluja kuin muu samanikäinen väestö. Sen sijaan työttömien työkyvystä ei ole olemassa kattavaa tutkimustietoa. Toisaalta työkyvyn arvioinnin menetelmät ovat epäyhtenäiset, koska työkyvyn käsitteestäkään ei ole yhtenäistä ymmärrystä. Syrjäytymiseen liittyvät ilmiöt aiheuttavat työttömien työkyvyn arviointiin omat erityishaasteensa. Tämän tutkimuksen kohteena olivat pitkäaikaistyöttömien työkyky, sairauksien hoitoon ja kuntoutukseen liittyvät tarpeet sekä työkyvyn arvioinnin menetelmät. Tavoitteena oli selvittää, kuinka suurella osalla ja millä tavoin pitkäaikaistyöttömien työkyky on heikentynyt sekä minkälaista hoidon ja kuntoutuksen tarvetta heillä on. Lisäksi selvitettiin sairauslähtöisen ja monialaisen työkyvyn ja kuntoutustarpeen arvioinnin eroja. Monimenetelmätutkimuksen kolmessa osatutkimuksessa käytettiin sekä laadullisia että määrällisiä menetelmiä. Aineistoina olivat kolmen työvoiman palvelukeskuksen (Oulu, Raahen seutukunta ja Kainuu) ja yhden kunnan (Paltamo) alueella asuville vaikeasti työllistyville henkilöille monialaisesti toteutetut työkyvyn arvioinnit. Lisäksi aineistona analysoitiin sairauslähtöisessä ja monialaisessa työkyvyn arvioinnissa käytettävät tietoaineistot ja tulokset yhdellä esimerkkiasiakkaalla havainnollistaen. Suurella osalla pitkäaikaistyöttömistä työkyky oli merkittävästi heikentynyt, sairausluokista eniten mielenterveyden häiriöiden takia. Yhden kunnan kaikista pitkäaikaistyöttömistä todettiin avoimille työmarkkinoille työkyvyttömiksi 27 % ja näiden lisäksi 20 %:lla todettiin työkykyä kohentavan hoidon ja kuntoutuksen tarvetta. Monialaisen arviointimallin avulla tunnistettiin työkyvyn heikkeneminen ja kuntoutustarve osuvammin kuin perinteisellä sairauslähtöisellä toimintatavalla, joka hukkaa kuntoutuksen potentiaalia ja johtaa alikuntoutukseen, väärinkuntoutukseen tai ylikuntoutukseen. Tulosten perusteella työkyvyn arvioinnin käytännöt tulisi perustaa biopsykososiaaliseen eikä vain biomedikaaliseen terveyskäsitykseen ja niissä tulisi nykyistä enemmän hyödyntää monialaisessa verkostossa olevaa informaatiota tutkittavan toimintakyvystä. Työkyvyn tukemiseksi työttömien terveyspalvelut sekä työkyvyn ja kuntoutustarpeen arvioinnit tulisi aiempaa enemmän suunnitella ja kohdentaa pitkäaikaistyöttömien erityistarpeet huomioiden.

In recent years South Africans have become accustomed to the fact that the local sphere of government is part and parcel of the new democratic structure of government in the Republic. Today, all local governments are clothed with a new status, a new autonomy and a distinctive character with specifically entrenched constitutional powers and objects. Notwithstanding its newfound importance, all local government institutions had to be transformed and restructured to fit into an entirely new constitutional framework. Such a restructuring process was an often arduous and time consuming process. The restructuring furthermore required an entire overhaul of all municipal authorities since the new Constitution requires mainly parliament to add substance to a simple constitutional framework. Parliament has recently completed its constitutional obligations in respect of the restructuring of local government and a completely new legal order regulating and managing all local government structures in South Africa has been developed and enacted. All municipal role players must now constructively and purposefully implement and enforce the various new legal requirements. This new research under the title, The restructuring of Local Government under the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, now seeks to systemize and structure the new local government legal dispensation. Spanning over 22 chapters, this work covers almost all legal aspects of the new local government dispensation and addresses, inter alia, aspects such as the new status of local governments, the impact of the Constitution on municipal affairs, the various objectives and challenges facing all municipalities, the new legal nature of local government institutions, a discussion of the principles of co-operative government relevant to the local sphere of governance, a look at the new models of local authorities, the demarcation of municipal boundaries, the composition and functioning of local government structures, the role and importance of traditional leadership in municipal decision making, an overview of the entrenched powers and functions of municipalities, aspects concerning municipal services and sustainable service delivery, as well as the important principles relating to municipal finances and fiscal management. Copyright 2006, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Bekink, B 2006, The Restructuring (Systemization) of Local Government under the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, LLD thesis, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12042006-163249 / > / Thesis (Doctor Legum (Public Law))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Public Law / unrestricted

Foreign policy of Czechoslovakia in 70's and 80's depended completely on the policy of the Soviet union and its promoted ideology. The Czechoslovak socialist republic preserved the narrowest relationship with the Soviet union and its sattelite states in Eastern Europe, while the relationship with the western countries oriented to co-operation with the United states, was very cold and was beeing restored very slowly and gradually. The developing countries, especially those heading to a socialist establishment, had a special position in Czechoslovak foreign policy. Especially these countries benefited from Czechoslovak aid such as financial, military or material support. Another way Czechoslovakia implemented its development aid was offering scholarships for university students. The purpose of this form of aid was to contribute to the progress of developing countries, most of whom gained independence recently. Simultaneously the policy pursued another aim - to spread the socialist ideology and the influlence of the Soviet union around the world. Hundreds of foreign students studied in Czechoslovak universities every year during 70's and 80's. Most of them came from so called developing countries. Foreign students came from various countries of the world, various cultures and therefore they perceived...

