Bakgrund: Antalet vårdplatser på särskilda boenden och i slutenvården har alltjämt minskat under de senaste decennierna. Samtidigt har vårdtiderna i slutenvården blivit kortare. Detta har inneburit att hemsjukvården utökats och blivit allt mer avancerad, en trend som ser ut att fortsätta. Då distriktssköterskan i hemsjukvården är ansvarig för samordning och att stödja vårdtagaren i kontakt med vård och omsorg kan detta kan innebära att hennes arbete påverkas.  Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva distriktssköterskans uppfattning om framtida utmaningar i arbetet inom hemsjukvården.  Metod: En kvalitativ studie genomfördes där 15 personliga intervjuer genomfördes med personer med anställning som distriktssköterskor i hemsjukvården. Intervjumaterialet analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.  Resultat: Följande tre kategorier framkom: Förändrade vårdbehov, Förändrade samordningsbehov och Förändrade kunskapsbehov. Resultatet visar att distriktssköterskorna uppfattar att det finns behov av utveckling och förändring både inom hemsjukvården och mellan vårdinstanser för att tillmötesgå den framtida vårdtagarens förändrade vårdbehov.  Slutsats: Distriktssköterskorna uppfattar stora förändringar i arbetet inom hemsjukvården framöver, de ses både som positiva men i vissa fall som mindre lätthanterliga utmaningar. Det är av vikt att distriktssköterskorna medverkar och bidrar med sin kunskap och sina idéer i utformningen av framtidens hemsjukvård. / Background: The number of beds in nursing homes and in the inpatient care have continued to decline during the latter decades. In addition, the stay in inpatient care has become shorter. These changes have resulted in that an increased number of patients are getting care at home and in that the care provided at home is getting increasingly advanced. This scenario is likely to prevail. The work of the district nurse may change due to the fact that the district nurse working with patients getting care at home is responsible for coordination and support of the interaction between the patient and health care organizations. Aim: To describe, from the view of the district nurse, future challenges in home care related work. Method: A qualitative study was performed. Fifteen interviews were conducted with persons hired as district nurses for home care. The outcome of the interviews where analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. Result: The following three categories were discovered: Changes in care requirement, Changes in cooperation requirement and Changes in knowledge requirement. The result show that the district nurse believes that developments and changes are required in home care as well as between care institutes in order to meet changing needs in care from future patients. Conclusion: The district nurses see great changes in the future work related to home care. These changes are mainly viewed as positive changes, but to some extent more difficult challenges are also recognized. It is important that the district nurses contribute with knowledge and ideas in the forming of the future home care.

This project examines midwifery in the precolonial setting, the nature of Christian missionary activities in Southeastern Nigeria, the colonial process of erecting the maternity, and the collaborations between traditional and Western midwives. The colonial history of Nigeria can be traced to 1885 when British claims to a West African sphere of influence received international recognition. However it was not until 1900, following the British government's acquisition of the Royal Niger Company's territories, that Nigeria was officially considered a British colony. Nonetheless, the groundwork of colonial rule in Southeastern Nigeria predated these eras and is attributed to the establishment of the London-based Church Missionary Society (CMS) at Onitsha in 1857, followed by the Roman Catholic Missions (RCM) in 1885. The rivalry that ensued between them led to the development of a medical mission and the launching of the Western maternity in Southeastern Nigeria, undermining traditional childbirth practices, and providing new forms of training and facilities for a new class of midwives. / text

