Le dimensionnement des liaisons boulonnées représente une part non négligeable du travail des bureaux d’études des industries aéronautiques. En effet leur nombre peut varier de plusieurs milliers à plusieurs millions selon le type d’avion. À l’heure actuelle la mise au point de ce type d’attache se fait grâce à des éléments finis en trois dimensions. La complexité des phénomènes mis en jeux par ce type de connexion tels que le contact le frottement et les jeux entraînent des calculs non linéaires très chronophages.L’objectif des travaux de thèse a été de proposer un connecteur élément fini remplaçant l’ensemble de la discrétisation 3D d’un boulon pour les calculs numériques de dimensionnement en étant basé sur des paramètres liés au comportement mécanique.La mise au point d’un algorithme prenant en compte le contact afin de modéliser le comportement global des parties assemblées fut le point de départ de la réflexion.Cet algorithme a été implémenté au sein du logiciel Samcef à travers une routine codée en Fortran 77.Des tests de qualifications du comportement normal et tangentiel ont été effectués afin de valider l’algorithme mis au point.Une méthode d’identification des paramètres du connecteur est ici proposée : certains peuvent être déterminés de manière analytique et d’autres de manière numérique.Enfin des cas tests de validation sur des assemblages industriels ont été effectués afin de mettre en évidence un gain en temps de calcul conséquent tout en maintenant une qualité suffisante pour le dimensionnement. / The design of bolted connections represents a significant part of the work of research department of aeronautical industries. Indeed, their number can vary from several thousands to several millions depending on the aircraft type. At the present time, the development of this type of attachment is done with finite elements in three dimensions. The complexity of concerned phenomena by this type of connection as the contact friction and gaps requires nonlinear computations which are very time consuming.The aim of the thesis was to propose a finite element connector for replacing the whole 3D discretisation of a bolt during the design computations while being based on parameters related to mechanical behaviour.The development of an algorithm taking into account contacts to model the overall behaviour of the parts was the starting point of the reflexion.Then this algorithm was implemented in the SAMCEF software through a routine coded in Fortran 77.Normal and tangential behaviour qualification tests were performed to validate the algorithm developed.A method for identifying connector parameters is proposed here, some of these parameters can be determined using an analytical approach, others need a numerical one.Finally, validations on industrial test cases were carried out to prove a substantial cpu time savings while maintaining a good level of quality.

A three-dimensional finite element model is developed, validated and used in the parametric study to investigate the influence of shear stud's position and profiled sheeting thickness on the strength, ductility and failure modes of the headed shear stud welded to the modern profiled sheeting. A total of 240 push tests were analysed with different sheeting thicknesses, positions of the shear stud in the trough, concrete strengths and transverse spacings. The results showed that the sheeting thickness influenced the shear connector resistance of studs placed in the unfavourable position more than studs placed in favourable and central positions. The strength of the shear connector placed in the unfavourable position increased by as much as 30% when the sheeting thickness was increased. The shear connector resistance of the unfavourable stud was found to be primarily a function of the strength and the thickness of the profiled sheeting rather than the concrete strength. The strength prediction equations for unfavourable and central studs were also proposed. The results suggested that the strength of the shear connector increased as the distance of the shear stud increased from the mid-height of the deck rib in the load bearing direction of the stud. The load¿slip behaviour of the studs in the unfavourable position was more ductile than the studs in the favourable position, with slip of 2-4 times higher. It was found that the increase in sheeting thickness and transverse spacing improved the ductility of the stud in unfavourable position, but had no effect on the stud in the favourable position. The failure modes suggested that the favourable and central studs failed by concrete cone failure and unfavourable studs failed by rib punching together with crushing of the narrow strip of the concrete in front of the stud.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第24847号 / 工博第5164号 / 新制||工||1986(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻 / (主査)教授 杉浦, 邦征, 教授 高橋, 良和, 教授 山本, 貴士, 教授 北根, 安雄 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

