Este trabalho está inserido num contexto de ensino-aprendizagem onde sobressaem de início a falta de interesse, falta de participação e de motivação, a indisciplina e, principalmente, a aprendizagem insuficiente por parte dos alunos. Participando de um projeto de formação contínua de proposta construtivista há cerca de seis anos, pudemos acompanhar a evolução das professoras participantes e suas dificuldades na sala de aula. A partir da observação sistemática e dos relatos de aula de um grupo de professoras bem como de entrevistas semi-estruturadas feitas com alguns alunos, elaboramos um instrumento de análise que nos permitiu identificar posturas, ações e reações desses protagonistas na sua interação na sala de aula, revelando situações em que se estabelece, mantém-se e quebra-se o diálogo significativo entre o docente e os educandos. Adotamos uma perspectiva de análise construtivista, fundamentada nas idéias de Vygotsky sobre o desenvolvimento e a construção sócio-histórica do saber e de Paulo Freire sobre a construção e constituição do saber e do trabalho docente. Assim, identificamos, em diferentes momentos na construção desse diálogo/nãodiálogo, dimensões do trabalho docente: a conduta do professor frente ao seu trabalho, a conduta do professor frente ao aluno, avaliação do ensino e fatores externos intervenientes. Nossas conclusões apontam para uma instabilidade no estabelecimento e manutenção do diálogo por parte das professoras, ligadas em parte a dificuldades relativas ao conhecimento específico da Física e ao fato de estarem num processo de reconstrução da sua prática didática e de sua identidade como professor que planeja levando em conta as idéias prévias dos estudantes e que está preocupado com a aprendizagem efetiva. A própria expectativa do estudante quanto à ação do professor e os fatores sociais e organizacionais a que os protagonistas do processo de ensino-aprendizagem estão sujeitos contribuem de forma decisiva para a manutenção ou a quebra da dialogicidade na sala de aula. / This paper is inserted in a teaching-learning context where the outstanding points that emerge at first from the students behavior are the absence of interest, participation and motivation, indiscipline and mainly insufficient learning. As participants in a constructivist proposed continuous training Project for about six years we could follow the evolution of participating teachers and the difficulties they found in the classroom. Starting from a systematic observation and classroom reports by a group of teachers as well as half-structured interviews with some students, we elaborated an analysis instrument that allowed us to identify attitudes, actions and reactions of these actors in their classroom interaction revealing the situations in which the significant dialogue between teacher and students is set up, maintained and broken. We adopted a constructivist analysis perspective based on the concepts of Vigotsky, about development and socio-historic construction of knowledge and of Paulo Freire on the construction and constitution of knowledge and the teacher work. Therefore we could identify, in different phases of the construction of this dialogue/non-dialogue, the dimensions of the teacher work: his performance and behavior in face of his task and his students, teaching evaluation and intervening external factors. Our conclusions point to an instability in dialogue construction and maintenance by the teachers, connected in part to deficiencies in specific Physics knowledge and also because they were in a stage of reconstruction of their didactic practice and of their identity as a teacher that takes into account the students previous ideas in his planning and that is concerned with effective learning. The students expectations regarding to the teacher action and social and organizational factors which affect actors in the teaching-learning process are decisive influences for maintaining or breaking the classroom dialogue.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2014-10-15T13:22:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Luciana Candida Duarte - Educacao Catalao.pdf: 6063614 bytes, checksum: 8ab252d70ceff4e8cea27775e5546285 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-10-20T17:40:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Luciana Candida Duarte - Educacao Catalao.pdf: 6063614 bytes, checksum: 8ab252d70ceff4e8cea27775e5546285 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-20T17:40:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Luciana Candida Duarte - Educacao Catalao.pdf: 6063614 bytes, checksum: 8ab252d70ceff4e8cea27775e5546285 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study analyzes the continuing education that the Municipal Education Catalan -GO provided for the qualification of teachers from kindergarten, in