Thesis (M.A. (Anthropology) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / Heritage conservation is an enormous challenge in South Africa. Although the National Heritage Resources Act (No 25 of 1999) (NHRA) is amongst the best heritage legislation in the world, implementation has proved to be problematic. NHRA made provision for the establishment of the Limpopo Heritage Resources Authority (LIHRA), an institution of the provincial government responsible to coordinate heritage management in the Limpopo Province. Currently, LIHRA’s duties are either not clearly articulated, or it is not exercising its authority prudently. Consequently, heritage conservation in the Limpopo Province is limited. This study explored the challenges experienced by LIHRA in the conservation and management of heritage resources in the Limpopo Province. It examined LIHRA’s mandate and duties, legislation, budget, physical resources, personnel profile, social responsibility challenges, local politics, infrastructure, and external developmental threats. Furthermore, it investigated LIHRA’s intergovernmental relations and cooperation with other government bodies. The attitudes of heritage site managers and other staff towards conservation and their working conditions, as well as execution challenges, were also documented. Lastly, the study examined the local community’s awareness and expectations of the work being done by LIHRA, as well as the need to conserve and manage heritage resources. The study selected members of the LIHRA council and the seconded LIHRA officials from the Department of Sports, Arts and Culture (DSAC), executives of Limpopo Economic Development, Environment and Tourism (LEDET), the Department of Public Works (DPW) and the South African Police Services (SAPS), and heritage manager at the Dzata in the Vhembe District, as well as the custodian of the Tšate Provincial Heritage Site in the Greater Sekhukhune District of the Limpopo Province. Furthermore, local community members of Ha-Mandiwana in the Vhembe District and in the Tšate Greater Sekhukhune District were also designated. These participants were nominated because of their involvement and knowledge in heritage conservation. A semi-structured questionnaire was employed, and a thematic analysis method was used to analyse the data. v It has been established that LIHRA does not receive sufficient support from the provincial DSAC, even though the NHRA makes provision of the Member of the Executive Council (MEC) of DSAC to be accountable for it. LIHRA is not fully functional and is therefore unable to fulfil its mandate. This is due to a lack of adequate funds, staff, and physical (logistical) resources, such as vehicles. Therefore, most of its duties are performed by the South African Heritage Resources Agency (SAHRA) on their behalf. Instead, it has been assigned to only perform Section 34 of the NHRA, which deals with the conservation of historic buildings. LIHRA is unable to attend to site visits or to interact with heritage site managers. Therefore, to the managers/custodians, LIHRA exists only in name. Furthermore, it comes as no surprise that local communities near heritage sites are not even aware of LIHRA’s existence. However, the museum section of DSAC oversees provincial heritage sites with museums, which effectively means that provincial sites, which do not have museums are neglected by both LIHRA and DSAC. In conclusion, LIHRA’s existence is very important for the survival of heritage resources in the Limpopo Province; hence the MEC must be held accountable for its under-performance. It is recommended that the MEC must ensure that LIHRA is provided with the essential tools it needs to become fully functional, commencing with legislation and a competency assessment from SAHRA. LIHRA must strengthen ties with other government departments to simplify heritage conservation in the province. Heritage managers/custodians need to have a close relationship with LIHRA to ensure that sites do not lose their provincial heritage status. However, for that to happen, LIHRA needs to be more proactive. Information about LIHRA must be accessible to the public, as heritage conservation is the responsibility of everyone, not only LIHRA.

Cultural heritage has become a significant part of the cultural economy. Often criticized for its top down approach led by experts, and reflecting a western, elite class interpretation of heritage, the cultural heritage management industry has been trying to place the people at the centre of heritage conservation practices over recent years. This change of paradigm is, in part, due to the recognition of heritage as a significant aspect of everyday life, as well as a fluid yet undeniable attribute of identity and sense of place. In Hong Kong, a fast changing and transient city, the need for heritage conservation has only been recently fully acknowledged. In 2007, the authorities launched a new public-private partnership, known as the Revitalisation Scheme. Mei Ho House was integrated in the first batch of the scheme as the last remain of the first generation of public housing in Hong Kong. The building was transformed into a youth hostel with a museum displaying people's life in the post-war public housing estates. The present thesis investigates this seemingly successful conservation project on the premise that heritage is a dialogue between the material world and the individual. It discusses the legal and cultural context of heritage conservation in Hong Kong, and explores the meaning of vernacular architecture in Hong Kong and the discourse suggested by the museum. The visitors' response is also scrutinized as a significant part in the heritage-making process.

