In this 7.5 HEC B-level thesis in Computer Science, a service desk web application is designed for Swedish government agencies with integrated major incident reporting functionality to the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap). There are several advantages to integrating the major incident reporting procedure into the regular incident management process - information would no longer have to be duplicated, and the problems of untraceability and under-reporting could additionally be solved. The proof-of-concept application was designed and partially developed with ASP.NET Core (MVC) web framework and Bootstrap front-end framework. The user interface was evaluated with heuristic evaluation by the author and two master’s students in Information Security at Luleå Technical University. Although the proposed software and interface design may have left room for improvement, it did highlight the societal need for an efficient and responsible incident management process and the general benefits of integration.

Syftet med vår uppsats har varit att undersöka vilka möjligheter det civila näringslivet har att stödja Försvarsmakten med reparations- och underhållstjänst av försvarsmaktsgemensam materiel under en säkerhetspolitisk kris. Utvecklingen av vårt Totalförsvars har återigen blivit en aktuell fråga, kopplat till det säkerhetspolitiska läget i Europa idag. Det svenska Totalförsvaret syftar till att det civila försvaret tillsammans med Försvarsmakten gemensamt ska stärka samhällets motståndskraft. Ett starkt och robust civilt försvar är en förutsättning för att samhället ska kunna stödja Försvarsmakten under kriser och krig. Metoden som har varit vår ledstång under studien bygger på en induktiv ansats med ett explorativt förhållningssätt. Själva datainsamlingen och bearbetningen av den har varit kvalitativ, där datainsamlingen har genomförts genom semistrukturerade intervjuer av respondenter från både näringslivet och Försvarsmakten. De insamlade data i form av intervjuunderlag har analyserats, kodats och grupperats i teman enligt metoden tematisk analys. Resultatet från studien visar på att Sverige inte längre har den förmåga till krisberedskap som vi hade i slutet av 1990-talet och där regeringen slutligen upphävde förordningen kring motorreparationstjänsten. Vårt insamlade underlag visar dock på att såväl statliga offentliga utredningar, som myndigheter och det civila näringslivet ser ett behov och möjlighet till att kunna återskapa någon form av samverkan mellan civila företag och Försvarsmakten för att öka tillgängligheten på försvarsmaktsgemensam materiel. Studien har kommit fram till att Sverige har förutsättningar för att kunna bygga upp en krisberedskap kring reparations- och underhållstjänst i likhet med den vi hade före juni 2007. I denna nya krisberedskap har civila företag en uppgift i att stödja Försvarsmakten med reparations- och underhållstjänst av försvarsmaktsgemensam materiel vid kriser, väpnat angrepp och krig. / The purpose of this thesis has been to investigate what opportunities the commercial industry has to support the Armed Forces with repair and maintenance services of armed forces common equipment during a security policy crisis. The development of our Total Defence has once again become a topical issue, linked to the security policy situation in Europe today. The Swedish Total Defence aims to ensure that civil defence, together with the Swedish Armed Forces, jointly strengthens the overall resilience of society. A strong and robust civil defence is a prerequisite for society to be able to support the Armed Forces during crises and war. The method that has been our guidance during the study is based on an inductive approach with an exploratory approach. The data collection and its processing has been qualitative, where the data collection has been carried out through semi-structured interviews of respondents from both the commercial industry and the Swedish Armed Forces. The collected data in the form of interview data has been analysed, coded and grouped into themes according to the method of thematic analysis. The results of the study show that Sweden no longer has the capacity for crisis preparedness that we had in the late 1990s and where the government in the end repealed the regulation on the Total Defence repair and maintenance service. However, our collected data shows that both government public inquiries, as well as authorities and the commercial industry, once again see a need and opportunity to recreate some form of collaboration between civilian companies and the Armed Forces in order to increase the availability of joint armed forces equipment. The study has concluded that Sweden has the prerequisites to be able to establish a repair and maintenance service similar to the one we had before June 2007. Where civilian companies have a role in supporting the Armed Forces with the repair and maintenance service of armed forces common equipment in the event of crises, armed attack or war.

