As novas tecnologias moldaram a sociedade atual e são fatores chave no aprimoramento do controle da Administração Pública. Com base em uma linha jurídico-sociológica, a análise da evolução do próprio Estado demonstra a elevação da função do controle. Assim, o estudo considera o conceito e possibilidades de abrangência do termo dentro desse cenário, bem como suas classificações mais relevantes para os objetivos propostos. Com o panorama do sistema de controle no país são identificados os dilemas atuais que obstam o controle no nível que dele se espera. Como elo com as novas tecnologias, a obra de Manuel Castells é referencial por apresentar os impactos que conduziram à sociedade em rede. A morfologia das redes já foi identificada na prática como forma de organização social, e não há óbice para sua implementação no controle da Administração Pública, com o emprego de ferramentas tecnológicas. As deduções são aplicadas à Plataforma de Acompanhamento de Licitações Públicas (PALP), iniciativa que simboliza o potencial transformador das novas tecnologias no controle da Administração Pública. / The new technologies have shaped the current society and are key factors in order to improve the control of Public Administration. Based on a juridical-sociological study, the analysis of the evolution of the State itself demonstrates the growth of the control function. Thus, this study considers the concept and scope of the term control, as well as its most relevant classifications, considering the proposed objectives. Taking into account the situation of control system in the country, the current dilemmas that obstruct the control at the optimum level are identified. As a link with the new technologies, the work of Manuel Castells is referential for presenting the impacts that led to the network society. The morphology of the networks has already been identified as a form of social organization, and there is no obstacle to its implementation in the control of the Public Administration, with the use of technological tools. The results are applied to the Plataforma de Acompanhamento de Licitações Públicas (PALP), an initiative that symbolizes the transformative potential of new technologies in the control of Public Administration.

Este estudo objetivou analisar a viabilidade de implantação de sistemas de custeio na Rede Hospitalar Federal no Rio de Janeiro, investigando a existência de sistemas de custeio implantados, e, em caso positivo, quais os métodos de custeio utilizados, o perfil das unidades e dos gestores, bem como suas experiências em utilização de sistemas de custeio e suas percepções sobre a questão da implantação de sistemas desta natureza nas unidades analisadas. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo exploratório, qualitativo. Empregou-se como instrumento de um questionário estruturado, contendo perguntas fechadas e abertas, que foi aplicado aos diretores gerais, coordenadores assistenciais e aos coordenadores administrativos - bem como com alguns responsáveis por áreas financeiras e áreas afins, dos 6 hospitais que compõem a Rede Hospitalar Federal do Rio de Janeiro, no período compreendido entre novembro de 2009 e março de 2010. As respostas ao questionário foram tabuladas e analisadas com o aplicativo estatístico EXCEL versão 7.0 da Microsoft. O estudo revelou que a Rede Hospitalar Federal do Rio de Janeiro não utiliza quaisquer formas de apuração de custos e que os gestores consideram o momento como propicio a implantação de sistemas de custeio nestas unidades. Algumas questões importantes foram apontadas, como a não utilização de quaisquer sistemas de custeio e a existência de um ambiente favorável ao inicio de trabalhos de implantação de sistemas de custeio nas unidades / This study aimed to examine the feasibility of deployment of costing systems in the Federal Network of Hospitals in Rio de Janeiro, investigating the existence of costing systems deployed, and if so, which of the costing methods used, the profile of the units and their managers as well as their experiences in the use of costing systems and their perceptions on the issue of deployment of the systems in production services. To this end, we carried out an exploratory, qualitative. Was employed as an instrument of a structured questionnaire containing closed and open questions, which was applied to general managers, care coordinators and administrative coordinators - as well as some areas responsible for financial and related fields, the six hospitals comprising the Network Hospital Federal do Rio de Janeiro during the period between November 2009 and March 2010. The questionnaire responses were tabulated and analyzed with the statistical application of Microsoft EXCEL version 7.0. The study revealed that the Federal Network of Hospitals in Rio de Janeiro does not use any form of cost settlement and that the managers consider the propitious moment as the deployment of costing systems in these units. Some important issues have been identified as not using any cost systems and the existence of a favorable environment for the early deployment jobs costing systems in the units