Many of the existing steel-concrete bridges may need to be strengthened, as heavier vehicles areallowed on the Swedish roads. These bridges could possibly be strengthened by post-installingshear connectors. The shear connectors may enhance the load-bearing capacity through a higherdegree of composite action between the steel and concrete interface.For post-installing of shear connectors, it is advantageous to use a method that allows forinstallation from underneath the bridge as it avoids disrupting the traffic flow. The authors havehence focused on a shear connector called coiled spring pin (CSP); a sheet of metal rolled intoa coil. It’s inserted by hydraulic jacking into a pre-drilled hole and maintained in position dueto radial spring force, avoiding the need for welding.Information and data are collected from beam tests performed at Luleå technical university, theEurocodes and literature.This study investigates and identifies the behaviour and characteristics of a partial compositegirder reinforced with CSPs. The study compares the results obtained from the laboratory testsand the FEM-simulations. Furthermore, this research examines the factors that contribute to theaccuracy of the FEM models and investigates the influence of the CSP placement on the overallload-bearing capacity.Both the FEM simulations and laboratory tests indicate that the girders exhibit strength benefitsfrom applying CSPs. An optimal position for the connectors could not be determined, as theresults presented in the simulations was not proved by the laboratory tests. The simulationsindicate benefits with central placed CSPs, in contrast to the laboratory test where no differencesfrom the placement were shown, although only two test setups were used.

<p>The aim of the research work presented here, is to contribute to the adaptation of electronic packaging towards the needs of high frequency applications. As the field of electronic packaging stretches over several very different professional areas, it takes an interdisciplinary approach to optimize the technology of electronic packaging. Besides this, an extensive knowledge of industrial engineering should be an essential part of this undertaking to improve electronic packaging. Customary advances in technology are driven by new findings and a continuous development of processes in clearly defined fields. However, in the field of the higher levels of the interconnection hierarchy, that is external to the chip level interconnections and chip packaging, it is supposed that a wide combination of disciplines and technical creativity, instead of advanced technology in a special area should produce most added value.</p><p>The thesis is divided into five areas, interlinked by the overall aim of there advantages to the common goal. These areas are the Printed Wiring Board (PWB) technology, PWB connections using flexible printed circuit boards, multiconductor cable connections, shielded enclosures and the related EMC issues, and finally the cooling of electronics. A central issue was to improve the shielded enclosures to be effective also at very high frequencies; it will be shown that shielded enclosures without apertures can cope with frequencies up to and above 15 GHz. Due to this enclosure without apertures, it was necessary to develop a novel cooling structure. This cooling structure consists of a heat sink where the PCB’s are inserted in close contact to the cooling fins on one side, whereas the other side of the heat sink is cooled by forced ventilation. The heat transfer between these parts is completely inside the same body. Tests carried out on a prototype have shown that the performance of the cooling structure is satisfactory for electronic cooling.</p><p>Another problem area that is addressed are the interconnect problems in high frequency applications. Interconnections between parts of a local electronic system, or as within the telecom and datacom field between subscribers, are commonly accomplished by cable connections. In this research work multiconductor cables are examined and a patented novel cable-connector for high frequency use is presented. Further, an experimental complex soldering method between flexible printed circuits boards and rigid printed circuits boards, as part of connections between PCBs, is shown. Finally, different sectors of the PCB technology for high frequency applications are scrutinized and measurements on microstrip structures are presented.</p>

Includes supplementary material. / Sea TENTACLE is a proposed afloat platform whose primary mission is to utilize the state-of-the-art technology of unmanned vehicles to monitor and neutralize all subsurface enemy threats in the littorals. This mission can be specified further as anti-submarine warfare, mine warfare and maritime surveillance. The design philosophy of Sea TENTACLE embodies the ideal of providing a multi-mission capable sea frame extending network-centric warfare into the littorals. The design goals of the TSSE team were first to develop a platform to deploy, recover, and maintain unmanned vehicle (e.g. UUVs, USVs, UAVs) and second to enableto ship to act as an afloat network operations center for distributed assets. Allowing all units to work together seamlessly to conduct focused missions in the littorals makes the Sea TENTACLE a creitical component within the network-centric environment. The versatility of its cargo hold and modular design allows Sea TENTACLE to be outfitted dynamically to complete a veriety of secondary missions including humanitarian aid, salvage and spacial operations support. Sea TENTACLE's combat management and operations system will employ the Enterprise architecture design enabling C4ISR capabilities that will meet emerging network centric warfare needs.

Background: Placed children have a higher risk of mental illness and negative development but it does not mean one can predict that it will go in a certain way for a certain child. Children belonging to a risk group can do well and vice versa, but it is the community and family care to balance the risk of a negative development Purpose: In this paper, the authors want to draw attention to the problems of children placed children's mental-being. The focus is on three different factors to get a broader picture of what may affect the mental health of foster children. Method: Descriptive literature review of scientific articles and literature. Results: The factors that form the basis of our study is continuous / discontinuous contact with the biological parents, interrupted foster placement and school outcomes for foster children. Theories selected to connect the various factors related theory and risk and protective factors. The results that have emerged show that foster children and young people feel worse than other children and young people who have not been children placed. School results are adversely affected by foster placement which has emerged in our study, and it is of great importance to the social, school, and family home cooperating to act against this. Conclusion: Reports and literature has been quite agree that foster children feel worse than other children in the community. The various factors that the study has highlighted, there was very little empirical data to collect, why did the authors broaden and think internationally. It would be desirable if it could be researched further in this area of ​​research the more there are, the more knowledge is given to social workers who work with disadvantaged children in their everyday lives.

