The purpose of this study is to examine the sender’s credibility on the social media platform Instagram since the new phenomenon robot-influencer has begun to interact on the platform. The purpose of the study is to increase the knowledge of the sender's communicative credibility based on the young adults' view on Instagram's different influences, human as robot. The robot-influencer that is used in this study’s survey is Lil Miquela and the human influencer Lovette via the account action4humanity_se. A qualitative research method consisting of two group interviews is used to clarify seven participants different personal and private views on the sender's importance on Instagram. The theoretical concepts used in the study are digital intimacy, including concepts of mediated quasi-interaction, symbolic power and the theory of trust. Our study shows that the personal perspective is important for what the participants consider as a credible sender. The participants consider that the communication of a robot-influencer is credible in collaboration with companies or organizations but not credible in human domains such as skin care.

This study investigates health care providers’ perceptions and practice in culturally sensitive care. 8 in-depth interviews were conducted with health care providers that lasted an average of 25 minutes. The findings revealed that health care providers tend to understand culturally sensitive care within the patient-centered care perspective. Their practice of culturally sensitive care is partially limited by language barriers, cultural barriers, and limited trainings in cultural sensitivity, while interpreting services, verbal and nonverbal communication strategies, collaborations with colleagues and self-education promote their practice of it. These findings underscore the importance of acknowledging health care providers’ influences in promoting culturally sensitive care, and the necessity of offering adequate amount of teachings and trainings in cultural sensitivity at health care programs and hospitals.

This is a two-part study that investigated university students’ comfort with instructors’ nonverbal immediacy behaviors in a college classroom. A sample of 289 participants was drawn from a regional university in the Midwest. The participants were asked to respond to an instrument designed to measure the students’ comfort with an instructors’ nonverbal immediacy behaviors. In the first study, the results do not support the hypothesis that males are significantly more comfortable with immediacy behaviors than female students. The results also do not support the hypotheses that students of both sexes will be more comfortable with immediacy behaviors from female instructors than male instructors,or that of the four possible combinations, female students with male instructors will be the least comfortable with immediacy behaviors. In the second study, the results suggest that student gender does not have a significant effect on students’ comfort with instructor immediacy behaviors.

The research conducted in ‘The Internal podcast’ aims to answer how podcast could be used for internal communication in organizations and what its weakness and strength is. The study has gathered theories such as storytelling, affordance and sensemaking and combined them into a unique framework for this study. Based on multimodal analysis we have studied three podcasts content and content design to help answer the questions of the study. The three podcasts: Kackellackan, Fast forward and Radio Samhall all have their coworkers as the primary target group. From these podcasts the study analyzed at a total of 60 episodes (20 from each podcast). The results showed that all three podcasts have different content design that suggests multiple possibilities for organizations to form the content for their own needs. Because of its intimate and close character, it also suggests a usefulness for sensemaking in organizational changes. But one of the weaknesses that the result pointed at is the lack of interaction between producer and listener, because one key part in empowerment is the possibility for feedback.