the period 2000-2010. The research aims to provide a reflection on the concepts of continuing education expressed by managers (Municipal Education Catalao- GO) and teachers. Survey data were obtained through interviews with fourteen teachers from five educational institutions, who worked in Early Childhood Education, between 2000 and 2010, with the General Coordinator of Early Childhood Education and the Secretary of Education of the Catalan period. We also analysis of official documents as: Crafts, Worksheets Courses, History of Early Childhood Education, Academic Calendar, provided by the Municipal Education. For this investigation we have adopted as a theoretical André (2001), Charlot (2006), Imbernon (2009), Gatti (2001) and Leotiev (1978). Light Activity Theory, we interpret the needs and reasons for continuing education of teachers appointed in the speeches and the management in order to understand the peculiarities of a reflective teacher, active in a continuous process of learning and teacher training. The relevance of this work, a reflection on the subject, always timely, is the possibility it offers to the researcher, the researched and behind him aware of rethinking teacher education aware that the development of professional teaching happens by work activity, teaching, and its content, which changes with the socio-historical conditions. Training possibilities arise under these conditions (objective and subjective) in a dialectical process of changing needs. Thus the actions of continuing education are configured at a propitious time for teachers to rethink the everyday, diagnose problems and discuss possible solutions as: the formation horizontal (not vertical), the clarity of the dilemmas that present themselves, to set targets, the importance of frequent and systematic collective work, the multiplier effect of joint participation and continuing education. We need teachers and teachers of teachers reflect on the daily practice on the training processes, models of initial and continuing training and are aware of the importance and need for training as an ongoing process of negotiation and discoveries that provide new grounds and experiences for educational pedagogical action. / O presente trabalho analisa a formação continuada que a Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Catalão-GO disponibilizou aos professores da Educação Infantil, no período de 2000 a 2010. A investigação visa proporcionar uma reflexão sobre as concepções de formação continuada expressas pelos gestores (Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Catalão-GO) e pelos professores. Os dados da pesquisa foram obtidos através de entrevistas com catorze professoras de cinco instituições de ensino, que atuavam na Educação Infantil, entre 2.000 e 2010, com a coordenadora Geral da Educação Infantil e com a Secretária de Educação de Catalão no referido período. Fizemos também análise de documentos oficiais como: Ofícios, Planilhas de Cursos, Histórico da Educação Infantil, Calendário Letivo, fornecidos pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação. Para esta investigação adotamos como referencial teórico André (2001), Charlot (2006), Imbernón (2009), Gatti (2001) e Leotiev (1978). A luz da Teoria da Atividade, interpretamos as necessidades e os motivos de formação continuada apontados nas falas das professoras e das gestoras, a fim de compreendermos as particularidades de um professor reflexivo, atuante em um processo contínuo de aprendizagem e formação docente. A relevância deste trabalho, uma reflexão sobre o tema, sempre oportuna, está na possibilidade que ele oferece à pesquisadora, aos pesquisados e aquém dele tomar conhecimento de repensar a formação de professores consciente que o desenvolvimento da profissionalidade docente acontece mediante a atividade de trabalho, da docência, e do seu conteúdo, o qual muda com as condições sócio-históricas. As possibilidades de formação se colocam de acordo com essas condições (objetivas e subjetivas) em um processo dialético de novas necessidades. Assim as ações de formação continuada se configuram em um momento propício para que os docentes repensem o cotidiano, diagnostiquem problemas e discutam prováveis soluções quanto: à formação horizontal (e não verticalizada); à clareza dos dilemas que se apresentam; à definição de metas; à importância do trabalho coletivo frequente e sistemático; à coparticipação e o efeito multiplicador da formação continuada. É preciso que os professores e os professores dos professores reflitam sobre a prática diária, sobre os processos de formação, os modelos de formação inicial e continuada e se conscientizem da importância e da necessidade de formação como processo contínuo de negociações e descobertas que proporcionam nova fundamentação e experiências para a ação pedagógica educacional.

