A university has been shown to have a positive effect on society and has led to greater awareness of the social problems found in our towns today and a willingness to openly discuss and resolve them. Universities have a social and civic role that improves the social living conditions in the areas surrounding them. A university also improves the local economy by creating jobs and attracting new businesses which in turn lead to an improved infrastructure and a subsequent decrease in residence segregation. Residential segregation is a growing phenomenon in Sweden where students living in disadvantaged areas are less likely to succeed in school than students living in more advantaged areas, as is often shown by their school results. The purpose of this study is to analyze a university’s effects on high school student’s grades in different socioeconomic living areas in Sweden. Is there a correlation between the student’s grades in these areas and the presence of a university in the region? To analyze these effects, a multilevel regression model in two scales has been used. his thesis shows that a direct correlation exists between high school students’ grades and the presence of a university in the region. A university has a strong improving effect on the grades of students from highly resourceful areas. The study further illustrates that although a new university will lead to an improvement of the general standard of education of a region, the introduction of more universities does not result in an increase in the number of people with a university education.

Nos últimos anos diversos países, desenvolvidos ou subdesenvolvidos, adotaram algum tipo de programa de incentivos professores, seja este financeiro (aumentos de salários permanentes ou temporários) ou no sentido de melhorar o ambiente de trabalho do professor. Seguindo esse exemplo, estados brasileiros adotaram o incentivo financeiro como tentativa de melhorar o desempenho dos alunos. Neste trabalho será analisado o programa de bonificação a professores do Estado de São Paulo implementado em dezembro de 2008, direcionado a professores e funcionários de escolas que atingem as metas pré-estabelecidas para cada ano. O objetivo do estudo é analisar o padrão de recebimento do bônus entre as escolas durante os cinco primeiros anos de vigência do programa (2009 a 2013) e verificar se o incentivo financeiro consegue produzir mudanças na rotina escolar a fim de melhorar o desempenho da escola como um todo. Em função do desenho do programa, para algumas escolas, a probabilidade de alcance da meta, em um determinado momento, é bastante alta, não requerendo dessas escolas um esforço de fato substantivo. Para outras, no entanto, o alcance da meta é de fato algo mais distante que requer mudança de comportamento. Assim, a ideia é comparar o desempenho das escolas paulistas no ambiente em que a política de bonificação exista e em um ambiente no qual esta não exista (ambiente contrafactual construído nesse trabalho) a fim de identificar o acréscimo ou decréscimo de esforço e desempenho que pode ser creditado ao incentivo gerado pela política. Através dessa análise pode-se mensurar quanto do desempenho efetivo das escolas advém de suas características socioeconômicas (e particularidades) e quanto é resultado da exposição à nova política. Com a análise realizada neste trabalho é possível concluir que a política gera pouco incentivo para que escolas com desempenho baixo ou intermediário atinjam as metas pré-definidas pela Secretaria de Estado de São Paulo. O que ocorre nos cinco anos analisados) é que escolas com alto desempenho e que realizam pouco ou nenhum esforço dada a política recebem o bônus na maioria dos anos. / Teachers incentive programs is a recurring theme in the literature, whether these incentives are financial (permanent salary increases or temporary) or to improve the teacher\'s work environment. Several Brazilian states have adopted the financial incentive as an attempt to improve performance and students\' knowledge. This article will review the São Paulo program implemented in December 2008, for teachers and school staff that reach pre-set targets for each year. The objective of the study is to analyze the bonus receiving pattern between schools during the first five years of the program (2009-2013) and verify if the financial incentive can produce changes in the school routine (such as changes in teaching practices and increased participation of parents in the education of their children) in order to improve the school\'s performance as a whole. Depending on the program design, for some schools, the probability of achieving the goal, at any given time, is quite high, not requiring a great effort from these schools. For others, however, the achievement of the goal is almost impossible, what requires a change of behavior. Thus, the idea is to compare school performances in two different environments: one where the bonus policy exists and another that it does not (created in this work). This comparison will allow the identification of how much effort each school put through the exams and which part of these effort is related to the socioeconomics characteristics that these schools are inserted on and which is from the actual exposure to the policy. With this analisis is possible to conclude that the program generates lower incentives to schools with medium and lower performances. Schools with higher performance always get the bonification without doing any or small effort.