Protective coatings are commonly used to protect culturally significant works, such as outdoor sculptures and architectural elements. Given the valuable nature of such metalworks, there is a surprising lack of environmentally sustainable coatings available for their conservation. High performance clear coatings are not developed or thoroughly tested for compatibility and longevity on outdoor sculptures. This can make the implementation of both methods and materials, no matter how promising in a lab, a significant hurdle for the conservation science community. This dissertation work initially aims to replace high-VOC formulations such as acrylic lacquers and waxes currently used as protective coatings for bronze with a waterborne coating by investigating the film formation differences between coating types. Such differences likely have implications for initial film barrier properties as well as long-term performance. For coating any large-scale metal object, cost-effectiveness limits applicable coatings to commercially available resins with some minor adjustments. Additional requirements for protective coatings for artwork require they must also be transparent, reversible, easily applied and environmentally sustainable. The chemical and physical properties of polymeric coatings with nanoclays modifiers were investigated as they may offer superior weatherability and act as better barriers to water absorption than commonly used lacquers and waxes. This work ultimately finds that nanocomposites with poly(vinylidene fluoride) latex and chemically stabilized nanoclays significantly improved performance and may be a viable option in the protection of material cultural heritage. Protection of high value objects where aesthetics is also important, such as airplanes, buildings, and sculptures are among the possible applications for this research.

No description available.

Cultural preservation efforts have evolved from traditional, site specific projects administered by a single agency, to regional, multi-jurisdictional projects administered by a cooperative partnership. The projects administered cooperative partnerships are a recent phenomena and are often termed heritage preservation projects. An analysis of the evolution of cultural preservation efforts is undertaken through historical and case study research. The selected cases are examples of innovative regional cultural preservation efforts of their era. The results of the analysis provide a descriptive evolution of the cultural preservation efforts, and a description of the components of both traditional preservation efforts and heritage preservation efforts. / Master of Landscape Architecture

Ante la importancia de preservar los patrimonios históricos y culturales de nuestro país, surge la necesidad de reforzar sus estructuras, para el mejor desempeño estructural de las mismas durante el tiempo y ante cualquier evento sísmico. A partir de esta problemática, nace esta investigación, la cual tiene por objetivo general, evaluar y proponer los más adecuados tipos de reforzamiento estructural en adobe para la restauración de la casona de la sociedad de beneficencia, distrito de Lambayeque. El trabajo consistió en la evaluación visual de la casona, a partir de la cual se anotaron las fallas presentes en una ficha de inspección visual, para posteriormente proponer diferentes soluciones de reforzamiento de acuerdo con la gravedad de los daños, después se realizaron ensayos de laboratorio para determinar las propiedades físicas y mecánicas del material, estos resultados se introdujeron al software SAP2000 para poder modelar la estructura sin y con reforzamiento, luego se realizó la comparación de las mismas a partir del análisis de cada una de ellas. De los resultados obtenidos del modelamiento de la casona con los muros reforzados con malla de sogas sintéticas, se concluye que el reforzamiento mejora el comportamiento sísmico disminuyendo los desplazamientos y esfuerzos principales y cortantes en los muros de adobe. / Given the importance of preserving the historical and cultural heritage of our country, the need arises to reinforce its structures, for the best structural performance of the same over time and in the event of any seismic event. From this problem, this research was born, which has the general objective of evaluating and proposing the most appropriate types of structural reinforcement in adobe for the restoration of the mansion of the charitable society, Lambayeque district. The work consisted of the visual evaluation of the house, from which the failures present in a visual inspection sheet were noted, to later propose different reinforcement solutions according to the severity of the damage, then laboratory tests were carried out. To determine the physical and mechanical properties of the material, these results were entered into the SAP2000 software to be able to model the structure without and with reinforcement, then they were compared from the analysis of each one of them. From the results obtained from the modeling of the house with the walls reinforced with synthetic ropes, it is concluded that the reinforcement improves the seismic behavior by reducing the displacements and main and shear stresses in the adobe walls.

