Orientador: Eusebio Lobo da Silva / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T20:22:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tourinho_LigiaLosada_D.pdf: 80716560 bytes, checksum: 7540f8bd1a3dfc7474f2b4453ea22dd0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa apresenta uma reflexão sobre as dramaturgias da contemporaneidade, entendendo que seus significados atuais não são sinônimos de texto dramático, mas suas acepções contemporâneas dizem respeito às estruturas artísticas que determinam a composição cênica. A primeira parte desta tese é destinada à apresentação do panorama atual das pesquisas sobre o tema e, a uma revisão histórica sobre o(s) conceito(s) de dramaturgia desde o início da civilização ocidental até os dias de hoje. Na atualidade, a dramaturgia passa a ser um campo de investigação presente nas Artes da Cena. Essas estruturas cênicas podem ser estabelecidas em diversas configurações dramatúrgicas. O texto dramático é entendido como uma das possibilidades de registro, documentação e estruturação cênica; mas, não como a única. O processo de estruturação cênica está diretamente atrelado à poética daquele que cria a obra artística, na figura do diretor, coreógrafo, de quem assina a concepção. As dramaturgias contemporâneas se manifestam como protocolos de criação dos artistas responsáveis pela autoria dos espetáculos. A segunda parte desta tese destina-se à reflexão sobre as perspectivas atuais de análise espetacular, sobre a conceituação de dramaturgia como protocolos de criação e à discussão de novas terminologias dramatúrgicas como dramaturgias do corpo, dramaturgia do ator, dramaturgias da dança, dramaturgias da forma, dramaturgia de tensões, etc.. Em uma última etapa da pesquisa, desenvolve-se uma reflexão sobre a pesquisa de campo desta tese, que envolveu a reflexão sobre um processo dramatúrgico laboratorial - Projeto Jogo Coreográfico - e, processos dramatúrgicos de quatorze artistas residentes na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A pesquisa de campo se desenvolveu a partir de diretrizes de uma metodologia experimental qualitativa compreendendo entrevistas e observação de espetáculos. / Abstract: This research synthesizes the contemporary dramaturgy concepts, understanding that its current meaning is not synonymous of dramatic text, but its contemporary interpretation is about artistic structures that determine the scenic composition. The first part of this PHD research is destined to the presentation of the current panorama of research on the theme and a historical review of the dramaturgy concept since the first civilization up to now. In current days, dramaturgy starts to be a field of investigation present in all Performing Arts. These scenic structures can be established in different dramaturgy configurations, so the dramatic text is one way of record, documentation and scenic structuring, but it is not the only one. The process of scenic structuring is connected to the poetic of the one who creates the artistic work, in the role of the director, choreographer, of who signs the conception. Contemporary dramaturgies are manifested as creation protocols of the artists responsible for the authorship of the plays. The second part of this research is destined to the reflection over the current perspectives of spectacular analysis, over the concept of dramaturgy as creation protocols and to the discussion of new dramaturgy terminologies as dramaturgies of the body. / Doutorado / Artes / Doutor em Artes

A presente tese pretende discutir a construção da palavra na obra dramatúrgica do franco-suíço Valère Novarina. Considerado um dos maiores dramaturgos em atividade na França, ele também é encenador, pintor e desenhista. Sua obra, dividida em proposições teóricas, puramente teatrais e o teatro utópico, é construída a partir do preceito de que a palavra deve romper com a comunicação cotidiana e se ligar a sua corporificação no ator. Para dar conta dessas perspectivas, dois aspectos são analisados neste estudo: a ideia de jogos de linguagem cunhada por Ludwig Wittgenstein, aqui utilizada para desenvolver a ênfase novarinesca na palavra desarticulada; e a ideia de vocalidade desenvolvida por Paul Zumthor, que remete às noções corpóreas e fisiológicas construídas na obra de Valère Novarina. Esse estudo teórico é finalizado com uma análise acerca da teoria dos atos de fala de John Austin e sua intersecção com a obra do dramaturgo. Para tanto, analisou-se a produção textual recente de Novarina. Com a prática de republicar textos após a sua encenação, Novarina exalta as transformações realizadas pela cena. Com isso, esta tese se dedicou à análise de três textos do dramaturgo, dos quais dois já estão publicados. Primeiramente foi realizada uma comparação entre os textos Le Vivier des Noms e Entrée Perpértuelle, - este último, versão cênica do livro que foi publicado em 2015. Esse capítulo foi a base para a análise das transformações encontradas no texto escrito, que reverberam as realizações cênicas. Num segundo momento, analisou-se