The purpose of this research was to develop an on-line two-tier diagnostic instrument that could be used to identify alternative scientific conceptions held by students and to ascertain the conceptual level at which students are functioning. The instrument was designed to identify alternative conceptions held in relation to concepts that underpin the objectives listed in each of the four content strands of the New Zealand Science Curriculum. The stem questions of the first tier were designed around the curriculum objectives for Levels 4, 5 and 6. Distracters for the second tier were developed from alternative conceptions identified from surveys, teacher predictions and telephone interviews. A 52 item instrument was built into a Microsoft Word format with drop down menu functionality, and then transferred into an on-line format on a web site. The instrument link was sent by email to a student sample in the age range of Year 9 to 11. The student responses were analysed by answer selection and alternative conceptions were identified and classified. The instrument proved to be an economical rapid response tool for identification of student alternative conceptions to inform the design and development of student science learning programmes. The instrument and the component two-tier items have the potential to be used as part of an item bank for formative assessment tests to enhance student learning in science. The on-line functionality of the instrument has the potential to provide the 21st century learner with formative self assessment opportunities to enhance personalized self-directed learning programmes.

While biological scientists justify their research into human genetic engineering on the grounds of its 'therapeutic' potential, art - particularly the genre of science fiction (whose origins can be traced to Mary Shelly's famous tale, Frankenstein) - has acted on the social through culture to alert us to the perilous repercussions of usurping the role of the 'Creator of Life.' Now, at the dawn of the new millennium, the scientific project of mapping human DNA seemingly complete, the plight of the genetically-engineered human has become an intense focus of cultural critique. This doctoral project can be differentiated by its focus on aesthetic inquiry into the implications for expressions and representations of corporeality in relation to contemporary biomedical engineering. It has incorporated stem cell research that entails the manipulation and redirection of adult stem cell fates. The project takes the form of practical and theoretical investigations into cellular responses, and is framed within the matrices of both an innovative collaborative art/science research model and the evolving process of practice-led arts research. The exploratory research is discursively located within the system/environment paradigm. This allows for boundaries between the philosophic and scientific disciplines of: 1. epistemology, 2. ethics and aesthetics and 3. biology and technology to become nodes in a relational network associated with: 1. living and non-living, 2. sentience and consciousness and 3. conceptions of humanness. The cycle of practice-led research culminates in a body of work that began with a project entitled apoptosis, and developed into a three part quasi-scientific vital force series of installations. Each of these installations references nineteenth century scientific experimental processes employed in a search for the essential components of the human being itself. The series of interactive installations is discussed and the processual, pioneering research model, whereby the artist becomes the 'human guinea pig' is theoretically and visually articulated. In addition, time-lapse videomicrograph image data, collected through laboratory experiments is interpreted and recontextualised by the artist-researcher for representation in the vital force series of immersive installations. In these installations the implications of the issues raised by biomedical engineering processes are expressed as a very physical, tactile encounter. The aim is that these encounters engender a multi-sensory experience for the individual viewer, who, when immersed in the aesthetic, corporeal, interactive installations as a participant who completes the work through their engagement. Thus, the significance of the study lies in its re-privileging of the aesthetic experience of corporeality in the discourses surrounding genetic manipulation. This exegesis, like the doctoral project itself, is cyclical; following the inseparable processes of theory and practice through which the implications of the core research issues for a hybrid art/science practice are explored. It echoes the qualitative, post-positivist research methodology used throughout the project, which aimed to overcome the third person perspective through such strategies as interactivity and hybridity.

En première partie, cette thèse présente différentes significations des termes nature et environnement, en arabe et en français. Par exemple, en arabe, il existe trois termes pour désigner le mot français "environnement". Elle identifie, dans le cadre du modèle KVP qui analyse les conceptions comme des interactions entre connaissances, valeurs et pratiques sociales, plusieurs valeurs qui sous-tendent ces définitions. Plusieurs d'entre elles sont reprises comme des objectifs de l'éducation à l'environnement : citoyenneté, autonomie, responsabilité, altruisme et solidarité (CARTAS). L'essentiel de cette thèse analyse ensuite les conceptions, et plus particulièrement les systèmes de valeurs, sur la nature et l'environnement chez des enseignants tunisiens (111 enseignants de Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre : SVT et 42 enseignants d'Histoire et Géographie : HG), chez 273 élèves de 2ème année secondaire (16-17 ans) et dans les manuels scolaires tunisiens SVT de ce niveau scolaire, édités en 2003 et 2005. Les différentes analyses effectuées (khi2, analyse des correspondances multiples et analyse en composantes principales) montrent que les élèves sont plus anthropocentrés que les enseignants SVT et HG, qui sont plutôt écolocentrés, sans différence significative entre enseignants SVT et HG. Ces systèmes de valeurs sont corrélés à certaines variables personnelles : les non bacheliers, les jeunes et les individus ayant une enfance campagnarde sont plus anthropocentrés que, respectivement, les titulaires d'un baccalauréat ou plus, les adultes et ceux ayant une enfance citadine, qui sont plus écolocentrés. Les conceptions des élèves sont dans l'ensemble conformes à celles présentes dans les manuels SVT : nature sans homme, rapport utilitaire à la nature, absence de gestion et de prévention des risques liés à l'utilisation des ressources, ce qui ne favorise pas l'acquisition des valeurs CARTAS. Les enjeux et perspectives de ces résultats sont discutés.

