The present thesis provides a systematic investigation of coordination polymers of 3d, rare-earth (4f) and main group element (Bi) using both rigid aromatic, flexible aliphatic linkers. Luminescent sensing behavior towards nitro aromatics, metal ions and ferroelectric behavior have been investigated using some of the prepared compounds. The possible usefulness of lone pair on the structure has been investigated using bismuth based coordination polymers. The thermal and optical behavior of lanthanide coordination polymers (Ce, Pr and Nd) have also been studied. Chapter 1 An Overview of Coordination Polymer (CP) Compounds This chapter presents a brief introduction to coordination polymer (CP) compounds. Starting from the brief historical background on coordination compounds, this chapter shed light on some earlier developments in this family of compounds by Yaghi, Robson and others. The usefulness of carboxylate and imidazolates in construction of some important coordination polymer compounds like MOF-5, HKUST-1, ZIFs, MIL-53, UiO-66, CD-MOF-1 etc has been described in detail along with its properties. The coordination polymers exhibit many important properties and some of the properties like sorption, separation, ionic conductivity, catalysis and ferroelectricity have been discussed briefly and summerized. Chapter 1 also provides the general synthetic and characterization approaches that have been employed during the present studies. Chapter 2 Part A: Adenine Based Coordination Polymers with Cyclohexane dicarboxylic acids This chapter presents the synthesis, structure and properties of four new coordination polymers [Zn4(C8H10O4)2.5(C5H4N5)3.2H2O].7H2O.2DMA (I), [Cd3(C8H10O4)2(C5H4N5)2.H2O] (II), [Cd(C8H11O4)2(C5H5N5)2.2H2O] (III), [Cd(C8H10O4)(C7H8N5O).H2O]. 4H2O (IV), (CHDA = cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, ad = adenine, DMA = dimethylacetamide, 9-HEA = 9-hydroxyethyl adenine). The compound I and II forms three-dimensional structure having distinct arrangements of 1,4-CHDA and adenine units with Zn and Cd metals respectively. The molecular complex unit is observed in compound III with 1,2-CHDA and adenine. Compound IV forms two-dimensional structure with 9-HEA and 1,2-CHDA. The observation of base-pairing interactions in the above compounds is noteworthy. In compounds I, II and IV amino groups are appears to be free and utilized for the detection of nitro aromatic explosives through fluorescence quenching. The results revealed that the emission behavior of the present compounds is greatly influenced by the hydroxyl nitroaromatic analyses like indophenol, dinitrophenyl and trinitrophenols with very low detection limits. The compound I also exhibits considerable sensitivity towards metal ion detection, especially Fe2+/Fe3+, Cr3+, Ag+ and Hg2+ ions in solution. The presence of free nitrogen sites in compound II has been explored for the base catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation reaction, the quantitative yields are observed with various aldehyde substrates. Part B: Adenine Based Coordination Polymer with Oxydiacetic acid: [Cd2(C4H4O5)2(C5H5N5)].H2O.DMA The synthesis, structure and properties of a Cd based coordination polymer with oxydiacetic acid and adenine, [Cd2(C4H4O5)2(C5H5N5)].H2O. DMA is described. The compound has a two-dimensional structure formed by the connectivity involving Cd and oxydiacetic acid. The adenine ligand binds with the Cd metal center through the pyrimidine nitrogen and hangs in the inter layer spaces. The layers are stacked in a ABAB.... fashion and the inter layer spaces occupied by the dimethyl amine and water molecules. The water molecules are very labile and its removal can be accomplished by heating the sample at 100°C, which is also confirmed by the single crystal XRD, PXRD and IR studies. The availability of free amino groups of adenine molecule has been utilized for the detection of nitroaromatics, especially nitrophenols with good sensitivity. The amino group was also found to be useful in catalyzing Knoevenagel condensation reactions. Chapter 3: Rare-Earth Metal Carboxylates: Ln2(µ3-OH)(C4H4O5)2(C4H2O4)].2H2O [Ln=Ce, Pr and Nd] This chapter describes synthesis, structure and properties of series of rare-earth based compounds, [Ln2(µ3-OH)(C4H4O5)2(C4H2O4)].2H2O (Ln = Ce, Pr and Nd). The malic acid and fumaric acid form part of the structure. The lanthanide centers are connected by the malate units to form a two dimensional layers, which are pillared by fumarate units forming the three-dimensional structure. Overall, structure can be described as I2O1 type inorganic in two-dimension (Ln-O-Ln layers) and organic in one dimension. The extra framework water molecules form a dimer and occupy the channels. The robustness of the framework was reflected in terms of facile removal and reinsertion of the water molecules, which is also confirmed by single crystal XRD, variable temperature IR and cyclic TGA study. The presence of water dimers and weakly interacting water chain suggested the possibility of proton migration in these compounds. Proton conductivity studies reveal the conductivity values of ~2.85 x 10-6 Ω-1cm-1 at 98% relative humidity. The optical studies revealed an up-conversion behavior involving