o texto L\'homme hors de lui, ainda não publicado. O texto analisado é uma espécie de arquivo das transformações textuais decorrentes do processo criativo cênico, o qual pode-se acompanhar em 2017, e que deu suporte para indicar como as modificações textuais advém da encenação. Por fim, o estudo finaliza com a apresentação do trecho Les quatre états du Texte, presente no livro Lumières du Corps para traçar paralelos entre o processo criativo de Novarina e o texto que tem base na construção da linguagem no espaço. Seguem-se algumas proposições que aprofundam e reforçam os diversos processos criativos a que o texto de Novarina é vinculado, dando dimensão da riqueza do trabalho do dramaturgo e principalmente da condição performativa de seus textos, mesmo que no papel. / The present thesis intends to argue the construction of the word in the dramaturgical work of the Franco-Swiss Valère Novarina. Recognized as one of the greatest playwrights in activity in France, he is also director, painter and drawer. His work - divided into theoretical propositions, purely theatrical and utopian theater - is built from the precept that the word must break with daily communication and link its embodiment in actor. To account these angles, two aspects are analyzed in this survey: the idea of language games minted by Ludwig Wittgenstein, used here to develop the Novarina\'s emphasis on the disjointed word; and the vocality idea developed by Paul Zumthor, which alludes to corporeal and physiological concepts constructed in Valère Novarina work\'s. We conclude this theoretical study with an analysis of John Austin\'s theory of speech acts and his intersection with the playwright\'s work. For this, was reviwed the recent Novarina\'s textual production. With the practice of republishing texts after performance season, Novarina exalts the transformations made by the scene. Thus, this thesis engaged to analysis three playwright\'s texts, two of which are already published. Firstily we compare the texts Le Vivier des Noms and Entrée Perpértuelle, - the latter, the book\'s scenic version that was published in 2015. This chapter was the basis for the analysis of the transformations found in the written text, which reverberate the scenic achievements. In a second moment, was analyze the text L\'homme hors de lui, not yet published. The text analyzed is kind of archive of the textual transformations resulting from the scenic creative process, which can be followed in 2017, and which gave support to indicate how the textual modifications come from the performance. Finally, the study ends with the presentation of the excerpt Les Quatre États du Texte, present in the book Lumières du Corps to draw parallels between the creative process of Novarina and the text that is based on the construction of language in space. These are followed by some thesis that deepen and reinforce the sundry creative processes to which Novarina\'s text is linked, giving a dimension of playwright work\'s tichness and mainly of the performative condition of his texts, even if on paper.

Examiner la dramaturgie québécoise contemporaine, c’est travailler la singularité et emprunter d’autres voies de la mise en crise du drame. Cette thèse montre comment des auteurs opèrent un double mouvement de représentation et de figuration qui renouvelle le drame. Malgré une décomposition de celui-ci, cette dramaturgie maintient une prégnance de la fable et du personnage grâce à la permanence de la fiction. Les auteurs continuent d’être des raconteurs d’histoires, mais les stratégies narratives ne vont plus de soi et engendrent un questionnement sur le personnage qui se transforme en agent essentiel des combinatoires explorées. Si les possibilités fictionnelles s’accroissent à partir des structures traditionnelles, elles se nourrissent aussi des données du personnage et inversement – une entité équivoque émerge et interroge d’autres modalités de présence dans le texte et sur le plateau. Par une exacerbation des sensations dans le discours, le personnage se change en espace esthésiogène. Cette approche n’est pas liée à une radicalisation de la forme et du contenu ; l’évolution s’inscrit dans une continuité historique et s’apparente à un nouveau développement de la dramaturgie québécoise. Une dramaturgie de l’entre-deux émerge, celle d’un territoire trouble, propice à la métamorphose et à l’expérience. Fable et personnage apparaissent comme des médias touchant tous les composants du drame. Le personnage devient le corps du récit et la fable donne corps au personnage, l’action se concentre autour de l’histoire à raconter. La persistance et la mutation de ces données provoquent aussi des répercutions dans les régimes de parole ou les cadres spatio-temporels. Une instabilité s’installe donnant à voir des univers poreux, mêlant réel et légendaire, laissant entrevoir de nouvelles possibilités dramaturgiques, notamment pour le spectateur. / To consider Québec contemporary drama means to work on singularity and implies taking other routes than the one