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Background: Telenursing has rapidly expanded in many countries. In Sweden, a national telephone advisory nursing service reaches the entire nation and receives approximately 4,5 million calls per year. The six phase nursing process – assessment, nursing diagnosis, setting goals, planning, implementation and evaluation – can be used when managing a caller’s health problem. In telenursing, a person-centred approach makes for more satisfied and appreciative callers. The core component of interaction is the verbal communication between the telenurse and caller. Several studies have revealed the need for the development of communication competence in telenursing. Structured analyses of conversations between telenurses and callers is one way to increase telenurses’ awareness of their communication and interpersonal competence. This type of analysis requires a valid formative self-assessment tool. To evaluate communicative effectiveness, the patient perspective of the interpersonal aspects of interaction are described as a necessary component, and satisfaction surveys designed for a telenursing context are recommended. Therefore, a questionnaire is needed that evaluates the effects of telenurse communication training from the caller’s perspective. Aims: The overall aim of these two studies was to develop tools to enable improvements and evaluations in communication and interpersonal competence in telenursing from the perspective of both the telenurse and the caller. Study 1: To develop a self-assessment tool aiming to raise telenurses’ awareness of their communication and interpersonal competence and highlight areas in need of improvement. Study 2: To develop and assess content validity of a theoretically anchored questionnaire that explores caller satisfaction in TAN as a result of the interaction between the caller and the telenurse. Methods: Study 1: The development and the evaluation of content validity of the Telenursing Self-Assessment Tool (TSAT) started with a literature search and domain identification, which were used to generate the items. The assessment of the content validity was performed in two steps. First, an expert group completed two rounds of assessments using Content Validity Index (CVI). Second, telenurses tested the tool and assessed the content validity using CVI. Thereafter, the telenurses participated in consensus discussions. Refinements of the tool were done after every assessment. Study 2: The development and the evaluation of content validity of the Telenursing Interaction and Satisfaction Questionnaire (TISQ) started with a literature search and domain identification, which were used to generate the items. The assessment of the content validity was performed in two steps. First, cognitive interviews were performed with the callers, the target population. Next, experts evaluated the content validity using CVI. Refinements of the tool were done after every assessment. The Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior (IMCHB) provided theoretical guidance and support. Results: Study 1: The TSAT with 58 items was developed. The items were structured according to the nursing process and the tool was judged as having good content validity. Study 2: The TISQ consisting of 60 items based on the IMCHB was developed. The questionnaire was found to exhibit good content validity. Conclusions: This thesis describes the development and assessment of content validity of two theoretically anchored tools aimed to improve and evaluate communication and interpersonal competence in telenursing from the perspective of both the telenurse and the caller. The TSAT is meant to create learning opportunities, to provide self-direction, feedback, and coaching, and to guide the telenurse through the nursing process using a person-centred approach. The TISQ aims to explore the callers’ satisfaction and the callers’ perceptions of the interaction with the telenurse. With better knowledge about this, communication improvement and education in telenursing can be tailored to enhance caller satisfaction. / <p>The series name <em>Linköping University Medical Thesis</em> on the title page in the thesis is incorrect. The correct series name is <em>Linköping studies in health sciences. Thesis</em>.</p>

Rugby, an intensely physical team game that emphasised the contribution of players of disparate skills and strengths, was ideal for New Zealand's early European pioneers. It also suited the nature of the indigenous people. Rugby club competitions and provincial matches provided a significant social fulcrum and a means of playing out regional rivalries. Arduous, but ultimately successful rugby tours to Britain and Ireland, brought Pakeha and Maori together and helped to shape the young colony's self-image. New Zealand's commitment to its national game became instrumental in rugby's steadily growing international popularity.Although rugby had significant commercial appeal, it remained an amateur sport in deference to its British originators. Nevertheless, New Zealand's hosting of the inaugural Rugby World Cup in 1987 coincided with the development of global media networks. By the third Rugby World Cup tournament in 1995, substantial commercial interest in the game meant that a transition to a professional structure was inevitable. Rugby appealed to media conglomerates needing new televisual product that would attract subscribers to growing pay-TV networks.Although the introduction of professionalism was a major commercial success, the commercial imperatives imposed allowed rugby to be dominated by those with the most financial and player resources. As a consequence, New Zealand's traditional advantages were diluted. This generated considerable tension between New Zealand's professional game and its amateur grassroots level that has been rugby's traditional base. While supplying the game's players and supporters, grassroots rugby has been the level of the game most vulnerable to the negative impact of professionalisation.To generate the income to adequately fund the game's grassroots, it is critical that New Zealand's leading teams remain among the world's best. However, the professionalisation of rugby has made winning far more difficult than ever before. New Zealand rugby's challenge is to mitigate the commercial imperatives that place it at a significant disadvantage in the international game.

