Communicating archaeological findings to the public has become increasingly important in contract archeology in recent years and is now a legal requirement. Public contacts earlier meant that it was the experts, the archaeologists, who would communicate the knowledge to the public. Today, social media offers new opportunities to reach new groups and to communicate. Simultaneously the archaeologists, employed by different firms, find themselves in a new competitive situation. It may therefore be important to present the own activities in a way that strengthens the brand and to legitimize the business for the County Administration that shares the commissions, as well as for those providing the funding, the taxpayers. This paper is based on a case study on how archaeologists produce narratives on themselves, their profession and archaeology as a science on a Facebook page and on blog posts, connected to an archaeological project in the county of Östergötland in Sweden. The Facebook posts and snapshots from the blog have been reviewed and classified in an analysis of the narrative the archaeologists mediates. The study shows how building a brand is as prominent a reason for using social media as presenting the scientific findings. It is also evident that as an information source with great potential, social media could be utilized much more structured and focused.

In this paper I assess the potential for improvement in the documentation of metal detecting in the Swedish contract archaeology. I then investigate how such an improvement could be achieved. The study consists of three parts. I begin by defining what makes up high-quality documentation of metal detecting. I then use this definition to develop criteria for an assessment system. In the second part I use this assessment system for a quantitative analysis of archaeological archive reports from four of the largest contract-archaeology organizations in the Lake Mälaren area. Finally I report on interviews I have made with representatives from two of the studied organizations to seek possible explanations for the results of my analysis. My study confirms that there is considerable room for improvement in the analyzed archive reports, and sheds light on what parts of the documentation show frequent flaws. The results suggest that information specific to metal detecting is the most lacking, such as the selection of metal indications and fieldwork conditions. But there are also considerable flaws in more elementary information about surveys, which would probably never be accepted if it were a question of more traditional fieldwork methods.

<p>In the year 2007 the Swedish National Heritage Board released directions for how the contractarchaeology in Sweden should carry out their work. These directions stressed that a differentapproach to the archaeological finds should be used – that would lead to a higher degree ofselection than before. The purpose of this essay is to find the reason why this change indirections occurred, and this is done by a study of the history of the rescue archaeology inSweden. The other purpose of this essay is to examine if the excavation strategies inarchaeological excavation reports from different times, correlates with the general guidingprinciples for the contract archaeology in Sweden of that time.There are several reasons why the change in directions occurred, but it seems as the mainreasons are practical. The handling of archaeological finds is relatively expensive andarchaeological researches of today generally don’t need to take care of all the finds for theinterpretation. Consequently there is no reason to save everything. The study of theexcavation reports show that there is correlation between the excavation techniques used, andthe general guiding principles for the contract archaeology of that time.</p>

In the year 2007 the Swedish National Heritage Board released directions for how the contractarchaeology in Sweden should carry out their work. These directions stressed that a differentapproach to the archaeological finds should be used – that would lead to a higher degree ofselection than before. The purpose of this essay is to find the reason why this change indirections occurred, and this is done by a study of the history of the rescue archaeology inSweden. The other purpose of this essay is to examine if the excavation strategies inarchaeological excavation reports from different times, correlates with the general guidingprinciples for the contract archaeology in Sweden of that time.There are several reasons why the change in directions occurred, but it seems as the mainreasons are practical. The handling of archaeological finds is relatively expensive andarchaeological researches of today generally don’t need to take care of all the finds for theinterpretation. Consequently there is no reason to save everything. The study of theexcavation reports show that there is correlation between the excavation techniques used, andthe general guiding principles for the contract archaeology of that time.

Since the 1980s, there has been a growing consciousness among heritage workers and policy makers about the management of indigenous heritage. Museums, universities, and other cultural institutions around the world have acknowledged that old work practices must be exchanged for new ones, where the indigenous peoples are allowed influence, stewardship, and interpretative prerogative. One result of these efforts is the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (2007). With the breakthrough of public archaeology and community archaeology in the 1990s, these ambitions have also been put into practice in multiple archaeological projects around the globe. In my research, I examine the heritage management system of Sweden, and how this system works in relation to the indigenous Sámi.  Despite being on the retreat geographically for the past few centuries, the Sámi still dispose of about 50% of the area of Sweden for the grazing of their reindeer, which means the historical and cultural landscape of the Sámi is vast and the archaeological traces of their activities are spread over a large area. In Sweden, about 90% of all archaeological projects are due to land development projects and conducted by archaeological companies operating on a commercial market. The remaining 10% are research projects financed by public funding and mostly conducted by museums and universities.  Investigating the Swedish county of Jämtland as a case study and drawing on interviews with ten actors with different perspectives on Sámi heritage, I study what happens when policy meets practice. The indigenous perspective appears to be considered less in contract archaeology than in research projects. Legislation, money, old habits, and the realities of everyday life obstruct indigenous influence. But my research results suggest that there are also ways of improving the system.

