Recognizing the importance of context with regard to youth agency, this study explores how 8 Black LGBTQ+ youth understand their practices of agency in ballroom culture, an underground Black LGBTQ+ culture. Ballroom was chosen as the backdrop for this scholarly endeavor because it allowed for the study of the phenomenon — Black LGBTQ+ youth agency — in a space where the youth might feel more able to be themselves, especially given that the 2019 Black LGBTQ+ youth report published by the Human Rights Campaign revealed that only 35% of Black LGBTQ+ youth reported being able to “be themselves at school” (Kahn et al., 2019). Thus, instead of asking what is wrong with schools, this study inverted the question to explore what is “right” about ballroom culture in which Black LGBTQ+ youth might practice different kinds of agency due to their intersectional racial and LGBTQ+ identities being recognized and celebrated. Framed by the youth’s understanding of their own agency across different contexts, my research illuminates the complex interrelationships between youth agency, social identity, and context. Extending the literature on youth agency and Black LGBTQ+ youth, the findings of this study suggest that in many ways these youth are always already practicing agency to work toward different ends, and that these different end goals are greatly mediated by the contexts in which they find themselves. In making connections between the ways Black LGBTQ+ youth feel liberated within ballroom space to use their agency to explore and affirm their identities outside socially constructed norms, the findings of this study point to new opportunities for education research, practice, and policy to learn from ballroom culture about how to better invite Black LGBTQ+ youth into schools in humane and educative ways, encourage their agentive imaginations within education spaces, and promote liberatory school environments that recognize and embrace these youth’s intersectional identities.

The dissertation deals with sport swimming in the Czech lands and in Czechoslovakia in the interwar period, specifically in the period of the so-called First Republic. However, the work dates back to the beginning of the 19th century, when the first, especially river, swimming pools began to be established in our territory, which were first used for swimming training of soldiers, and only at the end of the 19th century did the general public learn to swim and there are also the first swimming competitions. The greatest development of sport swimming in our territory occurred only after the First World War, when the Czechoslovak Amateur Swimming Association was founded and it sought maximum organizational, financial and material support for swimming. Our swimmers achieved the best swimming performances in the 1920s, when they were able to compete with the European swimming powers. However, they did not have the world's top swimming, which was also seen at the Olympic Games in 1920, 1924, 1928 and 1936. In the early 1930s, the performance of our swimmers began to stagnate, which could be attributed to the fact that in other countries swimming was supported in all respects, but this was not the case in the Czechoslovak Republic, from the very beginning of sport swimming in our territory. Keywords:...

Title: Doping Cases in Czech Sport Objectives: The main goal of this work is to analyze doping cases in the Czech Republic by doping findings in terms of doping substances and methods, other doping offense, sport, nature of sampling, sanctions, and gender. Then compare the results with the statistics of doping cases in the world. The purpose is to collect, compare, then process and clarify the current statistics doping cases. Methods: To create work were used document analysis, text interpretation, comparison, collection of data, information and subsequent processing. Results: Among the athletes were punished the most abused group of anabolic substances. The largest representation of all groups detected substances were marijuana and testosterone. Among many other anti-doping rule violations included failing to submit to doping control. Most of doping cases were detected in bodybuilding. Individual athletes were compared with the collective prone to doping. In team sports doping was most widespread among volleyball players, football players and hockey players. Athletes were tested more than the competition out of the competition. The most common punishment for violation of anti-doping rules was two years Ineligibility. The highest rate was granted a lifetime Ineligibility. The men were compared with...

Title: Doping Cases in Czech Sport Objectives: The main goal of this work is to analyze doping cases in the Czech Republic by doping findings in terms of doping substances and methods, other doping offense, sport, nature of sampling, sanctions, and gender. Then compare the results with the statistics of doping cases in the world. The purpose is to collect, compare, then process and clarify the current statistics doping cases. Methods: To create work were used document analysis, text interpretation, comparison, collection of data, information and subsequent processing. Results: Among the athletes were punished the most abused group of anabolic substances. The largest representation of all groups detected substances were marijuana and testosterone. Among many other anti-doping rule violations included failing to submit to doping control. Most of doping cases were detected in bodybuilding. Individual athletes were compared with the collective prone to doping. In team sports doping was most widespread among volleyball players, football players and hockey players. Athletes were tested more than the competition out of the competition. The most common punishment for violation of anti-doping rules was two years Ineligibility. The highest rate was granted a lifetime Ineligibility. The men were compared with...