by Chan Wai Yin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 165-171). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abstract --- p.iii / List of tables --- p.viii / List of abbreviations --- p.ix / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / The Research Case --- p.2 / The Puzzle --- p.4 / Methodology --- p.6 / Outline of the Thesis --- p.8 / Chapter 2 --- Intergenerational Non-investment-inducing Public Goods and the State --- p.11 / National and Cultural pride as an Intergenerational Non-investment- inducing Public Good --- p.11 / The Nature of the State --- p.19 / Good State --- p.20 / """Neutral"" State" --- p.22 / Bad State --- p.24 / Chapter 3 --- China as an Entrepreneurial State --- p.33 / State Administration in China --- p.33 / Central-local Fiscal Relations from a Historical Perspective --- p.41 / Fragmented State Perspective --- p.45 / Entrepreneurial State Perspective --- p.47 / Public Choice's Critiques --- p.58 / China as an Entrepreneurial State: Revised --- p.66 / Chapter 4 --- Archaeological Protection in China --- p.68 / Archaeological Protection in Democratic Countries --- p.68 / National Laws and Regulations of Archaeological Protection in China --- p.75 / Difficulties Encountered in Archaeological Protection --- p.87 / Chapter 5 --- Preservation of the Relics of the Nanyue Kingdom in Guangzhou --- p.94 / The City of Guangzhou --- p.94 / Regulations on the Protection of the Cultural Relics in the Guangdong Province and Guangzhou --- p.96 / Archaeological Protection in Guangzhou --- p.99 / The Preservation of the Royal Relics of the Nanyue Kingdom --- p.101 / Chapter 6 --- The Political Logic of Preserving Cultural Legacy --- p.118 / Identifying the Individual Actor: Mayors of Guangzhou --- p.119 / Chinese Officials as a Political Actor --- p.121 / Establishing a Modern Civil Service --- p.122 / A Performance-based Civil Service --- p.126 / The Political Logic of Preservation of Cultural Legacy in Guangzhou --- p.133 / Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.146 / The Provision of Intergenerational Non-investment-inducing Public Goods --- p.146 / Public Choice Theory and the Entrepreneurial State Perspective --- p.148 / Reflections on the Study of Chinese Politics --- p.158 / Limitations of the Study --- p.161 / Bibliography --- p.165

Li, Ho Fai. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-117). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / English and Chinese Abstracts --- p.ii / List of Contents --- p.iv / "Index of tables, figures, and diagrams" --- p.vi / Lists of abbreviations and acronyms --- p.vii / Notes --- p.ix / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Research Background and Research Question --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Methodology --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Research Significance --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4 --- "Theoretical Frameworks, Central Arguments and Organization of the Thesis" --- p.6 / Chapter 2. --- Theoretical Frameworks and Literature Review --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1 --- Historical Institutionalism --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2 --- The Study of Heritage Conservation --- p.10 / Chapter 2.3 --- The Study of Civil Society --- p.12 / Chapter 2.4 --- Political Economy of Built Heritage Conservation --- p.14 / Chapter 2.5 --- State-Civil Society Relations in Post-Independence Malaysia --- p.16 / Chapter 3. --- "Case Study of George Town in Penang, Malaysia (1957-2008)" --- p.24 / Chapter 3.1 --- Genesis of George Town as a British Colonial Town --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2 --- Development of George Town in 1950s-1970s --- p.25 / Chapter 3.3 --- Development of George Town in 1980s-2008 --- p.32 / Chapter 3.4 --- Updates of Development of George Town since 2008 --- p.60 / Chapter 4. --- "Analysis of the case of George Town in Penang, Malaysia" --- p.66 / Chapter 4.1 --- A Path of Institutional Change towards Heritage Conservation --- p.67 / Chapter 4.2 --- Structural Basis for Civil Society-state Synergy --- p.69 / Chapter 4.3 --- Conceptualizing the Constructability of Civil society-state Synergy --- p.77 / Chapter 4.4 --- "Identification of ""Critical Juncture"" in the Developmental Path" --- p.82 / Chapter 4.5 --- Sustainability of Civil society-state Synergy --- p.83 / Chapter 5. --- Conclusion and Discussion --- p.88 / Chapter 5.1 --- Brief Review of the Heritage Movement in Penang --- p.88 / Chapter 5.2 --- Summary of Arguments --- p.89