Nos últimos anos diversos países, desenvolvidos ou subdesenvolvidos, adotaram algum tipo de programa de incentivos professores, seja este financeiro (aumentos de salários permanentes ou temporários) ou no sentido de melhorar o ambiente de trabalho do professor. Seguindo esse exemplo, estados brasileiros adotaram o incentivo financeiro como tentativa de melhorar o desempenho dos alunos. Neste trabalho será analisado o programa de bonificação a professores do Estado de São Paulo implementado em dezembro de 2008, direcionado a professores e funcionários de escolas que atingem as metas pré-estabelecidas para cada ano. O objetivo do estudo é analisar o padrão de recebimento do bônus entre as escolas durante os cinco primeiros anos de vigência do programa (2009 a 2013) e verificar se o incentivo financeiro consegue produzir mudanças na rotina escolar a fim de melhorar o desempenho da escola como um todo. Em função do desenho do programa, para algumas escolas, a probabilidade de alcance da meta, em um determinado momento, é bastante alta, não requerendo dessas escolas um esforço de fato substantivo. Para outras, no entanto, o alcance da meta é de fato algo mais distante que requer mudança de comportamento. Assim, a ideia é comparar o desempenho das escolas paulistas no ambiente em que a política de bonificação exista e em um ambiente no qual esta não exista (ambiente contrafactual construído nesse trabalho) a fim de identificar o acréscimo ou decréscimo de esforço e desempenho que pode ser creditado ao incentivo gerado pela política. Através dessa análise pode-se mensurar quanto do desempenho efetivo das escolas advém de suas características socioeconômicas (e particularidades) e quanto é resultado da exposição à nova política. Com a análise realizada neste trabalho é possível concluir que a política gera pouco incentivo para que escolas com desempenho baixo ou intermediário atinjam as metas pré-definidas pela Secretaria de Estado de São Paulo. O que ocorre nos cinco anos analisados) é que escolas com alto desempenho e que realizam pouco ou nenhum esforço dada a política recebem o bônus na maioria dos anos. / Teachers incentive programs is a recurring theme in the literature, whether these incentives are financial (permanent salary increases or temporary) or to improve the teacher\'s work environment. Several Brazilian states have adopted the financial incentive as an attempt to improve performance and students\' knowledge. This article will review the São Paulo program implemented in December 2008, for teachers and school staff that reach pre-set targets for each year. The objective of the study is to analyze the bonus receiving pattern between schools during the first five years of the program (2009-2013) and verify if the financial incentive can produce changes in the school routine (such as changes in teaching practices and increased participation of parents in the education of their children) in order to improve the school\'s performance as a whole. Depending on the program design, for some schools, the probability of achieving the goal, at any given time, is quite high, not requiring a great effort from these schools. For others, however, the achievement of the goal is almost impossible, what requires a change of behavior. Thus, the idea is to compare school performances in two different environments: one where the bonus policy exists and another that it does not (created in this work). This comparison will allow the identification of how much effort each school put through the exams and which part of these effort is related to the socioeconomics characteristics that these schools are inserted on and which is from the actual exposure to the policy. With this analisis is possible to conclude that the program generates lower incentives to schools with medium and lower performances. Schools with higher performance always get the bonification without doing any or small effort.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-03-07T19:51:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 mariaizoldaceladearrudacoelho.pdf: 3381379 bytes, checksum: 2ee3efa633b7f74c456a63594e4143e5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T02:03:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mariaizoldaceladearrudacoelho.pdf: 3381379 bytes, checksum: 2ee3efa633b7f74c456a63594e4143e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T02:03:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mariaizoldaceladearrudacoelho.pdf: 3381379 bytes, checksum: 2ee3efa633b7f74c456a63594e4143e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-31 / O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar uma ação implementada no âmbito do Programa Alfabetização na Idade Certa (PAIC) - programa prioritário na agenda estratégica do Governo do Estado do Ceará, instituído no ano de 2007, para fazer frente ao desafio de eliminar o problema do analfabetismo escolar. Segundo a regra estabelecida em legislação estadual, cada uma das 150 escolas contempladas com o Prêmio Escola Nota 10 faz jus ao benefício de um prêmio e assume a responsabilidade de prestar colaboração com uma das 150 escolas que obtiveram os resultados mais rebaixados, de modo que as escolas apoiadas consigam elevar os resultados de aprendizagem e, por seu lado, as premiadas mantenham o bom nível de desempenho de seus alunos. A questão mobilizadora do estudo indaga sobre o potencial desta relação de colaboração entre equipes de escolas, lideradas por seus(a) diretores(as), no sentido de criar um ambiente de aprendizagem de novas práticas, de mais compromisso institucional e, consequentemente, melhores resultados de aprendizagem. O diálogo sobre a agenda identificada com o caso mobiliza estudos e pesquisas que põem a aprendizagem dos alunos como medida central da qualidade da educação, que mostram evidências sobre o efeito-escola, que abrem espaço para medidas de responsabilização por resultados e foco no sucesso dos alunos e, especialmente, que