Diplomová práce se zabývá analýzou zahraničně-kulturní a vzdělávací politiky SRN s důrazem na vzdělávací sektor ve vztahu k Rusku během třetí vlády Angely Merkelové. Pozornost je věnována především klíčovým změnám a definici normativních, institucionálních a koncepčních rovin. Úvodní část práce se věnuje základnímu uvedení do tématu, stanovení cílů, tezí a výzkumných otázek. Dále je zde popsána metodologie a kritické zhodnocení pramenů a literatury. První kapitola teoreticky vymezuje analytické koncepty soft-power, civilní mocnost, geo- ekonomická mocnost a "Wir müssen kleine Brötchen backen", které umožňují podrobněji popsat zkoumanou oblast. V této části je také definována zahraničně-kulturní politika a její hlavní instrumenty. Druhá kapitola představující empirickou část diplomové práce se podrobně věnuje vzdělávacímu sektoru zahraničně-kulturní a vzdělávací politiky SRN ve vztahu k Rusku v letech 2013 až 2017. Skrze klíčové programy a projekty jsou rozebírány cíle, tematické okruhy, programové, koncepční a částečně i finanční změny zkoumané politiky. Třetí kapitola se věnuje analýze a vyhodnocení těchto změn. Kromě toho je věnována pozornost i kontinuitě ve vybraných oblastech a efektivnosti autorem zavedeného konceptu "Wir müssen kleine Brötchen backen". Následuje závěr práce, který shrnuje...

Questa ricerca si propone di individuare ed esaminare il contributo del Governo americano al processo di integrazione economica, politica e culturale tra gli Stati non-comunisti della regione dell'Asia sud-orientale, prendendo le mosse dalla creazione della primigenia forma di cooperazione regionale nel febbraio 1959 – il Southeast Asia Friendship and Economic Treaty (SEAFET) – fino ad arrivare alla fondazione dell'Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), l'8 agosto 1967. L'impegno in prima linea degli Stati Uniti sarà analizzato sotto due aspetti in particolare: storico e diplomatico. Partendo proprio dalla documentazione consultata negli archivi americani di College Park e in quelli britannici di Kew Gardens, l'analisi percorre i principali avvenimenti della Guerra Fredda nel Sud-est asiatico che contraddistinsero l'ultima parte degli anni Cinquanta e tutti gli anni Sessanta: il periodo immediatamente successivo alla lunga e, per certi versi sanguinosa, fase della decolonizzazione; la crisi vietnamita e il Secondo conflitto indocinese (1954-1973); lo scisma sino-sovietico all'interno del campo comunista (1960); la Konfrontasi indo-malese (1962-1966); il disimpegno britannico dai territori “a est di Suez” (annunciato nel 1966 dal Governo Wilson). Nel contesto di questi eventi che cambiarono in un decennio la fisionomia politica ed economica del Sud-est asiatico, Washington favorì la formazione di una organizzazione regionale in funzione anti-comunista e, in particolare, anti-cinese che coinvolse gli Stati dell'Asia sud-orientale intenti a fronteggiare all'interno dei propri confini movimenti di ispirazione marxista che facevano riferimento – con diverse sfaccettature – chi a Mosca e chi a Pechino. Le nazioni chiamate in causa da questa ricerca sono cinque: Thailandia, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia e Filippine, i Paesi fondatori dell'ASEAN. Il Sud-est asiatico rappresentò per gli Stati Uniti il bastione del “Free World” nel continente asiatico, dove peraltro fioccavano gli investimenti delle compagnie americane dell'industria estrattiva. Era pertanto motivo ulteriore per Washington evitare che l'influenza comunista soggiogasse i Paesi della regione che stavano gradualmente percorrendo la via della democrazia e dello sviluppo. Anche sulla scorta di quanto mostrato in Europa, gli americani si affidarono alla carta del regionalismo: in primo luogo, per facilitare il riavvicinamento tra i Paesi del cosiddetto “lower arc” le cui relazioni erano tese per varie questioni territoriali e politiche. In secondo luogo, per favorire il processo di nascita di un “nuovo spirito asiatico” – guidato principalmente dalla Thailandia – finalizzato a trovare soluzioni locali a problemi locali nel pieno spirito di cooperazione. / This study examines the U.S. contribution to the creation of ASEAN, by analysing the origins – since the foundation of the Southeast Asia Friendship and Economic Treaty (SEAFET) in February 1959 – and the ultimate evolution of Southeast Asian regionalism on 8 August 1967. Throughout the 1960s the United States was interested in the promotion of an ʻindependent nations zoneʼ in Southeast Asia as a means of accelerating the economic co-operation and social progress. The Department of State believed regionalism embodied a necessary element of ʻcontainment doctrineʼ, that should have pursued two main objectives: first, to preserve and strengthen the will of the peoples of the area to resist Communist threat; second, to assist these governments in copying with the major problems of development. Since historians have tended to concentrate on military issue, this proposal draws attention to U.S. plans taking into account two main aspects: diplomatic and economic. Washington had no territorial ambitions and, to some extent, the desire to secure the markets and raw materials of Southeast Asia for U.S. industry could offer an adequate explanation for the American commitment to the region. Regionalism in Southeast Asia during the Cold War is still an understudied field, partly due to the uneven attention given to the Second Indochina conflict. This research project is based on a vast array of textual records gathering from U.S., U.K., and Australian National Archives, as well as memoirs of the then Southeast Asian leaders. This study seeks to provide the U.S. point of view to understand the process of regional co-operation, hoping to bring a broader contribution to the field of both diplomatic history and ASEAN studies. This study concludes that United States has long worked actively to encourage regional cohesion among the nations of Southeast Asia and, albeit territorial disputes, Southeast Asian states were committed to establish a truly co-operative association that provided Asian solutions to Asian problems.