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

O legado das construções clássicas e históricas no Brasil tem sido alvo de demolição, abandono e imperícia. A cidade de Curitiba não foge do contexto, com o intuito de entender a realidade, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo apresentar os principais conceitos e práticas sustentáveis da atualidade, identificando de que maneira e em quais áreas da restauração e conservação da herança cultural podem ser aplicados além de mostrar casos na cidade. Para atender tal objetivo, foram delineados objetivos específicos, como: a sistematização dos conceitos de sustentabilidade e de restauração no contexto atual; analisar diferentes formas de aplicação da tecnologia sustentável na prática de revitalização do patrimônio histórico; entender as principais áreas de interesse nos edifícios a serem preservados; avaliar os elementos arquitetônicos fundamentais para entender a ação sustentável no patrimônio histórico e analisar os parâmetros fundamentais de sustentabilidade em três obras restauradas em Curitiba que são: as Ferragens Hauer, a Vila Sophia e o Hospital Psiquiátrico Nossa Senhora da Luz. Essa pesquisa se justifica, pela necessidade de entender como acontece a relação das políticas, técnicas e ações sustentáveis com a preservação do patrimônio, buscando compreender como isso se reflete no contexto brasileiro. A metodologia utilizada foi exploratória e descritiva. Para analisar as obras de Curitiba utilizou-se a metodologia de Cornejos (2011) que propõe diretrizes para integrar conceitos de sustentabilidade na reutilização adaptativa de edifícios históricos, preservando a dotação cultural da edificação. Os parâmetros analisados envolveram: categoria útil que analisa os aspectos materiais da obra; localização, que analisa os aspectos econômicos; a adaptação vai analisar o aspecto funcional; eficiência energética, que abrange o aspecto tecnológico; senso de lugar, que analisa o aspecto social; padrão de qualidade que se refere ao aspecto legal e o contexto que envolve o aspecto político. Conclui-se que o Brasil precisa de uma aplicação definitiva nas áreas de educação, comunicação, promoção e divulgação do contexto cultural dos seus bens patrimoniais. Para as futuras gerações é importante entender que os conceitos e o desenvolvimento das ideias sustentáveis devem passar obrigatoriamente pela ação direta na restauração do patrimônio cultural. As obras analisadas de Curitiba mostram que a cidade está dando os primeiros passos em direção à preservação e restauro de obras arquitetônicas, revelando a preocupação em deixar uma herança de respeito e valorização a essas construções para as futuras gerações. / The legacy of classical and historical constructions in Brazil has been the target of vandalism, graffiti and total destruction. The city of Curitiba does not escape the rule and, for that reason, the interest for this research appeared, which aims to present the main sustainable concepts and practices of the present, identifying in which way, in what areas of the restoration and conservation of the Cultural heritage, in order to discuss examples in Curitiba. To meet this objective, specific objectives were outlined, such as: the systematization of sustainability and restoration concepts in the current context; Analyze different forms of application of sustainable technology in the practice of revitalizing historical heritage; Understand the main areas of interest in buildings to be preserved; To evaluate the fundamental architectural elements to understand the sustainable action in the historical patrimony and to analyze the fundamental parameters of sustainability in three restored works in Curitiba: Hauer Ferragens, Vila Sophia and Nossa Senhora da Luz Psychiatric Hospital. Justifies, because nowadays, the need to understand how the relation of sustainable policies, techniques and actions with the preservation of the patrimony, seeking to understand how this is reflected in the Brazilian context, becomes clearer day by day. The methodology used was exploratory and descriptive. In order to analyze the works of Curitiba, the methodology of Cornejos (2011) was used to propose guidelines for integrating sustainability concepts into the adaptive reuse of historic buildings, preserving the cultural endowment of the building. The analyzed parameters involved: useful category that analyzes the material aspects of the work; Location, which analyzes the economic aspects; The adaptation will analyze the functional aspect; Energy efficiency, which covers the technological aspect; Sense of place, which analyzes the social aspect; Quality standard that refers to the legal aspect and the context that involves the political aspect. It is concluded that Brazil needs a definitive application in the areas of education, communication, promotion and dissemination of the cultural context of its patrimonial assets. For future generations it is important to understand that the concepts and development of sustainable ideas must pass through direct action in the restoration of cultural heritage. The analyzed works of Curitiba show that the city is taking the first steps towards the preservation and restoration of architectural works, revealing the concern to leave an inheritance of respect to these constructions for future generations.