Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa e à Inovação Tecnológica do Estado de Sergipe - FAPITEC/SE / This research aims to analyze the experience of river basin committees in the production of public policies for water resources in Sergipe. This analysis was performed from the perspective of social participation and integration as structural axes of the National and State Policy of Water Resources, established in Brazil and Sergipe in 1997. This assumes identify and discuss the limits and possibilities of this form of state action as promoter of public policies and civil society, through the watershed committees, as his legal representative. Our hypothesis is that the participation of society in an organized and active public sphere is one of the factors that determine the formation of an integrated State with its organs and other spheres of civil society, acting together in institutionalized processes following the example of watershed committees. This social participation acts in the context of public debate and deliberative democracy in perspective built by Habermas and collective association, by Bruno Latour. In reading methodology and text analysis, we mainly guided by the concepts of Habermas, Hanna Arendt, Bruno Latour, Max Weber, Luhmann, Giddens and Beck, Hans Jonas and Larrère and others who assisted in the foundation of this thesis. In empirical research, the data were collected by document analysis and means of personal interviews with the technicians and managers of Resources Water Polycy in Sergipe and with the members the river basin committees of state domain watershed instituted in the state (Rio Sergipe established in 2002, Rio Piaui established in 2005, Rio Japaratuba introduced in 2007). It was found that the committees have very limited influence on achievement of the shares in favor of the sustainability of water resources, although its institutionalization is perceived by its members as positive, because even limited, the committees represent a breakthrough in politics, it offers discussion and knowledge on the key issues of the basins. The solutions permeate ways that signal for joint action involving both the State and society. Such solutions should consider, above all, recognition of the committees as an area of excellence for discussion of water resources policy and an appropriate management of activities involved, whether related to the own functioning and dynamism of the committees, or related to the performance of agencies of the public power in their appropriate competencies. / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a experiência dos comitês de bacia hidrográfica na produção de políticas públicas de Recursos Hídricos em Sergipe. Tal análise foi realizada sob a perspectiva da participação social e integração, enquanto eixos estruturadores da Política Nacional e Estadual de Recursos Hídricos, instituída no Brasil e em Sergipe em 1997. Isso pressupõe identificar e discutir os limites e possibilidades dessa forma de atuação do Estado, enquanto promotor de políticas públicas, e da sociedade civil, por meio dos comitês de bacias hidrográficas, enquanto seu representante legal. Partimos da hipótese de que esta participação da sociedade, numa esfera pública organizada e atuante, é um dos fatores que podem condicionar a formação de um Estado integrado com seus órgãos e com outras esferas da sociedade civil, atuando conjuntamente em processos institucionalizados a exemplo dos comitês de bacias hidrográficas. Essa participação social atua num contexto de debate público e de democracia deliberativa na perspectiva construída por Habermas e de associação de coletivos, de Bruno Latour. Na metodologia de leitura e análise de texto, nos guiamos principalmente pelos conceitos de Habermas, Hanna Arendt, Bruno Latour, Max Weber, Luhmann, Giddens e Beck, Hans Jonas e Larrère, entre outros que auxiliaram no fundamento desta tese. Na investigação empírica, os dados foram obtidos através de análise documental e por meio de entrevistas pessoais com os técnicos e gestores da Política de Recursos Hídricos de Sergipe e com os membros dos comitês de bacias hidrográficas de domínio estadual instituídos no Estado (Rio Sergipe instituído em 2002, Rio Piauí instituído em 2005, Rio Japaratuba instituído em 2007). Constatou-se que os comitês têm uma influência muito limitada na concretização das ações em favor da sustentabilidade dos recursos hídricos, embora sua institucionalização seja percebida pelos seus membros como positiva, pois mesmo limitados, os comitês representam um avanço na política, uma vez que proporciona a discussão e o conhecimento sobre os principais problemas das bacias. As soluções enveredam por caminhos que sinalizam para ações conjuntas que envolvem tanto o Estado quanto à sociedade. Tais soluções devem considerar, sobretudo, o reconhecimento dos comitês enquanto espaço por excelência do debate da política de recursos hídricos e uma adequada gestão das atividades envolvidas, seja referente ao próprio funcionamento e dinamismo dos comitês, seja referente à atuação dos órgãos do poder público, nas suas devidas competências.