Os Jogos Escolares Brasileiros (JEBs) são um evento esportivo competitivo de esporte escolar que são realizados desde 1969. No decorrer de sua história, os JEBs foram sendo reformulados e gerenciados por diferentes agentes e instituições governamentais. A partir de 2005, o Comitê Olímpico Brasileiro (COB) passou a ser o principal organizador, contando ainda com o apoio do Ministério do Esporte (ME) e das Organizações Globo (OG). Esse novo cenário apontou para uma possível modernização desses eventos. Considerando esse nova fase, estabelecemos como objetivo central desse estudo: analisar o desenvolvimento dos Jogos Escolares Brasileiros no período entre 2005 e 2014, sob o ponto de vista do seu modelo de organização e das dinâmicas de agentes, instituições e estruturas envolvidas. Visando atender ao objetivo proposto, o presente estudo trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa, com dados advindos de documentos (Regulamentos Gerais dos JEBs; Boletins oficiais de resultados finais; revista publicada pelo COB) e entrevistas (dois agentes do ME e um do COB). Para análise dos dados apropriamo-nos de estudos que discutem o campo esportivo na contemporaneidade, bem como, os pressupostos teórico-metodológicos de Pierre Bourdieu e sua Teoria dos Campos. A partir dos resultados dessa pesquisa, nota-se que os JEBs no período de 2005 a 2014 apresentaram diversos sintomas de modernização, como a garantia de financiamento; a ampliação do número de alunos e escolas atendidos; o aumento no número de modalidades; a modernização das instalações, tanto em termos de competição esportiva, quanto em termos de alojamento das delegações; a projeção internacional do evento, de alunos e professores envolvidos; a exigência técnica e padronizada, atendendo às instituições reguladoras; a inserção de atividades que abordam temas globais mais amplos como a sustentabilidade; e a presença da mídia na veiculação dos JEBs e a consequente abertura para a entrada de patrocinadores. No entanto, notamos que o rendimento esportivo permaneceu como pano de fundo legitimador, sustentando a antiga crença do esporte escolar como o “redentor” do esporte brasileiro. No discurso dos agentes há uma forte tendência à ideia de talento esportivo e da formação de uma base para o topo do alto rendimento, fato que aponta para um subcampo dominado pelo campo do esporte. Desse modo, esses eventos tem se configurado pela reprodução de modelos do esporte de rendimento, demonstrando uma reprodução de estruturas de poder. Assim, o trabalho avança no sentido de que os JEBs no período de 2005 a 2014 transitam entre a modernização e a reprodução, uma “modernização conservadora” ou uma “reprodução modernizada”. / The Brazilian School Games (JEBs) are a competitive sports event held since 1969. Throughout its history, JEBs have been redesigned and managed by different government agencies and institutions. Since 2005, the Brazilian Olympic Committee (COB) has become the main organizer, with the support of the Ministry of Sport (ME) and Globo Organizations (OG). This new scenario pointed to a possible modernization of these events. Considering this new phase, we established as a central objective of this study: to analyze the development of the Brazilian School Games in the period between 2005 and 2014, from the point of view of its organizational model and the dynamics of agents, institutions and structures involved. In order to meet the proposed objective, the present study is a qualitative and quantitative research, with data from documents (JEBs’ General Regulations, official final results bulletins, journal published by the COB) and interviews (two agents from ME and one from COB). In order to analyze the data, we take advantage of studies that discuss the field of sport in the contemporary world, as well as the theoretical-methodological assumptions of Pierre Bourdieu and his Theory of Fields. From the results of this research, it is noted that the JEBs in the period from 2005 to 2014 presented several symptoms of modernization, such as the guarantee of financing; The expansion of the number of students and schools attended; The increase in the number of modalities; The modernization of facilities, both in terms of sports competition, and in terms of hosting delegations; The international projection of the event, of students and teachers involved; The technical and standardized requirement, taking care of the regulatory institutions; The insertion of activities that address broader global themes such as sustainability; And the presence of the media in the placement of the JEBs and the consequent opening for the entry of sponsors. However, we noticed that sports performance remained a legitimating background, sustaining the old belief of school sport as the "redeemer" of Brazilian sport. In the agent discourse there is a strong tendency towards the idea of sports talent and the formation of a base for the top of the high income, a fact that points to a subfield dominated by the field of sports. Thus, these events have been configured by the reproduction of models of the sport of yield, demonstrating a reproduction of structures of power. Thus, the work progresses in the sense that the JEBs between 2005 and 2014 transition between modernization and reproduction, a "conservative modernization" or a "modernized reproduction".