more than one photon for the neodymium compound. Chapter 4: Bismuth Carboxylates with Brucite and Fluorite Related Structures The synthesis, structure and properties of three new bismuth based coordination polymers have been described in this chapter. The compounds [C4N2H10][Bi(C7H4NO4)(C7H3NO4)].H2O (I), [Bi(C5H3N2O4) (C5H2N2O4)] (II) and [Bi(µ2-OH)(C7H3NO4)] (III) were isolated employing hydrothermal condition with three different heterocyclicdicarboxylic acids, 3,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 4,5-imidazoledicarboxylic acid and 3,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid respectively. The structures of all the compounds have linkages between Bi2O2 and the corresponding dicarboxylate forming a simple molecular unit in I, a bilayer arrangement in II and a three-dimensional extended structure in III. The topological arrangement of the nodal building units in the structures resembles brucite related layers in II and fluorite related arrangement in compound III. By utilizing the secondary interactions, the structure of III can be correlated to a Kagome related net. The observation of such classical inorganic related structures in the bismuth carboxylates is noteworthy. Heterogeneous catalytic studies indicate Lewis acidic nature in the bismuth center in all three compounds. Chapter 5: Solvent dependent Delamination, Restacking and Ferroelectric studies in a Two-Dimensional Compound [NH4][Ag3(C9H5NO4S)2(C13H14N2)2].8H2O This chapter describes synthesis, structure, water dependent delamination/restacking and ferroelectric behavior in a layered coordination polymer compound, [NH4][Ag3(C9H5NO4S)2(C13H14N2)2].8H2O. The compound has a two-dimensional structure with the water molecules occupying the inter-lamellar spaces. The lattice water molecules can be fully removed and reinserted, which accompany the crystalline-amorphous-crystalline transformation. This transformation resembles the collapse/delamination and re-stacking of the layers. This transformation has also been investigated by in-situ IR and PXRD studies. The presence of a natural dipole (anionic framework and cationic ammonium ions) along with the non-centrosymmetric space group gives rise to a room-temperature ferroelectric behavior to the compound with saturation polarization (Ps) of 1.95 μC/cm2 and remnant polarization of 0.63 μC/cm2. The temperature dependent dielectric measurements indicate that the ferroelectric-paraelectric transformation occurs at 320 K. The ferroelectric-paraelectric transformation also follows the crystalline-amorphous-crystalline transitions.

Small molecule Zn(II) complexes containing N- and S- donor environments may serve as appropriate models for mimicking Zn protein sites, and thus, their reactions with heavy metal ions such as Pt(II) and W(0) may provide insight into possible adduct formation and zinc displacement. To study such possible interactions between zinc finger proteins and platinum-bound DNA, the ZnN2S2 dimeric complex, N,N?-bis(2- mercaptoethyl)-1,4-diazacycloheptane zinc (II), [Zn-1?]2, has been examined for Znbound thiolate reactivity in the presence of Pt(II) nitrogen ? rich compounds. The reactions yielded Zn/Pt di- and tri- nuclear thiolate-bridged adducts and metalexchanged products, which were initially observed via ESI-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of reaction solutions, and ultimately verified by comparison to the ESI-MS analysis, 195Pt NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography of directly synthesized complexes. The isolation of Zn-(?-SR)-Pt-bridged [(Zn(bme-dach)Cl)(Pt(dien))]Cl adduct from these studies is, to our knowledge, the first Zn-Pt bimetallic thiolatebridged model demonstrating the interaction between Zn-bound thiolates and Pt(II). Additional derivatives involving Pd(II) and Au(III) have been explored to parallel the experiments executed with Pt(II). The [Zn-1?]2 was then modified by cleavage with Na+[ICH2CO2]- to produce (N- (3-Thiabutyl)-N?-(3-thiapentaneoate)-1,4-diazacycloheptane) zinc(II), Zn-1?-Ac or ZnN2SS?O, and 1,4-diazacycloheptane-1,4-diylbis(3-thiapentanoato) zinc(II), Zn-1?-Ac2 or ZnN2S?2O2, monomeric complexes (where S = thiolate, S? = thioether). The [Zn-1?]2 di- and Zn-1?-Ac mono-thiolato complexes demonstrated reactivity towards labile-ligand tungsten carbonyl species, (THF)W(CO)5 and (pip)2W(CO)4, to yield, respectively, the [(Zn-1?-Cl)W(CO)4]- complex and the [(Zn-1?-Ac)W(CO)5]x coordination polymer. With the aid of CO ligands for IR spectral monitoring, the products were isolated and characterized spectroscopically, as well as by X-ray diffraction and elemental analysis. To examine the potential for zinc complexes (or zinc-templated ligands) to possibly serve as a toxic metal remediation agents, Zn-1?-Ac and Zn-1?-Ac2 were reacted with Ni(BF4)2. The formation of Zn/Ni exchanged products confirmed the capability of ?free? Ni(II) to displace Zn(II) within the N-, S-, and O- chelate environment. The Zn/Ni exchanged complexes were analyzed by ESI-MS, UV-visible spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy of the acetate regions, and X-ray crystallography. They serve as foundation molecules for more noxious metal exchange / zinc displacement products.