Essa dissertação pretende debater as interpretações correntes sobre a atividade do Legislativo brasileiro. Tendo como princípio da análise a produção de leis, a proposta é observar a maneira pela qual se resolvem institucionalmente os conflitos de preferências inerentes a governos (e maiorias) multipartidários. Neste sentido, a principal contribuição é trazer novos elementos ao debate sobre como o Executivo é capaz de produzir e, mais especificamente, manter maiorias legislativas capazes de tornar o governo efetivo. Sem negar o peso das instituições e das regras internas no processo decisório, o argumento é que a manutenção da base governista e, portanto, a governabilidade, dá-se também em termos substantivos, via participação positiva do Legislativo na conformação das políticas que são aprovadas. O recorte temporal se estende de 1988, após a promulgação da Nova Constituição, até 2009. Como se verá ao longo do trabalho, apesar da lógica dominante de concentração dos poderes, está em efeito um processo de negociação constante entre os Poderes em torno da elaboração objetiva do conteúdo das leis. Para chegar a este ponto, trata-se inicialmente da questão da agenda de governo e do domínio do Executivo, com ênfase nas alterações que o Legislativo aprova nas propostas enviadas pelo Executivo ao Congresso Nacional. Depois, a questão é saber em quais instâncias legislativas (comissões ou plenário) se efetiva primordialmente a participação do Legislativo sobre essas políticas, em investigação que mostra que é nas comissões que se dá o principal canal de manifestação positiva dos parlamentares nessas propostas. Por fim, o foco se volta para a proposição de alterações, buscando demonstrar quem participa, levando o debate para os termos de coalizão de governo e de maioria e minoria parlamentar. / This dissertation intends to debate the current interpretations about the activities of the Brazilian Legislative houses. Focusing on law production, the proposal is to observe the ways in which the conflicts of interest inherent to multiparty governments (and majorities) are institutionally resolved. The main contribution is to bring new elements to the discussion about how the Executive build and, particularly, maintain legislative majorities that enable the effectiveness of the government. Without denying the importance of institutions and internal rules in the legislative process, the argumentation is that the maintenance of the government coalition, and thus, the governability, is also sustain in substantive premises, through positive participation of the Legislative in the conformation of the policies that are approved. The perimeter is from 1988, after the new Constitution promulgation, to 2009. As will be seen throughout the work, despite the dominant logic of concentration of powers, there is a process of constant negotiation between the Powers around the objective elaboration of the laws content. To reach this point, it was initially approached the topics of government agenda and Executive domain, emphasizing the changes made and approved by the Legislative in the proposal introduced by the Executive in the Congress. After that, its investigated in which legislative instances (committees or the floor) the Legislatives participation mainly occurs, in investigation that shows that the committees are the main channel of positive manifestation on those bills. Finally, the focus turn to the authorship of the alterations, in an intent to show who is participating, what leads the discussion to the terms of government coalitions and legislative majority and minority.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:44:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Neimar_Afonso_Sornberger.pdf: 2465528 bytes, checksum: a6b61d82b21e105c35d728512b55b37e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-25 / Fundação Araucária / This paper aims at discussing about water management in Paraná Basin 3 - BP3, whose focus is on the role of the BP3 Committee, management and conservation of water resources. The interdisciplinary dialogues presented here are guided in the environmental crisis on the perspective of modernity risks and the Science role; the right to an ecologically balanced environment and drinking water and; water management based on the Integrated Management of Water Resources, concerning the nowadays legal framework in Brazil and Paraná State. The overall purpose of this research is to study water resources management within the BP3, from the National Water Resources Policy of 1997 and the BP3 Committee. This is an exploratory study according to its goals, which is also classified as a case study. Data were obtained from questionnaires or semi-structured interviews with members of the BP3 Committee and the representative of the Basin Management BP3 (integrated into the Institute of Paraná waters), in 2014. Its results are analyzed and presented in accordance with the theoretical and methodological assumptions according to Bardin's content analysis (1995) and aim at contributing to further discussions regarding water resources management. In addition, this trial has instigated some reflections recommended by the Post-Graduation Program in Sustainable Rural Development (PPGDRS) at the Western Paraná State University (Unioeste), structured at the Concentration Area of Sustainable Rural Development / Este trabalho discorre sobre a gestão da água no território da Bacia Hidrográfica do Paraná 3 BP3, com enfoque no papel do Comitê da BP3, na gestão e conservação dos recursos hídricos. Os diálogos interdisciplinares aqui apresentados pautam-se na crise ambiental sobre a ótica dos riscos da modernidade e o papel da Ciência; o direito ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado e à água potável e; a gestão das águas pautada na Gestão Integrada dos Recursos Hídricos, sobre as perspectivas legais em vigor no Brasil e no Estado do Paraná. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é estudar a gestão dos recursos hídricos no território da BP3, a partir da Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos de 1997 e do Comitê da BP3. Este é um estudo exploratório de acordo com seus objetivos, classificado como um estudo de caso. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de questionários ou entrevistas semiestruturadas aos integrantes do Comitê da BP3 e ao representante da Gerência de Bacia da BP3 (integrado ao Instituto das Águas do Paraná), no ano de 2014. Os resultados deste trabalho são analisados e apresentados segundo os pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos da análise de conteúdo de Bardin (1995) e buscam contribuir para novas discussões sobre a gestão dos recursos hídricos. Além de instigar reflexões preconizadas pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável (PPGDRS) da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (Unioeste), enquadrado na Área de Concentração de Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável

This thesis explores the role and effectiveness of police authorities in connecting policing and the citizen and in increasing the citizen's involvement in the delivery of their policing service. The thesis examines: police authorities in the context of citizenship and in relation to accountability; and whether the operational function of law enforcement, the original charge of Keeping the Kings Peace and policing by consent - can work homogenously within a system characterised by both active and passive citizenry. Individual chapters discuss whether police authorities have sufficient power, whether the home secretary and chief constable have too much power, and the propensity of police authorities to demand answers and call the police service to account. As history shows, it is possible to have a police service carrying out policing functions in the absence of a police authority performing a scrutiny function; but it would be impossible to have a police authority without a police service. Therefore, the thesis argues that the added value, the relevance and the effectiveness of police authorities needs to be unambiguous.

Masters in Public Administration - MPA / Municipal councils are vested with the legal authority to promote financial accountability in their respective municipalities. To accomplish this responsibility, municipal council establishes committees to enable a structured and coordinated mechanism through which it can promote financial accountability effectively. However and despite the available legal and institutional mechanisms established to enable council committees to promote financial accountability, the lack of effective financial accountability in municipalities has persisted. This study focused on the role of council committees in ensuring financial accountability. It was guided by the following research questions: What are the major factors that contribute to financial accountability at local level, what is the role of council committees in promoting financial accountability and how can council committees be strengthened to play an effective role in Stellenbosch municipality’s municipal financial accountability. Stellenbosch Local Municipality was used as a case study for this research. The data was collected from primary and secondary sources. Primary data was sourced from members of relevant council committees through structured and unstructured interviews. Secondary data was obtained from relevant municipal reports, internet sources, government department publications, journals and Auditor - General’s reports which contributed to the reliability, validity and objectivity of the findings. The findings showed that political instability, a lack of a culture of accountability, lack of clearly defined authority for accountability, lack of relevant capacity and willingness are some of the major factors that have impacted negatively on council committees from promoting effective financial accountability. The study opens up the possibility of future research to include a wider number of municipalities. / South Africa

The purpose of this study was to explore and understand school-based teacher unionism by conducting an empirical analysis of the views and experiences of stakeholder groups in a Gauteng district. Participants saw the role of teacher unions at school level as being the protection of their members. Principals and SGB members and some SMT members thought school based unions protected teachers from being disciplined. Defending of teachers or members was seen as one of the most important roles of teacher unions. This was seen as important because it will ensure that the rights of teachers are not trampled upon especially by school principals. While school principals recognised the rights of union members to join union and the right of unions to organise in the schools they thought that they were unduly and wrongly defending bad teachers. This article also argues that principals were never adequately trained on how to manage union existence at schools. Most participants thought that the role, responsibility and right of teacher unions at school level could not be overlooked. However they still felt that this was emphasised over the rights of other stakeholder groups in the schools especially the learners. Principal and teacher participants, most notably SADTU members, expressed dissatisfaction with their union and did not seem to think that it plays a constructive role in schools. It is argued in this article that teachers’ unions play a role in schools and that this role is either positive or negative. This article is based on my research of school based teacher unionism in one Gauteng district. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

The study investigates community participation in the decision-making processes in Mnquma Local Municipality. The issue of community participation in decision making is receiving attention in South Africa, from both government and civil society sectors. Governments in many parts of the world have begun to take a fresh look at the need for public participation in decision-making processes. The main problem to be addressed in this study is the extent to which the community can be involved in decision making processes in Mnquma Local Municipality. To address the research problem and to achieve the aims of this study, an in depth review of the literature on decision making was done. The empirical search was done by distributing self-administered questionnaires to the participants in Mnquma Local Municipality. The research findings revealed that in Mnquma Local Municipality community participation in decision-making is not effective. Consequently, the delivery of services in this municipality is poor. Another factor that inhibits community participation in the decision making processes in the municipality is that most of the municipal documents are written in English a language in which the majority of the members of the community are not competent in because they are Xhosa speaking people. Recommendations for improved satisfaction in service delivery, communication, consultation, regular meetings, and language were made with regard to community participation in decision making. If these recommendations are implemented, they will assist Mnquma Local Municipality in the area of decision making.