La présente recherche s'intéresse à l'apprentissage et à l'enseignement des sciences de la vie et de la terre auprès des élèves et de futurs enseignants. L'utilisation du temps géologique dans l'explication de quelques phénomènes naturels par les apprenants semble être difficile. Nous engageons donc une réflexion épistémologique et didactique pour l'étude de ce concept dans une approche interdisciplinaire en se basant sur des éléments d'histoire et de philosophie des sciences. Un diagnostic précis des difficultés d'apprentissages des apprenants, par le biais de maintes méthodes de recherche, pourrait permettre de comprendre leurs problèmes et de proposer des stratégies afin de faciliter l'acquisition, non seulement du concept de temps, mais aussi d'autres concepts en sciences. Cette recherche a donc comme objectif l'identification des obstacles épistémologiques à la problématisation du temps. Pour atteindre notre objectif, la démarche méthodologique suivie est pluriel. En premier temps, nous menons une exploration du terrain par une analyse de manuels et analyse des explications des élèves et des étudiants à propos des séismes, orogenèse et crise biologique. Ces deux phases ont été jumelées par une observation de classe et un entretien avec des étudiants. En deuxième temps, nous menons une étude interdisciplinaire par des ateliers-débats avec les échantillons concernés afin de suivre la construction du temps dans une démarche de problématisation et l'interprétation de l'origine possible des obstacles à cette finalité. La recherche a permis de dépasser le travail sur les conceptions à celui de la problématisation en identifiant un certain nombre de difficultés reliées à l'acquisition du temps géologique comme outil de mesure et de couplage de biologie-géologie. Les registres explicatifs dans lesquels travaillent les étudiants sont variés. Des registres favorisant la problématisation du temps tels que le mobilisme, l'évolutionnisme. D'autres registres dépendent des obstacles identifiés et ne favorisent pas la problématisation du concept en question. Les origines de ces obstacles sont plurielles. Un travail interdisciplinaire en se basant sur la construction de problème comme outil méthodologique didactique par le biais d'un débat mettant en jeu le rôle des questions de l'enseignant, l'histoire des sciences...etc. permettrait, non seulement de dépasser les difficultés à la problématisation d'un concept, mais aussi d'améliorer les méthodes d'enseignement. Ainsi des axes de recherches devraient être entrepris pour des approfondissements théoriques et pratiques.