Este estudo objetivou analisar a viabilidade de implantação de sistemas de custeio na Rede Hospitalar Federal no Rio de Janeiro, investigando a existência de sistemas de custeio implantados, e, em caso positivo, quais os métodos de custeio utilizados, o perfil das unidades e dos gestores, bem como suas experiências em utilização de sistemas de custeio e suas percepções sobre a questão da implantação de sistemas desta natureza nas unidades analisadas. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo exploratório, qualitativo. Empregou-se como instrumento de um questionário estruturado, contendo perguntas fechadas e abertas, que foi aplicado aos diretores gerais, coordenadores assistenciais e aos coordenadores administrativos - bem como com alguns responsáveis por áreas financeiras e áreas afins, dos 6 hospitais que compõem a Rede Hospitalar Federal do Rio de Janeiro, no período compreendido entre novembro de 2009 e março de 2010. As respostas ao questionário foram tabuladas e analisadas com o aplicativo estatístico EXCEL versão 7.0 da Microsoft. O estudo revelou que a Rede Hospitalar Federal do Rio de Janeiro não utiliza quaisquer formas de apuração de custos e que os gestores consideram o momento como propicio a implantação de sistemas de custeio nestas unidades. Algumas questões importantes foram apontadas, como a não utilização de quaisquer sistemas de custeio e a existência de um ambiente favorável ao inicio de trabalhos de implantação de sistemas de custeio nas unidades / This study aimed to examine the feasibility of deployment of costing systems in the Federal Network of Hospitals in Rio de Janeiro, investigating the existence of costing systems deployed, and if so, which of the costing methods used, the profile of the units and their managers as well as their experiences in the use of costing systems and their perceptions on the issue of deployment of the systems in production services. To this end, we carried out an exploratory, qualitative. Was employed as an instrument of a structured questionnaire containing closed and open questions, which was applied to general managers, care coordinators and administrative coordinators - as well as some areas responsible for financial and related fields, the six hospitals comprising the Network Hospital Federal do Rio de Janeiro during the period between November 2009 and March 2010. The questionnaire responses were tabulated and analyzed with the statistical application of Microsoft EXCEL version 7.0. The study revealed that the Federal Network of Hospitals in Rio de Janeiro does not use any form of cost settlement and that the managers consider the propitious moment as the deployment of costing systems in these units. Some important issues have been identified as not using any cost systems and the existence of a favorable environment for the early deployment jobs costing systems in the units

Communément perçu comme vecteur de démocratie, de liberté, d’égalité et plus généralement de justice, l’État de droit est devenu incontournable. Le concept est passé de la théorie juridique au droit positif et s'est progressivement étendu au champ politique, d'abord à l'échelle européenne, avant d'étendre son rayonnement à l'Afrique, et notamment aux États d'Afrique francophone, parmi lesquels l'Algérie et le Sénégal. L’existence et le bon fonctionnement de l’État de droit, dans lequel l’État en tant que détenteur de la souveraineté accepte de se soumettre au droit, et donc au contrôle du juge, ne sont jamais acquis. Comme tout système, il sera souvent ce que les institutions et les circonstances historiques en feront. Son maintien suppose donc que chaque acteur concerné puisse jouer sa partition pour en garantir le bon fonctionnement. C'est d'autant plus vrai dans les pays où l'État de droit reste à consolider. Dès lors, on est amené à s’interroger sur la nature de la contribution que peut apporter le juge administratif à l’État de droit, dans l’un et l’autre pays / Commonly perceived as vector for democracy, freedom, equality and justice more generally, the rule of law has become essential. The concept grew from the legal theory of positive law and gradually extended to the political field, first at European level, before extending its reach to Africa, including the French-speaking African states, including Algeria and Senegal. The existence and proper functioning of the rule of law, in which the state as the sovereign holder agrees to submit to the law, and therefore to judicial review, are never acquired. Like any system, it is often that the institutions and historical circumstances will. Its maintenance is therefore assumed that each player concerned to play its part to ensure proper operation. This is especially true in countries where the rule of law remains a challenge. Consequently, one is led to wonder about the nature of the potential contribution the administrative judge to rule of law in both countries