This thesis is about storytelling. It is presented in three parts, a major output with two supporting components. The first and primary section is the short film. The second is an exhibition of images, props, and environments created for the work. The third is the exegesis. Situated as creative practice, the project tests and develops structural and aesthetic hypotheses in the creation of a non-spoken film text. These hypotheses are shaped by considerations from two areas.The first is design for narrative music video. An analysis of selected texts leads to a creative reconsideration of the role and profile of imagery, space, time, sound, enigma, closure, and narrative voice. The second area is typography. Reflecting on the anti-language, bogspeak, and the culture that has given rise to its development, the thesis develops inaudible typographical voices that operate as narrative contributions to the film.These two areas of consideration support a unique way of telling stories. This is significant because emerging uses of short film now take these texts beyond the theatre. They are marketed as commercially available stories in their own right. As distribution companies are formatting them on DVDs, viewers are seeing these stories not once, but many times. It is useful therefore, for the design of such texts to consider alternative methods of narration that might work to preserve the durability and complexity of their stories as they unravel over repeated screenings.

<p>”Burberry - En studie om byggandet och profileringen av ett varumärke utifrån visuell metodologi” är skriven av Charlotte Wennström, student på institutionen för journalistik, medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap på Stockholms universitet.</p><p>I denna uppsats analyseras den visuella framställningen av ett varumärke i reklamannonser sända av Burberry under hösten 2009 respektive våren 2010. Uppsatsen undersöker huruvida stereotypa framställningar av varumärket speglas i bildmaterialet utifrån semiotisk analys, vad det avser att förmedla och till vilken målgrupp. Arbetet genomförs med hjälp av bildanalys som är en kvalitativ metod. Uppsatsen utgår ifrån de semiotiska begreppen denotation och konnotation. I arbetet används också kvalitativa intervjuer. Dessa metoder används för att analysera det empiriska materialet dvs. reklamannonser. Intentionen med denna uppsats är att belysa framställningen och uppbyggnadsaspekten av ett etablerat varumärke i samtida reklamannonser. Samtliga annonser som undersöktes porträtterade omprofilering, former av stereotypisering och märkesproduktens kärnvärde. Jag kom fram till slutsatsen att varumärkets framställning genom det urval jag hade är ett lyckad och framgångsrik metod för att nå önskad målgrupp och visualisera sitt varumärkes profil.</p>

<p>Sociala medier på har det senaste decenniet exploderat på internet. Idag kan läsaren interagera med producenten till informationen på ett helt annat sätt än tidigare. Möjligheterna till att kommentera webbartiklar, deltaga i internetforum och lägga upp egna videos präglar numera vårt sätt att dels söka information, dels producera material. Sajter som exempelvis YouTube.com konkretiserar detta faktum genom att erbjuda dess användare en möjlighet att inte bara ta del av valfritt material, utan att påverka och förändra sidans prägel och vad den står för. Den övergripande problemställningen är följaktligen hur interaktivitet och informationssökande fungerar inom moderna sociala medier. Vi har valt att använda oss av webbsidorna YouTube.com och 11433.net som utgångspunkt i denna uppsats.</p><p>Syftet med denna uppsats är således att undersöka hur privatpersoner konsumerar och reproducerar information inom två olika sociala medier. Ambitionen har varit att hitta en djup insikt hur unga människor använder sig av sociala medier i sitt vardagliga liv. Detta har vi gjort genom att tillämpa en kvalitativ intervjustudie som har bestått av en pilotintervju och två fokusgruppsintervjuer. Materialet från respondenterna analyseras sedan tematisk utifrån våra frågeställningar och vi som författare anser väsentligt i förhållande till ovan nämnda syfte. Våra data förankras i teoretiska ramar bestående av resonemang kring såväl kommunikationsprocesser och olika offentlighetsbegrepp, som teser rörande medieteknologins ständiga föränderlighet.</p><p>Resultatet av vår analys var utan tvivel varierat, men diskussionerna som respondenterna förde handlade främst om det utbytet av tjänster som sker mellan användarna. De påpekade ofta att det var informationssökandet så allt som oftast låg till grund för deras nyttjande av webbplatserna. Variationen av producenter och material som cirkulerar fann de som huvudanledning till detta. De intressanta i detta är att respondenterna ofta upplevde att de avstod från interaktivitet även om de sociala medier de själva var en del av erbjöd just detta. Uppsatsen kom därför mer att handla om den vidgade distributionsprocess som sociala medier skapar, än den ökade produktiviteten hos deras användare.</p>