Die Immobilisierung homogener Katalysatoren ist eine wichtige Methode zur Realisierung der Abtrennbarkeit und Wiederverwendbarkeit aktiver Spezies. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde durch die Komplexierung von Palladium mit 1,4-Bis-(4′-pyrazolyl)benzen ein neues mikroporöses Koordinationspolymer generiert und dieses als heterogener Katalysator in der Suzuki-Miyaura-Kreuzkupplungsreaktion erfolgreich eingesetzt. Dabei konnten vollständige Umsätze und hohe Selektivitäten erzielt werden, die vergleichbar zu bereits kommerziell erhältlichen homogenen Katalysatoren sind. Die Besonderheit des Katalysators ist, neben dessen außergewöhnlich hohen chemischen Stabilität, die Variation seiner Struktureigenschaften durch die Wahl der Synthesebedingungen und die damit verbundene Steuerung seiner katalytischen Aktivität.

Le premier volet de ce travail portera sur l’expérience acquise lors d’un stage d’étude à Tokyo, au Japon, dans le groupe de recherche du Pr. Makoto Fujita, une sommité d’envergure internationale dans le domaine de l’auto-assemblage. En continuité avec les plus récents travaux du Pr. Fujita, des systèmes poreux auto-assemblés présentant des cavités fonctionnalisées ont été développés dans le but d’encapsuler des acides gras afin d’en déterminer la structure cristalline. Ces éponges ont été caractérisées par des techniques courantes telles que la spectroscopie à résonance magnétique nucléaire 1H, 13C{1H} et Cosy, la spectrométrie de masse, l’analyse élémentaire, la microscopie optique infrarouge ainsi que la diffraction des rayons X. Une autre approche employée pour obtenir de meilleures propriétés spectroscopiques fut la synthèse de dendrimères métalliques de génération 0. Un nouveau ligand de type 1,3,5-triazine a été synthétisé par une réaction typique de cyclisation de nitrile en présence catalytique d’hydrure de sodium. Des espèces mono-, bis- et trinucléaire de Ru(II) furent synthétisés ainsi que deux espèces hétérométalliques de Ru(II)/Pt(II) et de Ru(II)/Os(II). Tous les complexes obtenus furent caractérisés par spectroscopie à résonance magnétique nucléaire (1H, 13C{1H} et Cosy) à l’état liquide, par spectroscopie de masse à haute résolution et par analyse élémentaire. La génération de dihydrogène à partir de l’espèce hétérométallique a été étudiée. Les propriétés optiques et électroniques ont été analysées par spectroscopie UV-Vis, par analyse de la luminescence, du temps de vie de luminescence, par des analyses de rendement quantique ainsi que par des analyses de voltampérométrie cyclique à balayage. Finalement, dans le but d’améliorer les propriétés spectroscopiques d’absorption de complexes métalliques, nous avons synthétisé une série de polymères homo- et hétérométalliques, intégrant des ligands de type bis(2,2’:6,2’’-terpyridine). Les complexes générés furent caractérisés par diverses techniques tel que la spectroscopie à résonance magnétique nucléaire (1H, 13C{1H} et Cosy) à l’état liquide, par spectroscopie de masse à haute résolution ainsi que par analyse élémentaire. Les propriétés optiques et électroniques ont été analysées par spectroscopie UV-Vis, par analyse de la luminescence, du temps de vie de luminescence, par des analyses de rendement quantique ainsi que par des analyses de voltampérométrie cyclique à balayage. / It is well known that the self-assembly of small molecules into macromolecular species gives rise to an amplification and amelioration of their general properties. A first section on self-assembly will emphasize the acquired experience during an internship in Tokyo, Japan, in Pr. Makoto Fujita’s research group, a worldwide Figure in the area of self-assembly. Concomitant with the latest results obtained in Pr. Fujita research group on the self-assembly of molecular sponges, studies on molecular sponges with functionalized cavities will be