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-11-09T11:20:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariza de Paula Dias Coelho.pdf: 1957287 bytes, checksum: 7282573bf010dd9bc45e821868e3ce67 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-09T11:20:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariza de Paula Dias Coelho.pdf: 1957287 bytes, checksum: 7282573bf010dd9bc45e821868e3ce67 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-15 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This study aims to study how the first public competitions for teachers of the primary level of public education in the city of São Paulo occurred in order to investigate elements related to the rituals in the first tender processes for schools in the years 1892, 1893, 1894. The privileged sources for this purpose and elaboration of the dissertation are the regulations of public instruction, educational legislation produced by the provinces, more specifically that of São Paulo, reports of the provincial presidents, pertinent authors that approach the theme, laws, decrees but mainly documentation required for the registration and the written tests and answered by the candidates. From the theoretical considerations of Vicentini and Lugli (2009) that discuss the importance of professional consolidation of the teacher, and present the tender process as one of these elements. It seeks to analyze this action within the complex set of appointments for public education in the period. As a result, it is understood that there were different ways of recruiting teachers for primary schools in São Paulo. About the rituals there is a great appeal about the candidate's morality and suitability, as evidenced in the pilgrimage through the search of the documents for the inscription / Esta pesquisa de objetiva estudar de que maneira ocorreu a execução dos primeiros concursos públicos para professores do nível primário da instrução pública na cidade de São Paulo, a fim de investigar elementos relativos aos rituais nos primeiros processos de concurso para as escolas, nos anos 1892,1893,1894. As fontes privilegiadas para este objetivo e elaboração da dissertação são os regulamentos de instrução pública, legislação educacional produzida pelas províncias, mais especificamente a de São Paulo, relatórios dos presidentes provinciais, autores pertinentes que abordam o tema, leis, decretos, mas principalmente a documentação requerida para a inscrição e as provas escritas e respondidas pelos candidatos. A partir das considerações teóricas de Vicentini e Lugli (2009) que discutem a importância da consolidação profissional do docente, e apresentam o processo de concurso como um desses elementos. Busca-se analisar essa ação dentro do complexo jogo de provimentos de cargos para a instrução pública no período. Como resultado, compreende-se que havia diferentes formas de recrutamento de professores para as escolas primárias paulistas. Sobre os rituais percebe-se um grande apelo em torno da moral e da idoneidade do candidato, de modo evidenciado na peregrinação pela busca dos documentos para a inscrição

事業採行贈品贈獎促銷活動時其動機除追求利潤極大化外，無外乎是要自市場競爭對手吸引交易相對人與其交易；若事業所提供之贈品或贈獎之價值過高，意圖藉此將競爭者逐出市場，或者是阻礙潛在競爭者進入市場，係屬於「顯失公平」之不公平競爭行為，應受公平交易法之規範，且由於贈品贈獎最主要之經濟性質為減價以促銷原產品，當贈品贈獎之價值過高時，此時提供贈品贈獎之事業就有可能涉及不公平競爭。 本研究論文以我國公平交易法對事業採行贈品贈獎促銷行為規範為出發，就104年修法前之案例探討及修法後之新發展，分別作案例分析及事業對新法條的看法調查。案例分析的部分，以個別案例事實、公平委員會處分理由進行評析；在事業對新法條的看法調查上，則採用實證研究，以問卷調查方式，收集整理受訪者意見，並就所得數據進行統計分析、檢定，所得結論與建議，期能提供後續研究者及公平委員會未來制定相關法條、辦法之參考。 / The intention to conduct the promotion of gift-away (gifts) and/or awards (prizes) is mainly to maximize the profits for the enterprises. In addition, it is also in the consideration where to solicit the customers to deal the business transactions from the competitors. The enterprise provides promotional gift and/or prizes of which the values are extremely high, and its initiative in origin is to kick-out the competitor from the market, or prevent any new marketers’ entries. These behaviors are so called “unfair” and shall be governed by the Fair Trade Act. In addition, the objectives of conducting gifts and/or prizes promotions are mainly to promote the sales by discounting the selling prices under the economics essential. Once the value of the gifts and/or prizes is extremely high, it would be potentially involve of the unfair competition. This study is made in accordance with Fair Trade Act in the area of enterprise’s campaigns of promotional gifts and/or prizes. It covers both cases studies of Business Guidance as issued by Fair Trade Commission in before 2015 and new development immediately after the amendments promulgated on February 4, 2015. As for cases study, it was done by analyzing the case facts, Business Guidance as issued by the Fair Trade Commission. As for the enterprises’ view on the new development of the amendments, this study adopt a survey solicited the feed backs for analysis. Based on the survey results, the report ended with conclusions and suggestions where could give some ideas for further studies as well as helps Fair Trade commission to proceed new amendments in the near future.