The thesis deals with activities of Czech parliamentary parties during EU-affairs discussion in the Chamber of Deputies, Parliament of the Czech Republic. The main focus is on three characteristic features of political parties during their activities on the parliamentary level: stability (rhetorical, voting, and programmatic), use of parliamentary oversight tools, and fulfilling their systemic function. The parties are seen through the prism of behavioural approach. EU-affairs are a rather new topic with a variable salience for national parties. EU-affairs influence party competition in extra-parliamentary arena. Conflict, however non-salient topics in parliamentary arena are ousted by governmental parties in order for them to keep governmental stability. The parties do not act according to their party manifestoes (low level of Europeanization); instead, their voting behaviour indicates that the parties follow logic of parliamentary competition between government and opposition. Parliamentarization of EU governance (engagement of national parliaments in broader institutional setting of the EU) leads to spreading of party competition on the national level to a new policy area. Political parties use tools of parliamentary scrutiny in a rather limited extent and according to their actual position within the system. The thesis also deals with party nomination and composition of the Committee on European affairs which holds oversight powers. The empirical analysis is based on the analysis of voting behaviour of parliamentary party groups (roll-call data), stenographic records, Committee and plenary session resolutions and quantitative analysis of composition of the Committee.

The thesis deals with the personal stability of the Czech Parliament in the period after 1993 when the Czech Republic was founded. The author assumes a better orientation in both organizational and procedural issues of reelected representatives. The aim of this thesis is to explore what factors have influenced the rate of reelection of MPs and Senators and how these are subsequently reflected in the personal structure of both Chambers. Using a quantitative analysis, the author tests the hypothesis that the rate of reelection will be higher in the Senate due to the majority voting system which is more personalized than the proportional one used in the Chamber of Deputies. The hypothesis was tested in the Committees analogically. Furthermore, the author tests if the current level of voter turnout influences the final election results and the rate of reelection, respectively. The text is divided into three chapters. The thesis is composed of a common structure heading from a theoretical background towards empirical analysis.

O estudo trata da gestão municipal dos recursos hídricos no Brasil e os desafios do gerenciamento participativo nos Comitês de Bacia Hidrográfica. A partir da Constituição Federal de 1988, os recursos hídricos passaram a ser de domínio exclusivamente público da União e Estados membros. Em janeiro de 1997 entrou em vigor a Lei n. 9.433/97, que instituiu a Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos e o Sistema Nacional de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos, o que mudou os paradigmas do setor, na perspectiva de implementar uma gestão sistêmica e descentralizada, levando em conta todos os elementos do ambiente e proporcionando a todos os atores sociais a possibilidade de participar do processo por meio dos Comitês de Bacia Hidrográfica. O trabalho se ocupou também, em discutir o papel do Município nesse novo modelo de gestão, já que num primeiro momento não tem a titularidade de nenhum recurso hídrico e o espaço local de discussão passou a ser o Comitê de Bacia Hidrográfica. Em julho de 2000, a Lei n. 9.984/00, criou a Agência Nacional de Águas, que tem como missão implementar a Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos e o Sistema Nacional de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos, em articulação com os demais membros desse sistema. Finalmente analisa a relação entre o Município e os Comitês de Bacia Hidrográfica, no que diz respeito a sua participação e possíveis conflitos de competência. / The study approaches the municipal management of the water resources in Brazil and the challenges of the participative management in the Committees of Hydrographic Basin. From the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil of 1988, the water resources had started to be of exclusively public domain of the Union and States members. In January of 1997, the Law nº 9.433/97 that instituted the National Politics of Water Resources and the National System of Water Resources Management was approved, what changed the paradigms of the sector, in the perspective to implement a systemic and decentralized management, taking in account all the elements of the environment and providing to all the social actors the possibility to participate of the process by means of the Committees of Hydrographic Basin. This work also discusses the City´s role in this new model of management, since at a first moment it does not have the title of the water resource and the responsible started to be the Committee of Hydrographic Basin. In July of 2000, Law nº 9.984/00, created the National Water Agency, which has as mission to implement the National Politics of Water Resources and the National System of Water Resources Management, in joint with the other members of this system. Finally, it analyzes the relation between the City and the Committees of Hydrographic Basin, concerning its participation and possible concurrent jurisdictions.