<p>This Minor Field Study was undertaken in theoutskirts of Hanoi, Vietnam during September and October 2003. The aim was to explore what 10-11 year old primary school children think about disabilities in an Inclusive Education class, i.e. a class with non-disabled children and children with disabilities (CwD). Sixteen children, including four CwD, were interviewed in a semi-structured way. The children mentioned physical disabilities more often than "mental" or "learning" disabilities even though three of the CwD had those kinds of disabilities. More than half the sample seem to think about war-related causes of disabilities. Many interviewees also mentioned that other children treat CwD both "well" and "badly". Some girls and no boys mentioned that they feel sympathy for and want to help persons with disabilities. One-fourth of the children seem to think of disabilities as a deviation.</p>

<p>För att bli en demokratisk medborgare behövs kunnande i matematik, då samhällsinformation ska förstås och kritiskt kunna granskas för att ha möjlighet att fatta välgrundade vardagsbeslut. Denna kunskap behövs även för fortsatta studier samt för att få ett fungerande yrkesliv. Fenomenet matematik¬undervisning kan av olika lärare beskrivas, upplevas och uppfattas på kvalitativt skilda sätt. Studiens syfte var att undersöka och beskriva nyexaminerade lärares uppfattningar av fenomenet matematikundervisning samt att nå en ökad förståelse för och kunskap om nyexaminerade lärares första tid som lärare i matematik. Studiens fenomenografiska ansats var kvalitativt analytisk och beskrivande. Ett strategiskt urval har gjorts, där sex lärare har intervjuats. Den kvalitativa forskningsintervjun transkriberades och analyserades, vilket ledde till studiens resultat i form av beskrivnings¬kategorier. Den överordnade beskrivningskategorin var legitimitet, vilket i sin tur beskrevs på tre kvalitativt skilda sätt, som att legitimitet formellt tillskrivs, att legitimitet förvärvas samt att legitimitet tilldelas. Dessa beskrivningskategorier motsvarade studiens kvalitativa variation. Slutsatsen blev att legitimitet påverkade den nyexaminerade lärarens matematikundervisning samt relationen med övriga matematiklärare.</p>

<p>Undersökningar visar att lärare, till skillnad från många andra professionella yrkesgrupper, sällan refererar till teorier när de anger vilka motiv deras praktiska verksamhet har. Den kollegiala diskussionen bland lärare är sällan av teoretisk karaktär utan handlar ofta om praktiska förhållanden . En stor del av lärarkunskapen verkar vara ”tyst”.” Tyst kunskap ska här förstås som erfarenhetsbaserad kunskap som uppnås genom praktiserande verksamhet, en typ av förtrogenhetskunskap som kräver överblick över situationen man befinner sig i. I det här arbetet studerar jag relationen mellan lärarens reflektioner om sin egen praktik i relation till lärarens syn på elevernas progression under kemilaborationer. Syftet med undersökningen är att ge några bilder av tankemönster man möter i diskussionen kring undervisningen i kemi. Tankemönster i samband med undervisning ses här som delar av lärarens tysta kunskap. Den empiriska undersökningen baseras på intervjuer med kemilärare på gymnasie- och högstadieskolor. I undersökningen identifieras några aspekter av kemilärares tysta kunskap i relation till elevers lärandeprocess under kemilaborationer. Resultaten visar en koppling till litteratur och forskning inom området för hur effektiv undervisning kan bedrivas.</p> / <p>Investigations show that teachers, in contrast to many other professionals, seldom refer to theories in discussions about the motives in their practice. Professional discussions among teachers often deal with practical matters and rarely about theoretical issues. Major parts of teachers’ knowledge seem to be tacit. Tacit knowledge should be understood as knowledge received by practical experience, a type of confidential knowledge. In this work I have studied the relation between teachers’ reflections about their own practice and the teachers’ views of the students’ progression in learning during laboratory courses. The aim of this paper is to find some of the common thoughts shared by chemistry teachers, which are expressed when describing their practice. These kinds of “mind patterns” are here comprehended as part of the teachers’ tacit knowledge. The empirical investigation is based on interviews with chemistry teachers in upper level of compulsory school and in upper secondary school. The results of the investigation indicate connections to research and literature about effective learning.</p>

This Minor Field Study was undertaken in theoutskirts of Hanoi, Vietnam during September and October 2003. The aim was to explore what 10-11 year old primary school children think about disabilities in an Inclusive Education class, i.e. a class with non-disabled children and children with disabilities (CwD). Sixteen children, including four CwD, were interviewed in a semi-structured way. The children mentioned physical disabilities more often than "mental" or "learning" disabilities even though three of the CwD had those kinds of disabilities. More than half the sample seem to think about war-related causes of disabilities. Many interviewees also mentioned that other children treat CwD both "well" and "badly". Some girls and no boys mentioned that they feel sympathy for and want to help persons with disabilities. One-fourth of the children seem to think of disabilities as a deviation.