Academic fulltext search engine Egothor has recently became starting point of several thesis aimed on searching. Until now, there was no solution available to provide robust set of web content processing tools. This master thesis is aiming on design and implementation of distributed search system working primary with internet sources. We analyze first generation components for processing of web content and summarize their primary features. We use those features to propose architecture of distributed web search engine. We aim mainly to phases of data fetching, processing and indexing. We also describe final implementation of such system and propose few ideas for future extensions.

For bridges to cope with increased requirements such as increased loads, strengthening work can be carried out. In cases where older steel-concrete bridges do not have a composite action, an alternative is to create composite-action to achieve a higher flexural strength. It is introduced by post-installing shear connectors. There are many different alternatives of shear connectors that can be used, hence a number that can be installed from below the bridge to minimize the impact on the traffic. Coiled Spring Pins are of the interference fit type connector and are put in place from below the bridge by first drilling a hole upward through the upper steel flange and then into the concrete slab. Then, the spiral bolt is pushed up into the drilled hole by means of a hydraulic hammer. Using data from push-out tests and non-linear material models for steel and concrete, a non-linear finite element analysis was created using the commercial finite element software Abaqus. The analysis is based on dimensions and load cases that will mimic a planned full-scale beam test that will be carried out later in 2019. To verify that the material and the model behave in a realistic manner, an analysis was initially performed on a beam without composite-action, and a full-composite action beam with infinitely rigid connectors. These were then compared with hand calculations according to Eurocode. When the material models were verified, it is seen that the materials steel and concrete work for themselves in the analysis without composite-action and together in the analysis with full composite-action. The data for the spiral bolts is than defined instead of infinitely rigid connectors and new analyzes were performed to see the effect of the coiled spring pins properties. The results show that a significant increase in the point load in the middle of the beam can take place before failure occurs after installation of this type of shear connector. Already at a low number of connectors and a low shear connection-ratio, a significant increase in the flexural strength is seen in the beam. By using partial-composite action, with a lower number of spiral bolts, a significant higher flexural strength can be achieved in an economical way. / När kraven på att broar ska klara av ökade laster, kan förstärkningsarbeten utföras. I de fall där äldre stål-betongbroar saknar samverkanseffekt, är det ett alternativ att inför samverkan för att uppnå en högre böj-hållfastighet. Det införs genom att man installerar skjuvförbindare i efterhand. Det finns många olika alternativ av skjuvförbindare som kan användas, därav ett antal som går att installera underifrån bron för att minimera påverkan på trafiken. Spiralbultar (Coiled Spring Pins) är av typen presspassnings-förbindare och sätts på plats underifrån bron genom att det först borras ett hål uppåt genom övre stålflänsen och sedan upp i betongplattan. Därefter pressas spiralbulten upp i det borrade hålet med hjälp av en hydraulisk hammare. Med hjälp av data ifrån push-out-tester samt icke-linjära material modeller för stål och betong, skapades en icke-linjär analys i det finita element metods programmet Abaqus. Analysen är uppbyggd med dimensioner och lastfall som ska efterlikna ett planerat full-skaligt balktest som kommer utföras under 2019. För att verifiera att materialet och modellen beter sig realistiskt, utförs en analys på en balk utan samverkan, samt en full-samverkans balk med oändligt styva förbindare. Dessa jämförs sedan med handberäkningar enligt Eurokod. När materialmodellerna var verifierade sågs det att materialen stål och betong arbetar för sig själva i analysen utan samverkan och tillsammans i analysen med full-samverkan. Data för spiralbultarna lades sedan in istället för oändligt styva förbindare och nya analyser utförs för att se påverkan av spiralbultarnas egenskaper. Resultaten visade att en betydande ökning av punklasten i mitten av balken kan ske innan brott uppstår vid installation i efterhand av denna typen skjuvförbindare. Redan vid ett lågt antal förbindare och ett lågt skjuv-förhållande ses en betydande ökning av böj-hållfastigheten i balken. Genom att använda delvis-samverkan med ett lägre antal spiralbultar kan man på ett ekonomiskt sätt uppnå en betydligt högre böj-hållfasthet.