destacam o papel da liderança como estratégia fundamental para a melhoria de escolas e redes educacionais. É uma agenda que considera aquilo que faz com que uma escola funcione da melhor maneira possível, independente do contexto em que se insere. Articulando-se com o fio condutor desta análise, interessa saber se isto pode ser efetivamente ensinado a outros. A metodologia para o estudo do caso envolveu a análise documental de relatórios da coordenadoria do programa, dados de escolas, resultados de avaliação externa, entrevistas e a construção de uma teoria da ação com referência em Carol Weiss a partir das intenções declaradas pelos propositores da ação e balizadas pelo discurso de diretores de dois pares de escolas escolhidos de forma não aleatória. A proposta para o plano de ação educacional, compromisso a ser efetivado na parte final do trabalho, levou em consideração as evidências da força desta ação de colaboração entre equipes escolares lideradas pelos(as) diretores(as). Além disso, agregou conhecimentos de experiências internacionais que utilizam tutoria e coaching (protagonizados por diretores com práticas de êxito e bem formados) como estratégias fundamentais para os processos de preparação de novos diretores. A proposta refere-se, portanto, a um modelo de preparação de diretores, considerando as evidências de que é possível e desejável que um(a) diretor(a) possa atuar no processo de formação de novos. Evidências ancoradas em robustos estudos comparativos indicam a grande importância do(a diretor(a) dentre os fatores que explicam os resultados dos alunos. Os sistemas públicos brasileiros, como regra, ainda não dão mostras de responder com efetividade a esta questão. É para ela que este estudo se direciona. / The aim of this paper is to analyse an action implemented within the scope of the Programme for Literacy at the Right Age (Programa Alfabetização na Idade Certa - PAIC) – a priority in the Ceará State Government strategic agenda, instituted in 2007, to address the challenge of eliminating student illiteracy. According to the rule established by state legislation, all of the 150 schools included in the School Prize - Prêmio Escola Nota 10 are entitled to receive the award and assume responsibility for collaborating with a school achieving poorer results, enabling schools receiving support to improve their learning outcomes and those awarded prizes to maintain good performance levels among their students. The incentive-based issue of this study examines the potential of such collaboration between schools, led by their principals, for creating a learning environment of new practices, enhanced institutional commitment and, consequently, improved learning outcomes. Dialogue on the agenda defined in this case promotes those studies and research actions which place student learning at the centre of educational quality measurement, provide evidence in respect of the school effect, enable measures of responsibility for results, focus on student achievement and, especially, highlight the role of leadership as an essential strategy for improvement in schools and educational networks. This is an agenda which takes into consideration what makes a school function in the best possible way, regardless of its context. Coordinated with the central line of this analysis, it will be pertinent to know whether this can effectively teach others. Case-study methodology involved document analysis of reports produced by the programme coordinators, school data, results of external assessment, interviews and construction of a theory on the action with reference to Carol Weiss based on declarations of intent made by its proposers and underpinned by the discourse of principals from two pairs of schools selected non-randomly. The proposal for the education action plan, a commitment to be implemented in the final stages of the study, took into account evidence of the power of such collaboration between school teams led by their principals. In addition, knowledge was gleaned from international experiments which used tutoring and coaching (undertaken by well-qualified principals with successful practices) as essential strategies for preparation of new principals. The proposal therefore refers to a preparation model for principals, drawing on evidence that it is possible and desirable that a principal is involved in the training of new ones. Evidence from sound comparative studies indicates the significant importance of the principal in factors which explain student results. Brazilian public systems, as a rule, have yet to respond effectively to this issue. That’s what this study is focused on.

Husitská teologická fakulta Univerzita Karlova v Praze Thesis Analysis of usage personal Computers and smart Phones by Adolescents Praha 2015 Mgr. Michaela Klimešová Annotation This thesis strives to grasp pitfalls of overuse of multimedia technologies by children of elementary and secondary schools in Czech Republic. The practical part is based on quantitative questionnaire and its statistical evaluation in program R. Key words Game addition, non-substance addiction, behavioral addiction, leisure time, school results Resumé The questionnaire in this thesis has around 30 questions regarding time of school children spent on digital devices - PC's, smart phones, etc. Further shortly DD. The data set has 156 children from last years of elementary schools and 157 children from first years of high schools (so called gymnázium in Czech Republic). The results consistently show that the more time a child spends on digital devices the worse has grades in mathematics and Czech language (the two main subjects). So the naive expectations of parents - the more PC, the more knowledge - is utterly misleading. The questionnaire cannot measure negative impact of time on DD up to two hours a day. There are some sex specific differences. Boys significantly prefer to play games. Girls prefer social networks. Boys has bigger...