Darbo tikslas: išanalizuoti bendruomenės slaugytojų profesines problemas ir parengti šių problemų sprendimo gaires. Uždaviniai: 1. Identifikuoti bendruomenės slaugytojų profesines problemas realizuojant skirtingus profesinius vaidmenis. 2. Nustatyti bendruomenės slaugytojų požiūrį į problemų sprendimo būdus. 3. Pateikti bendruomenės slaugytojų profesinėje veikloje išryškėjusių problemų sprendimo gaires. Tyrimo metodika: Tyrimo objektas – slaugytojų profesinės problemos. Tyrimo metodas – anoniminė anketinė bendruomenės slaugytojų apklausa (N=285). Tyrimo statistiniai duomenys buvo apdoroti programine įranga (SPSS for Windows 13.0). Hipotezės apie dviejų požymių nepriklausomumą buvo tikrinamos naudojant Chi kriterijų (χ2), laisvės laipsnių skaičių (lls) bei reikšmingumą (p). Procentinių dydžių poriniai palyginimai atlikti taikant z kriterijų. Rodiklių skirtumai laikyti statistiškai reikšmingais, kai p<0,05. Rezultatai. Dauguma slaugytojų (68,1 proc.) yra patenkinti savo darbu. Nepasitenkinimą darbe dažniausiai sukelia mažas darbo užmokestis (77,4 proc.), slaugytojų pripažinimo trūkumas (74,3 proc.), didelis darbo krūvis (50,4 proc.), savarankiškumo trūkumas (35,3 proc.). Savarankiškumo trūkumą dažniau akcentuoja didesnį darbo stažą turintys slaugytojai. Nepatenkinti karjeros galimybėmis yra 11,4 proc. visų respondentų, mažai patenkinti – 18,7 proc. Daugiausia nepatenkintų karjeros galimybėmis yra žemiausią ir aukščiausią išsilavinimą turinčių respondentų grupėse. 35,1 proc... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the study is to analyze the occupational problems of community nurses and prepare guidelines for the solution of these problems. Objectives of the study are the following: 1. To identify the occupational problems of community nurses in the process of realization of different occupational roles. 2. To determine the attitude of the community nurses towards the ways of problem solutions. 3. To present guidelines for the solution of problems appearing in the occupational activity of community nurses. The methodology of the research is the following: The object of the research is the occupational problems of nurses. The method of the research is an anonymous questionnaire survey of community nurses (N = 25). The data of the research was processed by software (SPSS for Windows 13.0). The hypotheses about the dependence of two features were checked using the Chi criteria (χ2), the number of freedom degrees (lls) and significance (p). The paired comparisons of percentages were made using the z criteria. The differences of indicators were assumed as statistically significant, as p<0,05. Results. The majority of the nurses (68,1 per cent) is satisfied with their work. Dissatisfaction at work is usually evoked by low salary (77,4 per cent), the lack of appreciation of nurses (74.3 per cent), big work load (50,4 per cent) and lack of independence (35,3 per cent). The lack of independence is usually emphasized by nurses who have greater length of service. 11,4 per cent of... [to full text]

SUMMARY Management of Public Health JOB SATISFACTION AMONG COMMUNITY NURSES Danutė Adomavičiūtė Supervisor Jurgita Vladičkienė, Dr.Sc., Department of Social medicine. Faculty of Public Health, Kaunas University of Medicine.- Kaunas, 2005.- P.71 Primary health care is a priority field of health care in Lithuania. Community nursing as a part of primary health care meets with development difficulties. First of all, is paid too few attention to community nurses, in primary health care institutions is a shortage of them, but customers wishes more of community nurses lent services. Aim of the study is to investigate job satisfaction level among community nurses in Kaunas primary health care institutions. Objectives are to evaluate general job satisfaction level among community nurses, to establish relationship between job satisfaction and work factors, and relationship between job satisfaction and nurse’s efforts better to work, to establish needs of community nurses. Methods. Object of study is community nurse’s job satisfaction. A sample of 174 nurses was questioned with the aid of anonymous questionnaire. Statistic data reliability was tested by Chi square test of independence, degrees of freedom quantity (df) and statistical significance (α=0,05). Results. There was established, that 60,3% nurses are content with their own job and 39,7% - unsatisfied. Calculated common average of job satisfaction grade was 2,63 (±0,770), by evaluating in scale from 1 to 4 (where 1 is... [to full text]