This diploma thesis creates a general model of the Ombudsman Institution in Northern Europe and draws a comparison to the Public Defender of Rights in the Czech Republic. This thesis introduces a theoretical framework of this topic including definitions for control of public administration, ombudsman, classification of ombudsmen and historical evolution of this institution in selected countries. Based on the analysis of legislation in Sweden, Finland and Denmark, the general model of the ombudsman institution in Northern Europe is created. The comparison between this general model and the Public Defender of Rights Institution brings recommendations for Czech modifications. These recommendations include anchoring ombudsman institution in the Constitution of the Czech Republic, specifying education requirements of the ombudsman in the Public Defender of Rights Act, or increasing the number of ombudsmen, thereby dividing responsibility among several people specialized in certain areas.

The aim of the thesis is to characterize the institution of the Ombudsman, his place in the distribution of powers and, above all, to analyze its relationship to the judicial power. The thesis is divided into five parts, with the first three parts focused on the theoretical description of the institution of the Ombudsman and its role in the control system of public administration. The fourth part characterizes the institution of the Ombudsman, his place in the distribution of power and its relationship to the judicial power. The fifth part is focused specifically on the relationship of the Ombudsman and the courts. The institution of the Ombudsman has the duty to protect citizens against acts of authorities, which may be in conflict with the law, against their inactivity and against the behavior that does not conform to the principles of good governance and the principles of the rule of a democratic State. Unlike an Ombudsman, the courts only protect citizens against unlawful acts. The courts have the availability to render decisions which are enforceable by the State power. The relationship between the Ombudsman and judicial power is characterized by a high degree of independence.

O presente trabalho tem por finalidade verificar a extensão democrática do Direito de Reclamação do Usuário de Serviço Público no atual modelo gerencial da Administração Pública brasileira, analisando em especial a essência desse instrumento sob dois vieses básicos: o do controle social e o da participação popular na Administração Pública. Para tanto, a fim de compreender seu estágio atual no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, enquanto instrumento de uma Administração Pública Gerencial, fundamental o estudo das formas anteriores de Administração - Patrimonial e Burocrática. Em um segundo momento, trata-se de analisar o impacto dessa Reforma no direito brasileiro, tanto das alterações da Emenda Constitucional n. 19/98, quanto através das mudanças semânticas de outros institutos jurídicos. Na segunda parte do trabalho o estudo dirige-se especialmente para a abordagem do Direito de Reclamação do Usuário de Serviço Público, analisando sua norma original e sua posterior alteração, bem como o regime jurídico que atualmente se encontra (direito positivo e competência para legislar sobre a matéria). Por fim, examina-se a compatibilidade de tal instrumento sob três conceitos chaves para uma Administração Pública democrática: processo administrativo, controle social e participação popular na Administração Pública. O método de abordagem utilizado é o hipotético-dedutivo, a partir do procedimento monográfico auxiliado pelo histórico; quanto à técnica de pesquisa, esta é apoiada na pesquisa documental em fontes primárias e na pesquisa bibliográfica em fontes secundárias. / This paper aims to verify the democratic extension of the Public Service User's Right of Complaint in the current Brazilian Public Administration management model, analyzing in particular the essence of this instrument under two basic biases: social control and popular participation in Public Administration. Therefore, in order to understand its current status in the Brazilian legal system, as an instrument of a Public Management, it is fundamental to study the previous forms of Administration - Patrimonial and Bureaucratic. In a second moment, it is a question of analyzing the impact of this Reformation in the Brazilian law, as much of the alterations of the Constitutional Amendment n. 19/98, as well as through the semantic changes of other legal institutes. In the second part of the study, the study focuses on the Public Service User's Right of Complaint approach, analyzing its original standard and its subsequent amendment, as well as the legal regime currently in place (positive law and competence to legislate on school subjects). Finally, the compatibility of this instrument is examined under three key concepts for a democratic Public Administration: administrative process, social control and popular participation in Public Administration. The method of approach used is the hypothetical-deductive, based on the monographic procedure aided by history; as for the research technique, it is supported by documentary research in primary sources and bibliographical research in secondary sources.