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-05-19T11:30:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 januacaeligervasiogalvao.pdf: 963197 bytes, checksum: 1b0768b4590408da143940560dca0710 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-01T18:55:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 januacaeligervasiogalvao.pdf: 963197 bytes, checksum: 1b0768b4590408da143940560dca0710 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-01T18:55:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 januacaeligervasiogalvao.pdf: 963197 bytes, checksum: 1b0768b4590408da143940560dca0710 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-18 / Este trabalho, um Plano de Ação Educacional (PAE), tem por objetivo analisar como a gestão escolar de duas escolas públicas do Estado de Minas Gerais/Brasil, que alcançaram bons resultados nas avaliações externas, se apropria do Programa de Intervenção Pedagógica (PIP); e a partir daí, analisar como essa apropriação impacta positivamente no desempenho dos alunos. Para tanto, buscou conhecer melhor a fase de implementação dessa política que se efetiva na escola sob a coordenação do gestor, envolvendo todos os demais atores escolares (Professoras e Especialistas de Educação Básica). Assim, visa identificar condicionantes comuns nos dois contextos escolares pesquisados que garantem o sucesso na implementação da política pública, PIP, bem como apontar o perfil de liderança e as dimensões de gestão escolar evidenciados nas escolas. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada foi a análise de documentos relativos ao referido programa, entrevistas semiestruturadas (com Diretoras, Professoras e Especialistas de Educação Básica envolvidos no desenvolvimento do PIP) e ainda observação do cotidiano escolar por meio de visitas in loco, no qual foram levantados dados e informações sobre a relação da ação de gestão escolar e os bons resultados dos alunos e das escolas. Todo o trabalho foi acompanhado por meio de levantamento e estudo de referencial teórico e pesquisas alusivas ao papel do gestor, enquanto membro da equipe de gestão escolar, com possibilidades de intervir positivamente na melhoria da qualidade do ensino da instituição escolar. Os dados encontrados demonstram que há relevância da atuação da gestão escolar com foco na gestão pedagógica na implementação eficaz e eficiente de uma política pública e nos bons resultados dos alunos e da escola. Sendo assim, apresentam-se os resultados positivos traduzidos em “boas práticas” identificadas nessa pesquisa para divulgação, por meio de um projeto, às demais escolas pertencentes à Superintendência Regional de Ensino (SRE) do município de Nova Era/Minas Gerais, com o intuito de aprimorar, adaptar e disseminar as possibilidades de uma gestão pedagógica bem sucedida. / This work, an Education Action Plan (PAE), has as purpose to analyze how school management of two public schools of the Minas Gerais/Brasil, that achieved good results in external evaluations, is part or the Pedagogic Interventional Program (PIP) and from there it analyzes its positive influence in the performance of the students. For that, it was necessary to know better the implementation stage of this policy, applied on the school under the manager’s coordination, involving all school personnel (Teachers and Primary School Experts). Thus, it aims to identify common points in both school contexts that ensures the success of a Public Policy Implementation (PIP), as well as to point the leadership profile and the dimensions of school management seen in schools. The methodology used in this search was the analysis of documents of the pedagogic program, semi structured interviews (with Head Teachers, Teachers and Primary School Experts involved in the PIP development) and school environment observation by in loco visits, where data and information were collected about the relation between the school management action and the good results of students and schools. All work was supported by collection and study of a theoretical background and allusive search to the role of the manager, while member of the school management team, with possibilities to positively intervene in the improvement of teaching quality of the school. All the data show demonstrate there is relevance of the school management’s performance focusing the pedagogic management and efficient and effective implementation of a public policy and in the good results of students and school of the Regional Superintendence of Teaching (SRE) in Nova Era. Therefore, the positive results and its “good practices” in this search have the purpose of improve, adapt and spread the possibilities of a successful pedagogic management.

Every third year a PISA study is conducted, through international measurements for member states of the OECD-organization. This aims to measure each country´s pupils by the ages of 15 years old. Its purpose is to examine how each member´s pupils perform in mathematics, reading comprehensions, sciences and problem solving. In this essay we intend to examine how the PISA studies were received as a creation of opinion and self-image.  This research follows up on selected actors in the media debate surrounding PISA as a tool of argument and means of discussion. The natural demarcation is made by actors; mostly from professional teachers, but also journalists, lectures, writers and school experts in the fields. Its purpose is to give a well-balanced and comprehensive picture of the PISA-debates. From a political standpoint the actors represent different positions of the spectrum. The study consists of a total of 10 actors. Between the years of 2004-2005 and 2016-2017 of the PISA 2003 and 2015. This paper will focus on the PISA studies that were done by the years of 2003 and 2015. By working with different PISA studies with a long span of time between them. This is done as a conscious strategy in favor of the comparative study. In this essay the conceptual changes between these two PISA studies will be examined and studied with a conceptual analysis.