[pt] Centros de operação ao redor do mundo têm verificado o aumento da complexidade ao longo dos anos, principalmente pela grande quantidade de novas informações que devem ser consideradas. No sistema elétrico brasileiro não é diferente, impactado pela participação cada vez mais ativa de fontes renováveis, como eólicas e fotovoltaicas, além de elos de corrente contínua. Seguindo uma tendência global, a consideração de valores de inércia sincronizada para a avaliação do desempenho da frequência e de fluxos sistêmicos se faz necessária, configurando-se como uma nova informação a ser exposta à operação em tempo real. Visando garantir mais segurança e confiabilidade ao ambiente de tempo real, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo traduzir os estudos realizados pela equipe de planejamento do ONS para a operação, através de um sistema capaz de monitorar parâmetros como a inércia sincronizada, reserva de potência operativa e outras informações associadas, ampliando a consciência situacional dos usuários. Além disso, o sistema deve promover simulações de contingências severas que possam provocar atuações de esquemas de corte de carga e indicar ações que possam ser realizadas para mitigar o problema. / [en] Operation centers around the world have verified an increase of the complexity throughout the years, mostly due to huge amounts of new information that must be considered. The Brazilian electric system is no different, impacted by the increasingly active participation of renewable sources, such as wind and photovoltaic, as well as direct current links. Following a global trend, the consideration of values of synchronous inertia for the evaluation of the performance of the frequency is necessary, configuring as a new information to be exposed to real-time operation. With the purpose of guaranteeing more safety and reliability to the real-time environment, this work has the goal of translating the studies carried out by the ONS planning team to the operation, through a system capable of monitoring parameters such as synchronous inertia, operating reserve and other associated informations, increasing users situational awareness. Besides that, the system must promote simulations of severe contingencies that may trigger load shedding schemes and indicate actions that can be taken to soften the problem.

Some earlier studies have explored the peripheralization of sparsely populated municipalities and the urban-rural divide, both in Sweden and abroad. However, few studies have explored if central actors in the Swedish crisis management system puts these municipalities in their peripheralization according to the ones who conduct the crisis management in the sparsely populated municipalities. Therefore, this study aims to help fill that knowledge gap by capturing the attitudes and experiences from the ones working with crisis preparedness in those municipalities, regarding the handbooks and the other support the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency offers. The study is conducted by semi-structured interviews with those who work with crisis preparedness on a municipal level, in sparsely populated regions. After the interviews a narrative method, together with analysis tools from Michael Foucault’s theories about power dynamics is applied. Although many good things were said about the handbooks, the results presented two narratives. The first about the peripheralization of the rural areas and the other about an understanding of the urban perspective. An application of the analysis tools made it clear that power dynamics where visible in the narratives. The urban areas have the power to create norms and exclude the rural perspective, while at the same time making it fair and reasonable according to the ones who are affected by it. Which clearly illustrates the power dynamics at play.

The purpose of the study was to construct a psycho-social model for team cohesion at a financial institution. The financial institution had been in existence for 127 years, and had faced significant challenges throughout its history of acquisitions and mergers to establish working teams that would give it a competitive edge in global financial markets. The research objective was to develop a psycho-social model for team cohesion by investigating the interrelationships and overall relationships amongst the independent constructs (self-worth, personality preferences and conflict resolution styles) and the relevant outcome (team cohesion). Furthermore, the study also scientifically tested the possible moderating effect of the employees’ socio-demographic characteristics (race, gender, age, level of education, job level and tenure) on the fostering of team cohesiveness. A quantitative cross-sectional survey design approach was selected and applied to a simple probability sample (N = 463) using standardised, valid and reliable measuring instruments. The population consisted of permanent employees, and the results revealed significant relationships between the construct variables. The canonical correlation indicated a significant overall relationship between the contingencies of self-worth domains, personality preferences and conflict resolution styles, and the team cohesion-related dispositions of cohesiveness and engaged. The structured equation modelling indicated a good fit of the data between the individuals’ contingencies of self-worth domains (family support, God’s love, virtues, competition, work competence, physical appearance and pleasing others), the accommodating conflict resolution style, an extraversion personality preference, and team cohesion. Hierarchical moderated regression showed that race, age, educational level and job tenure significantly moderated the relationship between the participants’ psycho-social attributes and team cohesion. Tests for significant mean differences revealed significant differences in terms of the socio-biographical variables. On a theoretical level, the study deepened understanding of the antecedent constructs (self-worth, personality preferences and conflict resolution styles) and team cohesion construct. On an empirical level, the study produced an empirically tested psycho-social model for team cohesion. This study will add significant practical, valuable knowledge to the organisation in managing the future establishment and enhancement of team cohesion, and when integrating new team members to the environment during organisational restructuring and re-alignment after acquisitions and mergers, without negatively affecting organisational effectiveness. These findings invariably provided new insight in managing and understanding inherent interpersonal conflict among employees in the workplace and the enhancement of team cohesion practices, thus adding to the existing body of knowledge in the fields of Consulting Psychology and Industrial and Organisational Psychology, more specifically in financial organisations. / Psychology / D. Phil. (Consulting Psychology)