Darbo tikslas: Įvertinti bendruomenės slaugytojų darbo organizavimą slaugant visiškos negalios pacientus Kauno rajone ir Kauno mieste. Uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti bendruomenės slaugytojų darbo krūvius slaugant visiškos negalios pacientus. 2. Įvertinti bendruomenės slaugytojų darbo sąlygas slaugant visiškos negalios pacientus. 3. Palyginti bendruomenės slaugytojų darbo krūvius, darbo sąlygas tarp atskirų sveikatos priežiūros institucijų. Tyrimo metodika. 2012 m. gruodžio – 2013 m. sausio mėn. atlikta anoniminė bendruomenės slaugytojų apklausa 4 Kauno miesto ir rajono PSPC. Atliekant tyrimą, buvo išdalintos 98 anketos, atsakymų dažnis 93 proc. Rezultatai. Kaimo apylinkėse dirbo vyresni, turintys didesnį darbo stažą ir dirbantys didesniu darbo krūviu slaugytojai lyginant su miesto apylinkių slaugytojais. Nustatytas ryšys darbo krūvio pokyčiuose paskutinių trejų metų laikotarpyje: miesto apylinkėse dirbantys slaugytojai (77,3 proc.) nuomone darbo krūvis didėjo ir galėtų būti mažesnis, o kaimo apylinkių slaugytojų (42,0 proc.) nuomone darbo krūvis nesikeitė – jie lengvai susitvarko su paskirtomis užduotimis. Didžioji dalis bendruomenės slaugytojų dirbo su šeimos gydytojais, bet trečdalis norėtų dirbti savarankiškai. Reikšmingai didesnė dalis slaugytojų miesto apylinkėse (87,0 proc.) kabinetuose dirbo daugiau nei 4 val., o kaimo apylinkėse – iki 4 val. Statistiškai reikšmingai kaimo apylinkėse dirbantys slaugytojai aptarnauja daugiau gyventojų tiek turinčių negalią, tiek vaikų ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Research aim: to assess organization of community nurses‘ work in caring of totally disabled patients in Kaunas city and area. Objectives: 1. To assess community nurses‘ work load in caring of totally disabled patients. 2. To assess community nurses‘ work conditions in caring of totally disabled patients. 3. To compare community nurses‘ work load and work conditions among different health care institutions. Research methodic. Research was performed during December 2012 – January 2013 by spreading anonymous questionnaires for community nurses in 4 outpatient clinics. 98 questionnaires were distributed, response rate 93%. Results. Community nurses in rural area were older and with bigger work load comparing to city nurses. Connection in changes of work load during last three years was set: work load for city community nurses (77.3%) have raised and could be smaller, work load in rural area didn’t change and nurses (42.0%) easily deal with given tasks. Bigger part of community nurses work with family doctors, but one third of them would like to work independently. Statistically significantly bigger part (87.0%) of city nurses worked in cabinet more than 4 hours daily, in rural area – less than 4 hours. Statistically significantly nurses in rural are maintained more patients including disabled patients, children and one visit takes more than one hour, in city – from 30 minutes till 1 hour. Bigger part (75.8%) of nurses are satisfied with work means and statistically... [to full text]

Šeimos gydytojai ir bendruomenės slaugytojai bendradarbiaudami su šeimomis, kuriose auga vaikai su Dauno sindromu, savo praktikoje susiduria su pakankamai sudėtingomis situacijomis, kuomet tenka pasirūpinti ne tik vaiko su negalia poreikiais, bet taip pat ir visa šeima. Gimus vaikui su negalia, kai šeima yra pasimetusi ir išgyvena sunkų laikotarpį savo gyvenime, tenka į tai jautriau atsižvelgti ir stengtis jiems padėti prisitaikyti prie naujų gyvenimo sąlygų, nes nėra geresnio būdo padėti vaikui, kaip stiprinti tėvų galimybes tai padaryti jiems patiems. Specialistų bendradarbiavimas su šeima, padedant susiorientuoti pagalbos sistemoje ir atrasti tinkmiausius pagalbos būdus, yra pagrindas siekiant visapusiškos gerovės vaikui bei abipusio pasitenkinimo teikiamų paslaugų kokybe. / Family doctors and community nurses, collaborating with families raising children with Down syndrome, encounter quite complicated situations in practice, when they must take care not only for the needs of the disabled child, but for the whole family as well. After the birth of a child with a disability, when the family is confused and experiencing difficult period, there appears a great need of external sensitivity and assistance for the family to adapt to new conditions of its life, because there is no better way to help the child, as to enhance parents’ ability to do it by themselves. Professionals’ collaboration with the family, by helping to orientate in the support system and to find the most suitable ways of support, is the basis for a comprehensive welfare of the child and for mutual satisfaction with quality of services provided.

Community nursing contribution to the support of active old-age In connection with the growing tendency of the number of seniors in the Czech Republic the necessity to keep the senior generation active and self-sufficient as long as possible arises. The activities of geriatric nurses have been currently conducted by nurses of general practitioners and nurses of home-care agencies. However, in the primary care, community nurses would be of use, as they are abroad. We have ascertained what seniors themselves, the younger public but also nurses and students expect from a community nurse in the support of active old age. In the qualitative part of the research we used the technique of a semi-structured interview while in the quantitative part we used the questionnaire technique. We have managed to find answers to the research questions set out at the beginning of the research: the public expects a community nurse to provide nursing and health care together with assistance in the social field; the public expects a community nurse to focus on education in the field of a healthy lifestyle and therapeutic regimen; seniors expect broader social assistance provided by a community nurse than the younger public; financial security, healthy diet and physical activity constitute a form of preparation of the younger public for their old age; the younger public wants to be informed by a community nurse about preparation for old age. We have also confirmed the hypotheses raised by us: 1) Nurses prefer a community nurse to undertake the role of a provider of (required) care rather than the role of an educator in the support of active old age. 2) Students of the 3rd grade of study branch ``General Nurse{\crqq} of the Faculty of Health and Social Studies of the University of South Bohemia (ZSF JU) prefer a community nurse to undertake the role of an educator in the support of active old age rather than the role of a provider of (required) care. The results may serve for further researches, may be the inspiration for educational programmes and courses in the field of community care of seniors or may serve for development of community planning in the support of active old age. They will certainly contribute to a change of the view of a nurse working with a senior community.