Le sujet de thèse a été traité dans le cadre d’un Système d’Information d’Entreprise (SIE) contenant un grand volume d’informations, très diverses, circulant au sein d’un groupe avec une cinquantaine de filiales. Initialement, les sources informatiques de chaque entité stockaient des données structurées, suivant des logiques métiers locales. Les descriptions de ces sources, destinées prioritairement aux informaticiens, se trouvent dans des documents textuels. Elles ne visaient pas le partage et la compréhension des systèmes par les différents types d’acteurs métiers qui fournissent le contenu. C’est également le cas des référentiels métiers, qui contiennent des connaissances métiers fondamentales. Ainsi, la localisation d’informations pertinentes, permettent un aiguillage et un accès aisé aux sources qui répondent aux attentes et aux contraintes des acteurs métiers, devient une problématique principale du SI. Depuis une décennie, la SNCF vise à répondre à cette problématique par une démarche stratégique de gouvernance inscrite dans les processus de l’urbanisme du SI. Nous sommes concernés par mise sous contrôle des référentiels de données métiers, la standardisation et la simplification des échanges inter applicatifs. Malgré cette démarche, les initiatives de partage d’informations et des connaissances métiers restent ponctuelles, fortement dépendantes des motivations personnelles (et non pas métiers) d’acteurs éclairés du SI. Notre objectif est de fournir une vue stratégique sur le partage des connaissances des différents types d’acteurs du SI en favorisant leur collaboration dans le contexte du déroulement d’un processus, ou d’une activité métier. Pour y parvenir, nous proposons une démarche pour la construction d’une couche du SI en s’appuyant sur de nouveaux concepts fonctionnels : le "référentiel de référentiels" et les "connecteurs a priori". Le premier correspond à un référentiel transverse par rapport à un périmètre métier. Le second correspond à des connexions logiques assurant une interopérabilité entre les applications qui ne sont pas conçues pour cohabiter. D’un point de vue technologique, le "référentiel des référentiels" prend ses fondements dans la modélisation et le stockage des connaissances par les démarches sémantiques. Les "connecteurs a priori" puisent leurs apports dans les Services Web Sémantiques. Le sujet de thèse développe des compétences comme les architectures middlewares orientées services, la modélisation sémantique de documents, la modélisation du SI et les techniques de Recherche d’Information (RI). Ce sont autant de sujets qui s’intègrent dans le projet scientifique de l’équipe DRIM (Distribution et Recherche d'Information Multimédia) du département « Données, Connaissances et Services » du laboratoire LIRIS (Laboratoire d’InfoRmatique en Images et Systèmes d’Informations), CNRS UMR 5205. / This thesis came about a very large and complex Enterprise Information System (EIS) containing a huge amount of information that moves through a company consisted of a main group and about fifty subsidiaries. At the beginning, computer science resources of each business unit stored structured data, according to a local business logic. The descriptions of these sources, intended first of all for computer specialists, were saved in text documents. They were not meant to help system sharing and understanding by different types of actors, who provide the business content. It's also true for the enterprise repositories, which contain fundamental business knowledge. Thus, finding the relevant information allowing fast and easy access to sources that meet the expectations and constraints of business actors, became a main problematic of IS. Since ten years, our company aims to address this problem by a strategic approach of IS governance included in the process of the IS planning. We are involved in the activity of business data repositories brought under control and information exchanges standardization and simplification between applications. Our goal is to provide a strategic view of knowledge sharing by promoting the IS actor collaboration in a business process context, or in business activity. To achieve this, we propose an approach for the construction of a layer of the IS based on new functional concepts: the "Reference Enterprise Repository (RER)" and " a priori connectors ". The first is about a transverse enterprise repository corresponding to a business context. The second is logical connections ensuring interoperability between applications that weren’t designed to coexist. From a technological point of view, the RER is based on semantic modelling and the knowledge representation. The "a priori connectors" involve integration technologies of Semantic Web Services. The thesis develops skills such as service-oriented middleware architectures, modelling semantics of documents, modelling IS and Information Retrieval (IR) techniques. All these subjects are part of the DRIM (Distribution and Multimedia Information Retrieval) team’s scientific project of the Department "Information, Knowledge and Services' at the LIRIS (Laboratoire d'Informatique en Images and Systems information), CNRS UMR 5205.