Den här uppsatsen undersöker hur Folkhälsomyndigheten, Socialstyrelsen och Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap (MSB) konstruerar identiteter och gemenskaper med de inledande anförandena under de myndighetsgemensamma pressträffarna om covid-19. Materialet utgörs av 40 transkriberade anföranden från perioden mars 2020 till januari 2021 som analyseras i tre steg. I det första identifieras samtliga personliga pronomen i subjektsposition, och VI- och MAN-omtalens klusivitet kategoriseras. I det andra bestäms vilka processtyper som talarna realiserar med omtalen utifrån systemisk-funktionell grammatik. Därefter grupperas omtalen i tre gemenskaper: Myndigheten, Situationen och Allmänheten. I det sista steget analyseras graden av dialogicitet i gemenskaperna utifrån appraisalteorin. Därtill identifieras ett urval samhörighetsmarkörer. Resultatet visar att de tre myndigheterna använder sex typer av VI och fyra typer av MAN. De föredrar att tala om Myndigheten och framställa den som handlingskraftig och kunnig, en karakterisering de också förutsätter att lyssnaren delar. Situationen som gemenskap präglas av beskrivningar och tolkningar, medan Allmänheten formas med uppmaningar och instruktioner. På vilket sätt myndigheterna omtalar gemenskaperna, och i vilken utsträckning de öppnar för andra perspektiv, varierar. Skillnaderna i de språkliga valen kan till viss del förklaras av myndigheternas skilda uppdrag och målgrupper. Men det utbredda användandet av mottagarinkluderande VI bör studeras vidare för att fastställa om inkluderandet är ett uttryck för en tillfällig närhetsskapande kriskommunikationsstrategi eller en indikation på en ytterligare informalisering av myndighetsspråket. / This thesis investigates how three Swedish public authorities – the Public Health Agency of Sweden, the National Board of Health and Welfare, and the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency – establish identities and alliances in their initial statements during the joint press conferences on covid-19. The material consists of 40 statements made between March 2020 and January 2021. The transcribed statements are analysed in three steps. First, each personal pronoun in the subject position is identified, and the clusivity of first-person plural VI (we) and generic MAN (one) are categorized. Second, the process associated with these pronouns is determined using the systemic functional grammar framework. The categories are then grouped into three speaker-included alliances: The Authority, The Situation, and The General public. In the third step, based on the Appraisal framework these alliances are analysed by the level of engagement stated by the speaker. A selection of lexical indicators of belongingness is also identified. The result shows that the three authorities use six types of first-person plural VI and four types of generic pronoun MAN. They prefer to talk about The Authority and portray it as vigorous and knowledgeable, a characterization they expect the listener to share. The Situation is characterized by descriptions and interpretations, while The General public is established with exhortations and instructions. How the authorities define the alliances and to what extent they are open to other perspectives varies. The differences in linguistic choices can, to a certain degree, be explained by the authorities’ different responsibilities and target audiences. However, the wide dispersive use of a first-person plural VI which includes the public should be further studied to determine if it expresses a crisis communications strategy to temporarily achieve proximity to the citizens or indicates a continuing informalization of the official language.