Bakgrund: Pandemier har genom historien utgjort ett stort hot mot den globala folkhälsan och utbrottet av covid-19 innebar en ökad arbetsbelastning för hälso- och sjukvården runt om i världen. Tidigare forskning har främst beskrivit sjuksköterskors upplevelser från akut- och intensivvården, medan färre avhandlat erfarenheter sedda ur distriktssköterskans synvinkel. Syfte: Att belysa distriktssköterskornas erfarenheter av att arbeta i primärvården under covid-19 pandemin. Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie med induktiv ansats genomfördes. Deltagare var åtta distriktssköterskor med anställning i Sundsvall, Sverige. Data analyserades med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Distriktssköterskornas beskrivning av sina erfarenheter resulterade i tre kategorier: Svåra etiska ställningstaganden, Förändrat arbetssätt och Nya erfarenheter. Ur kategorierna framträdde sex underkategorier: Bemötande från patienter, Bemötande från anhöriga, Att arbeta med skyddsutrustning, Krav på flexibilitet, Behov av utbildning samt Behov av information och stöd. Slutsats: Ett bättre stöd genom tydlig information och kommunikation från ledning kan underlätta arbetsbelastningen för distriktssköterskan vid dessa utmanande tider. Att tillvarata resurser, fördela ansvar och stärka hela teamet genom mer förberedande träning samt sträva efter en trygg arbetsmiljö är viktigt. / Background: Pandemics has throughout the history posed as a threat towards the global health care and the outbreak of covid-19 meant an increased workload of the health care around the world. Previous research has mainly focused on the experiences of nurses working in the critical- and intensive care, while less has discussed the experiences from the community nurse point of view. Aim: To illustrate the experiences of community nurses working in the primary care during the covid-19 pandemic. Method: A qualitative interview study with inductive approach was implemented. Participants were eight community nurses currently working in Sundsvall, Sweden. Data was analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. Results: The community nurses’ descriptions of their experiences resulted in three categories: Difficult ethical dilemmas, Changes in the way to work and New experiences. From the categories, six subcategories emerged: Treatment from patients, Treatment from relatives, Working with personal protective equipment, Demands of flexibility, The need of education and The need of information and support. Conclusion: Improved support from the management through distinct information and communication can ease the workload of the community nurse at these challenging times. To make use of resources, distribute responsibilities and to strengthen the whole team through preparatory education and strive to make the working environment safe is important. / <p>Godkännandedatum: 2020-11-04</p>

Background: The elderly population is increasing and many of these will need palliative care in their end of life. Many of these have a wish to spend their last time in life in their own home. This leads to high demand on healthcare, and it requires a good competence by nurses in municipal home health care to be able to provide good palliative home care. Aim: The aim of this study was to illuminate nurses´ experiences of caring for the palliative patient in their own home. Method: A literature-based study in which qualitive articles were analyzed. Systematic searches were performed in the databases Cinahl and PubMed. Articles about nurses´ experiences of caring for the palliative patient were included. The study was based on 10 articles. Results: The results showed that the nurses experience that communication and collaboration with the doctor is crucial to provide good palliative care. An early established relationship with the patient and his/hers relatives is strived for in order to be able to provide the care that the patient wishes for and desires. Nurses in palliative home care need adequate knowledge and competence to help the patient, not only with the physical suffering but also with existential and mental suffering. Conclusion: Nurses in palliative home care needs more education and support to be able to fully care for the palliative patient. Nurses also need to maintain a good collaboration with all people that are involved in the patient’s care, both professionals and relatives.

An exploratory, qualitative research design was used to explore the role, attitude, views and competence of the community nurse to integrate children with disabilities into the community of the Mafikeng district, in the North West Province. Barriers to the integration of children with disabilities into the community as well as strategies to address these barriers were identified. Focus group discussions were conducted to collect data from the community nurses and parents of children with disabilities. Interviews were also conducted to collect data from the clinic health managers. The findings of this study reveal that the community nurse is instrumental in integrating children with disabilities into the community. However, barriers related to the family, community and health system are challenges to the integration process. The recommendations of this study deal with addressing these barriers. / Health Studies / M. A. (Health Studies)