O presente trabalho tem por finalidade verificar a extensão democrática do Direito de Reclamação do Usuário de Serviço Público no atual modelo gerencial da Administração Pública brasileira, analisando em especial a essência desse instrumento sob dois vieses básicos: o do controle social e o da participação popular na Administração Pública. Para tanto, a fim de compreender seu estágio atual no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, enquanto instrumento de uma Administração Pública Gerencial, fundamental o estudo das formas anteriores de Administração - Patrimonial e Burocrática. Em um segundo momento, trata-se de analisar o impacto dessa Reforma no direito brasileiro, tanto das alterações da Emenda Constitucional n. 19/98, quanto através das mudanças semânticas de outros institutos jurídicos. Na segunda parte do trabalho o estudo dirige-se especialmente para a abordagem do Direito de Reclamação do Usuário de Serviço Público, analisando sua norma original e sua posterior alteração, bem como o regime jurídico que atualmente se encontra (direito positivo e competência para legislar sobre a matéria). Por fim, examina-se a compatibilidade de tal instrumento sob três conceitos chaves para uma Administração Pública democrática: processo administrativo, controle social e participação popular na Administração Pública. O método de abordagem utilizado é o hipotético-dedutivo, a partir do procedimento monográfico auxiliado pelo histórico; quanto à técnica de pesquisa, esta é apoiada na pesquisa documental em fontes primárias e na pesquisa bibliográfica em fontes secundárias. / This paper aims to verify the democratic extension of the Public Service User's Right of Complaint in the current Brazilian Public Administration management model, analyzing in particular the essence of this instrument under two basic biases: social control and popular participation in Public Administration. Therefore, in order to understand its current status in the Brazilian legal system, as an instrument of a Public Management, it is fundamental to study the previous forms of Administration - Patrimonial and Bureaucratic. In a second moment, it is a question of analyzing the impact of this Reformation in the Brazilian law, as much of the alterations of the Constitutional Amendment n. 19/98, as well as through the semantic changes of other legal institutes. In the second part of the study, the study focuses on the Public Service User's Right of Complaint approach, analyzing its original standard and its subsequent amendment, as well as the legal regime currently in place (positive law and competence to legislate on school subjects). Finally, the compatibility of this instrument is examined under three key concepts for a democratic Public Administration: administrative process, social control and popular participation in Public Administration. The method of approach used is the hypothetical-deductive, based on the monographic procedure aided by history; as for the research technique, it is supported by documentary research in primary sources and bibliographical research in secondary sources.

O presente trabalho tem por finalidade verificar a extensão democrática do Direito de Reclamação do Usuário de Serviço Público no atual modelo gerencial da Administração Pública brasileira, analisando em especial a essência desse instrumento sob dois vieses básicos: o do controle social e o da participação popular na Administração Pública. Para tanto, a fim de compreender seu estágio atual no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, enquanto instrumento de uma Administração Pública Gerencial, fundamental o estudo das formas anteriores de Administração - Patrimonial e Burocrática. Em um segundo momento, trata-se de analisar o impacto dessa Reforma no direito brasileiro, tanto das alterações da Emenda Constitucional n. 19/98, quanto através das mudanças semânticas de outros institutos jurídicos. Na segunda parte do trabalho o estudo dirige-se especialmente para a abordagem do Direito de Reclamação do Usuário de Serviço Público, analisando sua norma original e sua posterior alteração, bem como o regime jurídico que atualmente se encontra (direito positivo e competência para legislar sobre a matéria). Por fim, examina-se a compatibilidade de tal instrumento sob três conceitos chaves para uma Administração Pública democrática: processo administrativo, controle social e participação popular na Administração Pública. O método de abordagem utilizado é o hipotético-dedutivo, a partir do procedimento monográfico auxiliado pelo histórico; quanto à técnica de pesquisa, esta é apoiada na pesquisa documental em fontes primárias e na pesquisa bibliográfica em fontes secundárias. / This paper aims to verify the democratic extension of the Public Service User's Right of Complaint in the current Brazilian Public Administration management model, analyzing in particular the essence of this instrument under two basic biases: social control and popular participation in Public Administration. Therefore, in order to understand its current status in the Brazilian legal system, as an instrument of a Public Management, it is fundamental to study the previous forms of Administration - Patrimonial and Bureaucratic. In a second moment, it is a question of analyzing the impact of this Reformation in the Brazilian law, as much of the alterations of the Constitutional Amendment n. 19/98, as well as through the semantic changes of other legal institutes. In the second part of the study, the study focuses on the Public Service User's Right of Complaint approach, analyzing its original standard and its subsequent amendment, as well as the legal regime currently in place (positive law and competence to legislate on school subjects). Finally, the compatibility of this instrument is examined under three key concepts for a democratic Public Administration: administrative process, social control and popular participation in Public Administration. The method of approach used is the hypothetical-deductive, based on the monographic procedure aided by history; as for the research technique, it is supported by documentary research in primary sources and bibliographical research in secondary sources.

