Community cohesion in Britain has been an issue of policy concern in recent years in which the role of migrants in the UK has been scrutinised in terms of their sense of belonging, integration and their economic and social contribution to society. However, much of the existing literature, in this area relates to the experiences of low/unskilled labour migrants. This thesis redresses this imbalance and examines the experiences of overseas-trained South Asian doctors. It provides unique insights into the debates about integration, cultural identity and community cohesion based on an empirical study of overseas-trained South Asian General Practitioners who are elite migrants. A mixed method approach was employed that included secondary data analysis of the GP Workforce Statistics and in-depth interviews with 27 overseas-trained South Asian doctors in three different geographical locales in England with varying ethnic populations. The quantitative analysis shows that a significant and increasing proportion of NHS doctors continue to be overseas-trained South Asian doctors. It also provides evidence of geographical clustering with South Asian doctors being over represented in deprived areas with high and low ethnic minority concentrations. The case studies and interviews with the GPs reveal a complex intertwining of macro-, micro- and meso- structures in the migratory process, related, in part, to the legacy of empire and also to the inner workings and opportunities provided by an organisation such as the NHS. In order to overcome blocked social mobility within the NHS hospital structure, entry into General Practice appears to be an entrepreneurial step for overseas-trained South Asian doctors, also facilitated by regional NHS institutional structures like Primary Care Trusts. Evidence shows that doctors have integrated their cultural/religious values creatively in their adaptation to Britain importing innovation into their everyday experiences. The findings show that there are parallels to be drawn with the experiences of low/unskilled South Asians, in particular, in the area of structural integration. However, there is variation as to how these elite professionals approach issues related to socio-cultural integration thus adding a new dimension to our existing understanding of community cohesion in the UK.

Acts of violence on farms and smallholdings are continuing unabated in spite of the efforts of the government and the agricultural unions to quell attacks on members of the farming community. Although research has been done on various aspects of farm attacks, empirical information regarding farmers’ perceptions of their susceptibility to attacks, the consequences that are suffered and the coping strategies that farmers apply after victimisation, is limited to that contained in the Report of the Committee of Inquiry into Farm Attacks. In order to gain first-hand information with regard to this phenomenon, the researcher interviewed 15 direct victims of attacks on a one-on-one basis. All the attacks occurred in the Mpumalanga Province and the adjoining Nokeng Tsa Taemane region in the Gauteng Province. Based on the analysis and interpretation of the data, it was found that most of the respondents felt unsafe on their farms. In spite of this, they were all taken by surprise by their attackers. While the majority of the respondents believed that their homes were reasonably secure, financial and familial constraints prevented some from improving the guardianship on their farms. Those who had good security systems in their homes, were attacked outside or in the early evening before the systems were activated. The findings also revealed that the immediate reactions of victims of farm attacks do not differ fundamentally from those of other victims of crime. Reactions include surprise, fear of being killed, injured and/or raped and powerlessness. After the attacks they often experienced anger and bitterness. Analysis of the data furthermore indicated that physical injuries ranged from minor to serious injuries that necessitated hospitalisation. Emotional and social harm were also experienced by victims, causing them to be fearful and distrustful of black persons, as the attacks were all black on white. Farm attacks also had negative financial consequences for the victims. Capital that might have been used for other purposes had to be used to pay medical and funeral bills and upgrade security, especially since most victims feared re-victimisation. After the attacks some respondents preferred to relocate. While many of the respondents found it too costly to implement the necessary target hardening measures, avoidance behaviour in the form of alertness was identified as the most effective means of preventing victimisation in the future. Other avoidance tactics included feeding dogs in the afternoon when visibility is still good and sending employees out to establish the reason for the visit of black strangers who arrive on the farm without an appointment. Erroneous perceptions with regard to the motives for attacks and the profile of attackers, as well as complacency about security which often sets in because of the routine nature of farmers’ lifestyle, were identified as the main reasons for farmers’ susceptibility to victimisation. It was also found that the respondents’ coping strategies varied. While some relied on their Christian faith and the support of family and friends, others exerted their inner strength to regain their emotional equilibrium. On the basis of the above findings, recommendations were made regarding further research and measures that might be implemented by both the government and farmers to reduce the number of farm attacks. It was highlighted that factors such as hate speech, socio-economic conditions in rural areas, the acceleration of land reform and education deserve further attention. Farmers must guard against complacency and make informed decisions about security on the farms. As coping strategies vary, it was furthermore stated that victimised farmers need to persevere until they have assimilated the negative experience. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