presented. Such sponges were used to encapsulate fatty acids in order to determine their crystal structure. The sponges were characterized in different ways, such as 1H and 13C NMR, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, optical microscopy coupled with infrared detection as well as X-ray diffraction. Another path of investigation to gain good spectroscopic properties is to synthesize metallodendrimers. A new 1,3,5-triazine ligand was synthesized by a typical nitrile cyclization in the presence of sodium hydride. Mono-, bis- and trimetallic Ru(II) species as well as heterometallic Ru(II)/Pt(II) and Ru(II)/Os(II) complexes were synthesized. All the complexes were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H, 13C{1H} and Cosy NMR) in the liquid state, high-resolution mass spectrometry, elemental analysis as well as X-ray diffraction in some cases. Attempts to generate H2 with the heterometallic species as catalysts have been investigated. The optical and electronic properties were also investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy, luminescence analysis, excited state lifetimes, quantum yield efficiency and cyclic voltammetry.Finally, with the goal of having enhance light absorption, we synthesized a series of homo- and heterometallic coordination polymers with a ligand of the “back-to-back” terpyridine type. The complexes obtained were characterized by various techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry as well as elementary analysis. The optical as well as the electronic properties were also investigated, using luminescence spectroscopy, excited state lifetime analysis, quantum yield determination and by cyclic voltammetry.

No description available.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit is a medicinal plant widely used in the Sergipe state for the treatment of skin illnesses, gastric clutter, nasal congestion and inflammation caused for bacteria and fungi. Hyptis pectinata, as well as other medicinal plants, can be contaminated with pesticides that are used in the agriculture, and residues cause damages to the man and the environment, due the toxicity of these products. In Brazil values of maximum residue limits (LMR) have not yet been established for pesticides in medicinal plants. In a similar way, it has little information about to the degree of contamination of these phytotherapic resources. Therefore, analytical methods have been developed for determination of residues in medicinal plants, with intention to assure the health of the population. In this context, this work considered the development of an analytical method for the extraction of pyrimethanil, ametryn, dichlofluanid, tetraconazole, flumetralin, kresoxim-methyl and tebuconazole from the medicinal plant Hyptis pectinata using the matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Therefore, in the present study, the aim was evaluating the combinations adsorvent/solvent (silica gel, Florisil®, neutral alumina and coordination polymers [Zn(BDC)(H2O)2]n, CuBTC and MIL-53/dichloromethane, dichloromethane:ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v) and ethyl acetate), for the simultaneous extraction of these pesticides. Amongst the evaluated combinations, the on consisting of 0.5 g of C18 and 20 mL of dichloromethane was most efficient, getting recoveries between 85 and 127%, with relative standard between 4 and 15%, in the levels of concentration 0.05; 0.1; 0.5 and 1.0 μg g-1. The linearity was above 0.9987 and the limits of detection between 0.02 and 0.07 μg g-1 and of quantification, 0.05 and 0.1 μg g-1. Among the polymeric phases (CuBTC, MIL-53 and [Zn(BDC)(H2O)2]n), [Zn(BDC) (H2O)2]n was most efficient in the extraction of pyrimethanil (83%), ametrin (95%), dichlofluanid (90%), tetraconazole (81%), flumetralin (74%) and kresoximmethyl (94%), being