leading to the crisis of the dramatic form. This thesis demonstrates how some playwrights operate a double movement of representation and figuration that renews the dramatic form. Despite its state of decomposition, those writings manage to sustain the imprint of the story and of the character thanks to the omnipresence of the fiction. The playwrights keep on being storytellers but the narrative strategies used are no longer an evidence and therefore generate a questioning of the character that further transforms itself into an essential agent of combinations previously explored. If the possibilities of the fiction are growing from traditional structures, they feed themselves from facts coming from the character and, conversely – an equivocal entity emerges and interrogates other modality of presence within the text and on stage. By an exacerbation of the sensations within the speech, the character transforms itself into an espace esthésiogène. This approach is not related to a radicalisation of the form or of the content; its evolution is part of an historical continuity and is connected to a new development in Québec drama. A dramaturgy of the “in between” emerges, a dramaturgy of the disturbed land, favourable to metamorphosis and experience. Story and character appear as medias touching all aspects of the drama. The character becomes the substance of the narrative and the fable gives shape to the character, the action focuses on the story to be told. The persistence and the mutation of this data have repercussions within levels of speech or other spatial-temporal frames. A certain instability settles in and allows us to see porous worlds, combining reality and legend, suggesting new dramaturgical possibilities, especially for the spectator.

Cette thèse porte sur les caractéristiques du théâtre du monde telles qu’elles se manifestent dans différentes œuvres dramatiques contemporaines francophones. Il s’agit d’envisager sept pièces de ce répertoire comme autant d’images du monde, dans la mesure où elles convoquent les emblèmes de la vie terrestre : humaine, animale, végétale, et problématisent leurs interactions dans un espace-temps universel. Dans une partie introductive, on rassemble et commente les principales contributions universitaires à la réflexion sur la notion historique de théâtre du monde. Dans la partie principale, on observe les prolongements contemporains de la métaphore à travers l’étude des pièces du corpus. Une présentation générale des moteurs et motifs d’écriture des dramaturges introduit chaque analyse de texte, basée sur une grille de lecture calquée sur les catégories constitutives du drame : personnages, espace et temps, actions, didascalies. Le corps de la thèse est ainsi conçu comme l’exploration de sept déclinaisons du théâtre du monde, partant de la représentation la plus abstraite pour aboutir à la plus organique. Une synthèse boucle ce parcours en soulignant que les pièces dépendent de trois modèles de composition, déterminant autant de combinaisons des catégories dramatiques. Cette classification dévoile enfin l’ambition qui génère chaque projet d’écriture. En conclusion, il apparaît que le théâtre du monde dont on s’accorde généralement à penser qu’il est un topos daté évoquant la théâtralité de la vie humaine, est un cadre générique assez fort pour résister à la poétique du drame contemporain, assez vaste pour accueillir les inventions dramaturgiques les plus singulières. / This thesis deals with the characteristics of the theatre of the world metaphor, as they appear in several contemporary french-speaking plays. Seven plays have been selected as images of the world, since they summon various emblematic elements of life on earth: humans, animals and flora, and emphasize their interaction in a universal surroundings. Firstly, the principal academic contributions concerning the historical notion of theatre of the world are gathered and commented. The main part of the research consists of the demonstration of the metaphor's contemporary extensions, through the study of the corpus. The analysis of each play is preceded by a presentation of its author's writing motivations and motives. Then, the play itself is examined carefully with the help of a reading grid which focuses successively on the dramatic categories : characters, space and time, actions, stage directions. Thus, the thesis's body is built as an exploration of seven variations of the theatre of the world, beginning with the most abstract one and leading to the most organic one. A synthesis ends this journey, pointing out that the plays match three composition patterns, which induces many combinations of the dramatic categories. This classification unveils the ambition at the origin of each writing project. In conclusion, it appears that the theatre of the world, generally considered as an old topos which refers to the theatrality of human life, is a framework strong enough to stand up to the poetics of comtemporary drama, and vast enough to house the most singular dramaturgic inventions.