Coping strategies of 454 scholar adolescents between 15 and 18 years o1d and middle socioeconomic level of San Miguel de Tucumán were analysed in this descriptive-comparative study.Age variable was considered. The following instruments were applied: Adolescent Coping Strategies (Spanish adaptation, ACS, General Form); Adolescent Well-Being Scale (BIEPS) under Casullo's adaptation for Argentina and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The results showed the Adolescents coping strategies. Coping strategies and upper and lower psychological well being were correlationed. This research contributes empiric data for prevention programs designing for non-consultan! adolescents . / El estudio descriptivo-cuantitativo analizó las estrategias de afrontamiento de 454 adolescentes escolarizados de 15 a 18 años de nivel socioeconómico medio de San Miguel de Tucumán. Se focalizó en las estrategias de afrontamiento con relación a la edad y se correlacionaron los tiposde estrategias utilizadas con el nivel de bienestar psicológico de los jóvenes. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala de Afrontamiento para adolescentes (adaptación española,ACS, forma general), la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico para Adolescentes (BIEPS) adaptada por Casullo para Argentina y una Encuesta Sociodemográfica diseñada por los autores. Se identificó las estrategias de afrontamiento de los adolescentes, especialmente las que correlacionan con un elevado y un bajo nivel de bienestar psicológico. La investigación aporta datos empíricos para el diseño de programas de prevención con adolescentes no consultantes.

This study explored the experiences of employed South African Hindu mothers. The purpose of the exploration was to better understand the coping strategies that these mothers used to deal with their work and family role expectations. South African Hindu mothers are a subset of people who originate from traditional or collectivistic, cultural backgrounds, yet, live in a society in which workplaces subscribe to mainly, Western business practices. By exploring the coping strategies of this collectivistic cultural group in South Africa, the implications are relevant to what is known about coping with work and family demands. Secondary analysis of qualitative data led to the findings of this research. Twenty, unstructured, in-depth interviews allowed participants to share their stories as they wanted. From these stories, findings were that South African Hindu mothers used internal psychological processes, and, external processes to cope with their family and work demands. Internal processes included, reappraisal, ideals on duty, guilt, gratitude and acceptance. External processes included coping by externalising feelings, being supported by others, and, planning and organising. The research considers the influence of cultural norms and traditions juxtaposed by a modern way of living in relation to coping with the demands of work and family expectations. Future studies may benefit from building knowledge on how collectivism shapes coping and what is known about coping for additional, collectivistic cultural groups, particularly, within the South African context

Recent studies indicate that approximately 10- 20% of girls and boys in the 9th grade in Sweden are affected by honor-related problems (HRP). The results from these studies also show that these children tend to turn to their teachers with these specific issues. However, there is limited research concerning HRP and especially in a school context focusing on the perspective of teachers. Consequently, the aim of this thesis was to explore how HRP are approached by teachers in a school context, by focusing on their knowledge and experiences. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to understand the teachers’ ideas and perceptions of this issue. The five interviewed teachers had all taken part in a learning-opportunity about HRP. To understand why the teachers approached and understood HRP the way they did, the theory of coping was used. The result shows that the teachers feel as their learningopportunity was essential for identifying, discovering, and preventing HRP. Despite this knowledge, the interviewees experienced HRP as unfamiliar, sensitive, intimidating, and difficult to detect. Therefore, coping with HRP was perceived as challenging and threatening. This led to a cautious approach, where the teachers distanced themselves from the issue and tried to avoid dealing with it. Further, the result also showed that the teachers seemed eager to improve their preventive and identifying skills and will continue to raise awareness in the classroom. A crucial task for future research will be to identify effective strategies for the identification and prevention of HRP in a school environment.

This study is based on 6 in-depth interviews with professional social workers working as counsellors in two different municipalities in Skåne county, Sweden. The counsellors are all working within the field of cancer rehabilitation. The aim of the study is to investigate how the counsellors perceive the work-related psychological stress that their work entails. The study also aims to examine the coping strategies and personal resources related to resilience that the counsellors use to manage what is perceived to be psychologically stressful within the work. The result of the information collected shows that the counsellors experience the profession as psychologically demanding and that they frequently use different coping strategies. It appears that the counsellors use the support of colleagues and their workplace. They also use strategies related to self-care through self-reflection and self-awareness as well as different types of attendance exercises such as meditation and yoga. Some of the counsellors frequently use a local coping strategy which entail to “feel your weight in the chair”. The results also show that the counsellors consciously create an active and rewarding leisure time with a clear boundary to their working life. It appears that their abilities as well as their personal resources related to resilience have been developed with age and experience. The results of the interviews have been analyzed through the theory of resilience, the coping theory and a number of research articles.

Thesis (M.A.( Psychology)) --University of Limpopo, 2015 / First year at university is challenging. For most students adjustment to social and academic life entails a degree of stress and emotional difficulties. These difficulties can result in a greater risk of first year attrition. The study sought to understand and describe the adjustment experiences of a sample of first year students at the University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus). Qualitative research was conducted to establish the lived experiences of the participants. Four focus groups were conducted, in all there were eighteen first year participants from different departments. Data were gathered by use of semi-structured interviews which allowed probing. Thematic Content Analysis was employed to glean themes from the data. The study concluded that some of the first year participants struggled to adjust to social and academic life at the institution. This was exacerbated by the presence of insufficient support from university personnel, financial problems, unmanageable workloads, and unfamiliar method of instruction. These participants tended to use negative coping mechanism such as ignoring problems, smoking marijuana and propositioning the opposite sex (males). However, some of the participants had positive adjustment experiences and used positive coping mechanisms such as working hard, interacting with lecturing staff, listening to music, interacting with peers and attending religious events. The study recommended that orientation for first year students should incorporate a programme that helped first year students understand the challenges they are likely to face.