I denna studie har vi undersökt om det föreligger en korrelation mellan elevers resultat i skolan och diverse kvaliteter på figurer de konstruerar då de löser matematiska problem. Underlaget till studien har varit 207 elevlösningar till uppgifter på nationella prov i Matematik 2c, då eleverna är runt 16-17 år gamla. Vi har påvisat, med begränsat socio-ekonomiskt underlag, att sannolikheten för slumpmässiga relationer mellan resultat och figurkvaliteter är låg. Vi har även påvisat att korrelationen är positiv, alltså att konst-ruerade figurer med hög kvalitet är kopplade till höga resultat. Det verkar också som att elever som använder sig av figurer presterar högre än elever som inte gör det. I relation till många andra studier är vår studie relativt väl underbyggd gällande statistiskt underlag. Dock är detta en av de punkter vi ser att framtida studier bör ta vid: utöka underlaget ytterligare både till antal men framförallt till socioekonomisk och geografisk utbredning. Vidare ser vi också att andra sorters matematiska problem studeras och inte endast problemlösning som undersökts här. / In this study we investigated whether there exists a correlation between pupils' results in school and qualities of figures they design when solving mathematical problems. The basis for the study has been 207 student solutions from national tests in Mathematics 2c, when students were around 16-17 years old. We have shown, with limited socio-economic coverage, that likelihood of random relationships between results and figure qualities is low. We have also shown that correlation is positive, i.e. constructed figures with high quality are linked to high results. It also seems that students using figures perform higher than students that do not. In relation to many other studies, our study has a relatively well-supported statistically basis. However, we suggest that future studies should expand the basis by numbers and increase the socio-economic and geographical coverage. Furthermore, we encourage studies of other types of mathematical problems not just problem solving as was investigated here.

Background: Placed children have a higher risk of mental illness and negative development but it does not mean one can predict that it will go in a certain way for a certain child. Children belonging to a risk group can do well and vice versa, but it is the community and family care to balance the risk of a negative development Purpose: In this paper, the authors want to draw attention to the problems of children placed children's mental-being. The focus is on three different factors to get a broader picture of what may affect the mental health of foster children. Method: Descriptive literature review of scientific articles and literature. Results: The factors that form the basis of our study is continuous / discontinuous contact with the biological parents, interrupted foster placement and school outcomes for foster children. Theories selected to connect the various factors related theory and risk and protective factors. The results that have emerged show that foster children and young people feel worse than other children and young people who have not been children placed. School results are adversely affected by foster placement which has emerged in our study, and it is of great importance to the social, school, and family home cooperating to act against this. Conclusion: Reports and literature has been quite agree that foster children feel worse than other children in the community. The various factors that the study has highlighted, there was very little empirical data to collect, why did the authors broaden and think internationally. It would be desirable if it could be researched further in this area of ​​research the more there are, the more knowledge is given to social workers who work with disadvantaged children in their everyday lives.

The work aims to contribute to the field of educational science regarding how students are affected in school depending on the intake of animal products. Information about the area has been searched on several databases, mainly on Libsearch. The articles from the results were found through the databases Libsearch and Swepub. Results have been excluded if they were not relevant to the purpose or issue of the work, and if they were not peer reviewed.  The results show that there are similarities and barriers between the intake of animal products. For example, vegetarians eat fewer meals. Further results also show that the exclusion of meals such as breakfast and lunch affects the performance of students in school. Some vegetarians also seem to think that food without meat is perceived as healthier, later in the text you can read that school lunch is eaten to a greater extent if it is considered healthy. This can thus be a method of reducing barriers between omnivores and vegetarians. Different results are available at the current activity level, but the training capacity could be derived to be equal between omnivores, vegetarians and vegans. It was a challenge to find studies conducted in Europe. Further research in this area is therefore considered necessary, as cultural differences may affect social health, psychological health and physical health. In order to increase the health awareness of students, we believe that education about diets in relation to health should be designed, as there are currently no requirements for teaching about diets in school. We believe that it should be a requirement that the school's physical education teaches about this in order for students to be able to make informed active choices about diet in relation to health. School lunches should also include different diets to reduce social barriers between different diet groups.