Avec l’avènement du numérique, nous étions à même de penser que ces avancées technologiques sans précédent assureraient la pérennité archivistique et concrétiseraient le triomphe de la connaissance. Or, force est de constater que rien n’a jamais été autant perdu, oublié. La migration des archives – d’un support vers un autre toujours plus performant – entraine leur effacement, leur perte. L’obsession pour la conservation à outrance fait partie de ces phénomènes d’hypermnésie amnésiante actuels qui conduisent inéluctablement les sociétés vers la disparition de leur historicité. Le spectacle solo 887 (créé à Québec, en 2015) de Robert Lepage repose sur les traces du passé – mémoire à la fois intime et collective ancrée dans les années 1960 et 1970. Le titre fait référence à l’adresse où l’artiste a vécu son enfance : au 887 de l’avenue Murray, dans le quartier Montcalm, à Québec. La pièce met en lumière un aspect paradoxal de l’oubli soit qu’on doit, par les différentes modalités mémorielles, faire l’effort de ne pas oublier et en même temps qu’on doit oublier pour se souvenir. En effet, de récentes études, au sein des neurosciences, démontrent que l’oubli est non seulement indissociable de la mémoire – étant son corollaire et non un adversaire – mais qu’il est vital. Le solo 887 lutte inlassablement contre les surgissements amnésiques et en ce sens, nous avançons qu’il est une œuvre de résistance contre l’oubli trouvant sa régulation en se remémorant autant qu’il oublie. C’est sur ce paradoxe que cette recherche portera. Elle interroge l’autobiographie lepagienne révélant que l’authenticité du discours mémoriel nécessite l’adhésion du public et exige sa coprésence pour reconstruire les fragments du passé. Les traces mnésiques jaillissent, dans 887, à travers l’architecture de la scène par les images, les écrans – des surfaces d’inscription s’il en est – les objets et les personnages. Les personnages façonnés par l’artiste s’imposent tels des lieux de mémoire et les interactions qui s’opèrent entre les différentes composantes du plateau scénique – incluant l’acteur – sont des médiations du passé. Ce mémoire s’appuie sur des considérations diamétralement opposées. D’une part, sur les travaux d’Henri Bergson et de Paul Ricœur pour qui l’oubli est l’anéantissement de toute vie et d’autre part, sur ceux de Friedrich Nietzsche qui le perçoit comme l’une des conditions essentielles de toute action. Au terme de cette étude, c’est une vision renouvelée de l’oubli que nous tentons d’apporter. / With the advent of digital technology, we were in a position to think that these unprecedented technological advances would ensure archival sustainability and make the triumph of knowledge a reality. However, it is clear that nothing has ever been so lost and forgotten. The migration of archives - from one medium to another ever more powerful - leads to their deletion, their loss. The obsession for excessive preservation is part of the current phenomena of “amnesing hypermagnesia,” which inexorably leads societies towards the disappearance of their historicity. Robert Lepage’s solo show 887 (premiered in Quebec City in 2015) is based on the traces of the past - a memory that is both intimate and collective, rooted in the 1960s and 1970s. The title refers to the address where the artist spent his childhood : 887 Murray Avenue, in the Montcalm district of Quebec City. The piece brings to light a paradoxical aspect of forgetting, namely that one must, through the various modalities of memory, make the effort not to forget and at the same time, one must forget in order to remember. Indeed, recent studies in neuroscience show that forgetting is not only inseparable from memory - being its corollary and not an adversary - but that it is vital. Solo 887 fights tirelessly against amnesic surges. In this sense we argue that it is a work of resistance against forgetting, finding its regulation by remembering as much as it forgets. It is on this paradox that this research will focus. It questions the Lepagian autobiography revealing that the authenticity of the memorial discourse requires the adhesion of the audience and demands its copresence to reconstruct the fragments of the past. In 887, the mnemonic traces spring up, through the architecture of the scene by the images, the screens - surfaces of inscription if any - the objects and the characters. The characters shaped by the artist stand as places of memory, and the interactions that take place between the different components of the stage - including the actor - are mediations of the past. This memory is based on opposed considerations. On the one hand, on Henri Bergson and Paul Ricœur’s, for whom forgetting is the destruction of all life, and on the other hand, on the work of Friedrich Nietzsche, who sees it as one of the essential conditions of all action. At the end of this study, it is a renewed vision of oblivion that we are trying to bring about.