This licentiate thesis investigates the use of digital visualisations for knowledge production and communication of maritime heritage located underwater. The archaeological practice that takes place in response to development, contract archaeology, is the field that is being investigated. Much of the practical and administrative aspects of contract maritime work involves the survey, excavation and interpretation of archaeological remains. In addition, shifts in heritage policy emphasise that the results of this work move beyond their own value to provide access and democratic participation to heritage and be of benefit to society (e.g. Faro Convention, 2005). Since the inaccessibility of maritime archaeology underwater makes outreach especially challenging, digital, and in particular 3D, technologies have been recognised as having great potential to meet the needs of both maritime archaeological researchers and public audiences. Advances in methodologies for digitally documenting and visualising archaeological sites, both on land and underwater, are providing a range of innovative and multidisciplinary solutions for both archaeological analysis and outreach activities. The aim of this research is to understand current uses of digital visualisation for knowledge production and communication of maritime archaeology located underwater, in order to identify knowledge gaps that would benefit from future research. This aim is met through a study drawn primarily from the fields of digital archaeology, maritime archaeology and heritage studies, as well as discourse and thematic analysis of the factors that influence the use of these technologies in the sector. The case study is the contract maritime archaeology sector in Scandinavia, with a primary focus on the practice in Sweden and also including perspectives from the Danish and Norwegian sectors. The results show that an emphasis on efficiency within the contract sector shapes the understanding and use of digital technologies, in some instances limiting their potential for archaeological interpretation and communication. While the maritime sector was found to be partly defined and restricted by a distinct identity, at times operating independently from mainstream archaeology, it was also found to be open to innovation. This represents great potential for digital workflows aimed at enhancing both interpretation and communication to be applied to the maritime archaeological sector in the future.

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På senare år har miljöarkeologi genomgått en signifikant utveckling, men det är inte helt tydligt på vilket sätt den kommersiella sidan av arkeologi har följt med i utvecklingen. Det huvudsakliga målet med denna studie är att utforska hur miljöarkeologin tillämpas inom den svenska uppdragsarkeologin. Studien utvärderar krav och föreskrifter gällande miljöarkeologi inom uppdragsarkeologi genom att studera lagar, och relevanta texter författade av Riksantikvarieämbetet och Länsstyrelserna. Studien utforskar också hur ofta miljöarkeologi appliceras inom det uppdragsarkeologiska arbetet genom att studera ett urval arkeologiska undersökningar där de enskilda Länsstyrelsernas krav och utredarnas (arkeologernas) val av miljöarkeologiska analysmetoder sammanställs och jämförs. Fortsättningsvis utforskar studien vilka uppdragsarkeologiska undersökningar som använder vilken typ av miljöarkeologiska analysmetoder genom att studera rapporter från Västerbottens län publicerade mellan åren 2010 och 2024. Resultaten visar på att miljöarkeologi är ett krav från Länsstyrelserna när det är ansett att vara en del av god vetenskaplig kvalité. Kraven på miljöarkeologi skiljer sig åt mellan de olika länen. De miljöarkeologiska analysmetoder som används inom uppdragsarkeologi, både i jämförelsen mellan olika län samt i sammanställningen av olika uppdragsarkeologiska undersökningar inom Västerbotten, visar på ett begränsat urval av möjliga metoder. Val av miljöarkeologiska analysmetoder har dock blivit mer varierat, samt tillämpats oftare, på senare år. De underliggande orsakerna till resultaten beror sannolikt på större systematiska problem inom den uppdragsarkeologiska sektorn.

Archaeology is a popular subject which the public has the opportunity to meet in a variety of contexts. In addition to television documentaries, non-fiction and popular science magazines, archaeology has even played a significant role in the fictional world. Apart from these sources, you can also find archaeology in news reports where the newspapers or the tv-stations acts like mediators of archaeological news based on the archaeological work that is currently ongoing in our present time. Since it is now a demand on Swedish contract archaeology to communicate it's results, the news media often gets to play the role as the link between the archaeologists and the public. This paper is based on an analyse of archaeological news presented in local newspapers. The aim of the study was to investigate the visual mediation of archaeology to the reader. The results showed that the visual mediation of archaeological news is not only based on the selection of photos or illustrations. According to this survey, visual mediation can also be constructed using particular words that either describe the factual characteristics or words that alludes to the fictional world. Archaeological news that are channeled through local newspapers tend to reflect a narrow view of the archaeological discipline. The reason for this can probably be seen as a consequence of the relationship between archaeology and the society. In order to broaden the currently prevailing image of the archaeological discipline, this paper arguments for a much closer and more deliberate collaboration between local news media and archaeologists.

Em todo país, áreas de diferentes comunidades têm sido atingidas por grandes obras de infraestrutura, em função do Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento (PAC) do Governo Federal. Arqueólogos responsáveis por parte do licenciamento ambiental têm se deparado com o desafio de trabalhar com essas comunidades e, geralmente, em um curto espaço de tempo. A presente pesquisa busca compreender, face aos conflitos entre comunidades e empreendimentos ocorridos no âmbito do Sítio Arqueológico Fazendinha (Estado de Pernambuco) e do Sítio Arqueológico Rio Bezerra III (Estado do Tocantins), em que medida os trabalhos de Arqueologia podem trazer outras valorações no trabalho de licenciamento ambiental que não seja somente a econômica. Da mesma forma, procura identificar o espaço das comunidades, a partir de análises contradiscursivas, no contexto de uma ciência que nasceu colonialista. Para tal, propõe contribuições metodológicas e de atuação em áreas de conflito em que há uma arena de disputa entre mercado, comunidades, patrimônio e ciência, que possibilitem espaços de diálogos a serem construídos em conjunto com as questões locais, incorporando narrativas e formas de trabalho. / All over the country, areas of different communities have been affected by major infrastructure projects, according to the Growth Acceleration Program (PAC) of the Brazilian Federal Government. Archaeologists responsible for part of the environmental licensing have faced the challenge of working with these communities and generally, in a short period of time. This research aims to comprise, given the conflicts between communities and infrastructure works occurring within the Archaeological Site Fazendinha (State of Pernambuco) and the Archaeological Site Rio Bezerra III (Tocantins), the extension of the infuence of archaeology work bringing other valuations at te study of environmental licensing, besides the economic one. Similarly, attempts to identify the space of the community, from contra-discursive analysis in a context of a science that was born colonialist. It therefore suggests methodological contributions and forms of acting in conflict areas where there is a dispute between capital market, communities, heritage and science, enabling spaces for dialogue to be built in conjunction with the local questions, incorporating narratives and ways of working.