Amakwaya refers to the tradition and performance practice of choirs in South Africa that emerged from the mission-schools in the nineteenth century and is manifest today in the annual competitions held by various Teachers' Associations or company-sponsored events like the National Choir Festival. This choral practice, combining Western music styles with African tradition, bears the marks - both social and aesthetic - of colonial and missionary influences, and is closely linked to the emerging black middle class, their process of negotiating identity, and their later quest for a national culture. Many aspects of contemporary amakwaya performance practice, it is argued, including the recent interest of many members of the amakwaya community in opera, can be understood through an analysis of the social dimensions of these choirs. Particular attention is given to the role played by competitions and the sectionalised repertoire. The criticisms made in this regard flow from an understanding of the social meaning and aesthetic thrust of the tradition, from the author's practical involvement with the choirs, and from extensive discussions with choristers and conductors. The first part of the thesis is concerned with identifying the role played by European values such as those of education and progress, in the self-understanding of the emerging missioneducated black South African elite in the second half of the nineteenth century. An initial tendency towards uncritical imitation and attempts at assimilation ended in the experience of rejection by the settler community and isolation. It was followed, in the last quarter of the nineteenth century, by a complex negotiation between traditional and modern values. With political, social and economic mobility restricted in white South Africa, the black middle class turned towards artistic expression such as choral singing in order to define and express a distinctively African concept of civilisation. In this process, amakwaya performance developed into a powerful means whereby class identity and consciousness could be constructed and communicated. The second part looks into the framework of amakwaya, and at the mission schools and colleges they attended and the competitions they organise. As a result of the practice of hymn singing, participation in a choir soon became an important part of the leisure time activities of the early mission converts. This formative phase of amakwaya is illustrated in a case study of one of the most influential schools in Natal, Adams College, near Amanzimtoti, where the first black South African School of Music was established. In order to promote the values important to the missionaries as well as their converts - discipline, progress, and success - competitions were encouraged at the mission stations. These became models for the competitions which today are the main feature of amakwaya practice. The voices of various members of the community are used to present a critical evaluation of the positive and negative aspects of present-day competitions. The last part of the thesis concentrates on amakwaya repertoire, particularly as it is represented at important choral competitions such as the National Choir Festival. This part also attempts to facilitate an understanding of the genesis, structure and aesthetic of the sectionalised repertoire, which consists of neo-traditional songs, Western compositions, and choral works composed by mission-educated musicians. Strict adherence to the sectionalised repertoire is a unique feature of amakwaya performance practice to the present day. / Thesis (Ph.D.-Music)-University of Natal, 2002.

Sporto varžybų organizavimo ir valdymo aspektai jojimo sporto šakos varžybų pavyzdžiu Organization and managing aspects of sport competition: The sample of the horse jumping competition Raktiniai žodžiai: varžybų organizavimas, varžybų valdymas Darbo objektas: jojimo sporto šakos (kliūtinio jojimo) Lietuvos Taurės IV etapo varžybų organizavimo ir valdymo aspektai Darbo tikslas - Nustatyti sporto varžybų organizavimo ir valdymo aspektus jojimo sporto šakos varžybų pavyzdžiu. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Apibrėžti sporto renginių ir varžybų sampratą 2. Išanalizuoti organizacinius renginių ir sporto varžybų teorinius aspektus; 3. Išanalizuoti renginių ir sporto varžybų valdymo patirtį; 4. Atlikti jojimo sporto šakos (kliūtinio jojimo) analizę varžybų organizavimo aspektu; 5. Atlikti jojimo sporto šakos (kliūtinio jojimo) analizę varžybų valdymo aspektu. Išvados: 1. Sporto varžybų organizavimas ir valdymas – tai veiklos ir procesai nukreipti į varžybų tikslų pasiekimą. 2. Sporto renginio organizavimo aspektai apima renginių organizavimo analizes, suvokimą, numatomo rinkos tikslo nustatymą, koordinacijos sistemų, politikos ir procedūrų planavimą ir renginio pravedimą. 3. Sporto renginių valdymo patirtis pateikia analizes, nukreiptas į efektyvių problemų sprendimų metodų paiešką, bei efektyvių strategijų kūrimą valdant sporto renginius. 4. Keturiais analizuotais varžybų organizavimo aspektais varžybų organizavimas yra tinkamas. Trimis analizuotais organizavimo aspektais varžybų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Organization and managing aspects of sport competition: The sample of the horse jumping competition.

We present several possible forms of mathematical competitions for University students. One of them is Blitz Mathematical Olympiad. It is a team competition, when all teams receive the same problem and are allotted 10-15 minutes to come up with a solution. This cycle is repeated 6-8 times with different problems. Modern Internet technologies allow us to organize Blitz Mathematical Olympiads for the teams which are in different cities and even countries.