therefore a viable alternative to the adsorvent commercial conventional C18. / Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit (Sambacaitá) é uma planta medicinal muito utilizada no estado de Sergipe para o tratamento de doenças de pele, desordem gástrica, rinofaringite, congestão nasal, febre e várias infecções causadas por bactérias e fungos. A Hyptis pectinata, assim como outras plantas medicinais, estão sujeitas a contaminação por pesticidas que são utilizados na agricultura, cujos resíduos podem causar danos ao homem e ao meio ambiente, devido à elevada toxicidade desses produtos. No Brasil não há valores de limites máximos de resíduos (LMR) estabelecidos para pesticidas em plantas medicinais. Do mesmo modo, há pouca informação quanto ao grau de contaminação destes recursos fitoterápicos. Portanto, métodos analíticos têm de ser desenvolvidos para determinação de resíduos em plantas medicinais, com intuito de assegurar a saúde da população. Neste contexto, este trabalho propôs o desenvolvimento de um método analítico para a determinação de pirimetanil, ametrina, diclofluanida, tetraconazol, flumetralina, cresoxim-metílico e tebuconazol em Hyptis pectinata, empregando a dispersão da matriz em fase sólida (DMFS) e cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas (CG/EM). Para tanto, foram avaliados as melhores combinações sorvente/solvente (sílica gel, Florisil®, alumina neutra e polímeros de coordenação [Zn(BDC)(H2O)2]n, CuBTC, MIL-53/diclorometano, diclorometano:acetato de etila (1:1, v/v) e acetato de etila), na extração simultânea destes pesticidas. Dentre as combinações avaliadas, o sistema constituído de 0,5 g de C18 e 20 mL de diclorometano foi a mais eficiente, obtendo recuperações entre 85 e 127%, com desvio padrão relativo entre 4 e 15%, nos níveis de concentração 0,05; 0,1; 0,5 e 1,0 μg g-1. As linearidades foram acima de 0,9987 e os limites de detecção foram entre 0,02 e 0,07 μg g-1 e de quantificação, 0,05 e 0,1 μg g-1. Entre as fases poliméricas (CuBTC, MIL-53 e [Zn(BDC)(H2O)2]n), o [Zn(BDC)(H2O)2]n foi a mais eficiente na extração de pirimetanil (83%), ametrina (95%), diclofluanida (90%), tetraconazol (81%), flumetralina (74%) e cresoximmetílico (94%), sendo portanto uma alternativa viável a substituição do sorvente convencional C18.

Ces travaux consistent en l’étude selon trois axes de la chimie de coordination des ligands de type acyle-hydrazone, faisant suite à l’isolation d’un complexe binucléaire de manganèse (III) portant un tel ligand, et montrant un fort couplage ferromagnétique. Le développement de leur chimie de coordination avec des éléments de la première série de transition a permis la synthèse de plusieurs complexes binucléaires, permettant d’étudier la relation entre les structures moléculaires de ces systèmes, et leurs propriétés magnétiques. En parallèle, une série de polymères de coordination de métaux alcalins et alcalino-terreux portant des ligands acyle-hydrazone fonctionnalisés par un groupement sulfonate a été étudiée. Enfin, la synthèse de deux ligands dérivés d’un anthracène est présentée, celle-ci est accompagnée d’une étude de leurs propriétés de coordination. / This work consists in the study of the coordination chemistry of acyl-hydrazone ligands, following the discovery of a manganese (III) dinuclear complex showing a strong ferromagnetic coupling. The development of the acyl-hydrazone coordination to first-row transitional metals resulted in several dinuclear complexes allowing the study of the relationship between their structural and magnetic properties. In a second part the study of several coordination polymers of alkali and alkali-earth metals bearing acyl-hydrazone ligands functionalized with a sulfonate group is presented. Finally the synthesis of two anthracene-based ligands is presented along a study of their coordination properties.