Les intendants militaires constituent une catégorie particulière d’officiers qui s’occupent des besoins de la vie courante du soldat. Ils sont crées en 1815 et remplacent les commissaires des guerres et les inspecteurs aux revues. Leur étude comprend deux parties. La première est destinée à présenter leurs caractéristiques sociales et militaires générales et leur place dans les débats sur l’administration militaire et la communauté militaire. Elle comprend les domaines suivants : - l’origine géographique, - l’âge et le grade au mariage, - la profession des pères et des beaux-pères, - la composition et le montant des dots, - les dossiers de demande d’autorisation de mariage, - les demandes de bourses pour les écoles militaires, - la place de la vie privée dans les appréciations données par leurs supérieurs. - l’origine du recrutement (saint-cyriens, polytechniciens, soldats), - les causes des fins de carrières - les grands évènements de la carrière (entrée dans le corps de contrôle de l’administration, interruptions de service, mutations), - la remise en question de l’intendance militaire au cours des débats sur l’administration militaire après la défaite de1870, et notamment sa place vis-à-vis du commandement, - la place des officiers d’administration et des médecins militaires, - l’image des intendants parmi les autres officiers. La seconde partie expose les déroulements des carrières, elle comporte les points suivants : - les résultats de la scolarité dans les écoles militaires et leur influence sur les appréciations données par leurs supérieurs et l’avancement ; - les carrières dans l’arme d’origine (l’influence des appréciations, des félicitations et des punitions), - les conditions du passage dans l’intendance (le concours, la formation administrative), - les carrières dans l’intendance (l’influence de la carrière dans l’arme d’origine, les rôles de l’origine et des appréciations dans l’accès aux différents grades, les projections de carrières à partir du premier grade). / The intendants establish an officers’s particular body who deal with the support of the common life of the soldier. They are create in 1815 and replace captains of the wars and inspectors in reviews. Their study includes two parts. The first one intended to present their general social and military characteristics. It includes the following domains : - the geographical origine, - the age and the rank in the marriage, - the profession of the fathers and the fathers in law, - the composition and the amount of dowries, - files of wedding authorization request, - applications for a scholarship for military academies, - place of the private life in the appreciations given by their supériors, - the origin of the recruitment (graduests of St. Cyr, graduests of Polytechnique prestige engineering school, soldiers), - the causes of ends of carreer, - big events of the career (entered the body of control of the administration, interruptions of service, tranfers). - the questioning of the military estate management after the defeat of 1870, in particular its place face to face of the command ; - the place of the officers of administration et of the military medical officers, - the image of the bursars among the others officers. The second parts explains the progesses of careers, il contains the following domains : - the results of the schooling in military academies and their influence in the appreciations given by their superiors, and of the promotion ; - the careers in the element of the army of origin (influence of the appreciations, the congratulations and the punishments) ; - the conditions of the passage in the estate management (the competition, the administrative training), - the careers in the estate management (the influence of the career in the weapon origin, the roles of the origin and of the appreciations in the access of the various ranks, the progressions of the careers according to the passage in the second rank).