La conception de matériaux capables de piéger sélectivement le CO2 revêt un enjeu majeur dans le développement de procédé de capture post-combustion pour de nombreux secteurs industriels. Nos travaux visent l'élaboration de nouveaux polymères de coordination de type MOF (“Metal-Organic Framework”) préparés par auto-assemblage de briques moléculaires polycarboxyliques avec des métaux de transition qui constituent les noeuds du réseau tridimensionnel. Ces matériaux hybrides microporeux présentent des propriétés d’adsorption du CO2 importantes. Notre approche a consisté à synthétiser des polymères de coordination dans le but d'accroître la capacité et la sélectivité d'adsorption du CO2 vis-à-vis d'autres gaz comme CO, CH4, N2 et O2 grâce à des interactions physiques impliquant le moment quadripolaire élevé du CO2 et le potentiel électrostatique existant dans les pores du matériau. Dans ce mémoire sont décrites les synthèses des différentes briques moléculaires organiques constituées de polyamines et de polyazamacrocycles Nfonctionnalisées par des terminaisons benzocarboxylate. Des matériaux homo- et hétéro- bimétalliques présentant des structures cristallines originales ont été obtenus à partir de briques moléculaires triazamacrocycliques N-fonctionnalisées par des terminaisons acides carboxyliques et différents cations métalliques (Zn2+, Co2+, Cd2+ et Ni2+). Les études de ces polymères de coordination poreux ont révélé leur capacité d’adsorption importante du CO2 avec une sélectivité remarquable dans les conditions normales de température et de pression. / The design of material able for CO2 capture is a major issue to achieve post-combustion capture process for many industries. Our work aims to develop new coordination polymer MOF (“Metal-Organic Framework”) prepared by self-assembling polycarboxylic linkers and transition metals. These microporous hybrids materials show important CO2 adsorption properties and are promising in the field of gas separation. The main topic of our work is to synthesise MOFs with high adsorption capacity and selectivity for CO2 over other gases (CO, CH4, N2 and O2). The gas-solid interactions are due to physical phenomena involving the high quadrupolar moment of CO2 and the electrostatic potential lying in the pore of the material. In this manuscript, the synthesis of various organic linkers incorporating N-functionalised polyamines and polyazamacrocycles with benzocarboxylate functions is described. Homo- and hetero- bimetallic materials with original tridimensional structure were obtained from a N-functionalised triazamacrocyclic linker and different metal cations (Zn2+, Co2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+). Studies of porous coordination polymers have shown high CO2 adsorption capacity with a remarkable selectivity in the ambient temperature and pressure conditions.

L’objet de cette étude est d’utiliser la technique des micelles inverses pour synthétiser des nanoparticules à transition de spin, de taille et de forme contrôlées afin d’en permettre l’utilisation en électronique moléculaire. Dans la première partie, nous avons déterminé les paramètres de synthèse influençant la taille et la forme des particules d’un complexe à transition de spin à fort potentiel d’application. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons utilisé ces paramètres sur trois autres complexes afin de comprendre la relation entre les paramètres de la synthèse et la morphologie des particules. Les nanoparticules ainsi synthétisées constituent la base d’une discussion sur l’existence d’un lien entre la taille/forme des particules et les propriétés de transition de spin. Enfin, la dernière partie de ce travail est consacrée à l’utilisation de ces matériaux en électronique moléculaire, et l’observation des propriétés de photoconductivité et photovoltaïque à l’échelle des nanoparticules. / The aim of this project is to use the reverse micelles technique to synthesize spin crossover (SCO) nanoparticles with controlled size and shape in order to use them in molecular electronic applications. In the first part, we have determined the synthesis parameters that influence the particles size and shape of an attractive spin crossover complex, due to his potential application. In a second time, we used the determined parameters on three other SCO complexes to generalize the relationship between the synthesis parameters and the particles morphology. All the as-prepared nanoparticles are the basis of a discussion about the existence of a link between the size and/or shape of the particles and the SCO properties. The last part of this work is dedicated to the utilization of this materials in molecular electronic, and the observation of photovoltaic and photoconductive properties at the nanoparticles scale.

Ein zentraler Nachteil der meisten Koordinationspolymere ist, dass sie elektrische Isolatoren sind. In dieser Arbeit wurden konjugierte Koordinationspolymere auf ihre Leitfähigkeit untersucht, die eine Rhodium-Paddle-Wheel-Struktur besitzen. Die Beschichtung auf einer funktionalisierten Oberfläche im Vorfeld der C-AFM-Messung wurde mittels eines selbstgebauten Dip-Coaters realisiert. Koordinationspolymere, die das [Rh2(ac)4]-Paddle-Wheel enthalten, sind unabhängig von den untersuchten Linkern Isolatoren. Werden die Acetatliganden mit drei oder vier Acetamidatliganden ausgetauscht, so ist das entstandene Koordinationspolymer leitfähig. Temperaturabhängige C-AFM-Messungen ergeben eine für hohe Feldstärken konstante Aktivierungsenergie, die je nach Koordinationspolymer zwischen 0,3 eV und 0,7 eV beträgt. Anhand der Ergebnisse wurde gezeigt, dass der Ladungstransport durch einen Hopping Mechanismus dominiert wird. C-AFM ist eine aussagekräftige Methode zur Charakterisierung leitfähiger Koordinationspolymere auf der Oberfläche.