Background: Stress has different meanings for different individuals and contexts. In order to not have a negative impact of stress the body needs recovery. Occupational stress is a cause of absence from work. The nurse can be affected daily by occupational stress and needs strategies to cope with it. Aim: The aim of this literature study is to describe what strategies the nurse can use to handle occupational stress. Method: This literature study is based on ten original articles that was analyzed based on a thematic analysis. Results: The results show different coping strategies that nurses can use to manage the occupational stress. The themes that could be found were The External factors such as Social support, Behavioral strategies and Individual strategies. Internal factors were Self-control, Positive thinking, Spirituality and relaxation. Conclusion: The nurses need coping strategies for dealing with occupational stress. There are different coping strategies, and these are managed individually. Implications: There is a need to educate nurses to shed light on different coping strategies that preventively can be used against occupational stress. Further research is required to implement the coping strategies and to maintain the nurse's health. / Bakgrund: Stress har olika betydelser för olika individer i olika kontexter. För att inte få en negativ påverkan av stressen behöver kroppen återhämtning. Arbetsrelaterad stress är en orsak till frånvaro från arbetet. Sjuksköterskan påverkas dagligen av arbetsrelaterad stress ochbehöver strategier för att underlätta hanteringen av den. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att beskriva vilka strategier sjuksköterskan kan använda sig av för att hantera arbetsrelaterad stress. Metod: Denna litteraturstudie är baserad på tio original artiklar som analyserades utifrån en tematisk analys. Resultat: Resultatet visar på olika hanteringsstrategier som sjuksköterskor kan använda sig av i den arbetsrelaterade stressen. De teman som kunde urskiljas i studien var Yttre faktorer som Socialt stöd, Beteendestrategier och Individuella strategier. Inre faktorer var Självkontroll, Positivt tänkande, Andlighet och avslappning. Slutsatser: Sjuksköterskan behöver strategier för att hantera arbetsrelaterad stress. Det finns olika hanteringsstrategier och dessa hanteras individuellt. Implikationer: Det finns ett behov utav utbildning för sjuksköterskor för att belysa olika hanteringsstrategier som kananvändas preventivt mot arbetsrelaterad stress. Fortsatt forskning erfordrasför att implementera hanteringsstrategierna och för att bibehålla sjuksköterskans hälsa.

Crime scene examiners (CSEs) spend long hours at traumatic crime scenes, and interact closely with various elements of crime scenes. The topic has only recently attracted international research interest, and in the South African context the offering is meagre. The study set out to determine the profile of Southern Gauteng CSEs; to establish the scope of their tasks and responsibilities; to ascertain their trauma levels in relation to traumatic crime scenes and autopsies; to identify the specific coping strategies they use; to determine their context-specific experiences of job-related stress and trauma; and to ascertain the measure to which they experience contentedness within their workplace and their views on both briefing and debriefing. In pursuit of the objectives of the study, the research paradigm was rooted in positivism. Consequently, a quantitative approach was adopted and a cross-sectional design was employed. Through convenience sampling, 103 respondents were recruited from all eight Local Criminal Record Centres (LCRCs) in Southern Gauteng. The data gathering instrument was a paper-based, self-administered structured questionnaire, which included two standardised measuring instruments for trauma levels and coping strategies respectively. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests indicated that non-parametric statistical procedures were required. Using the Mann Whitney U test, bivariate analysis allowed for testing the relationships between variables. The findings demonstrate that male CSEs outnumber female CSEs by approximately 3:1. CSEs attend violent crime scenes with striking regularity, but autopsies less frequently. Significant proportions of CSEs are routinely required to both take photographs of crime scenes and compile photo albums. A sizeable number of CSEs present with concerning levels of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptomology. The coping strategy adopted by majority of respondents is acceptance. Although attended less frequently, crime scenes involving deceased children are experienced as very distressing. A large proportion of CSEs are hesitant to access debriefing services, for numerous reasons, despite feeling the need to talk to someone about their work. The trauma experienced by CSEs is unique compared with other policing units. Therefore, it is recommended that trauma interventions should be responsive to their needs. Lastly, the CSEs who have been diagnosed with mental health conditions seem to be at significant risk, and thus they should receive special attention in future interventions. Keywords: crime scene examiner, Local Criminal Record Centres, trauma, traumatic event, crime scene, traumatic crime scene, emotional stress, coping strategy, autopsy, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Southern Gauteng. / Dissertation (MA (Criminology))--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Social Work and Criminology / MA (Criminology) / Restricted

This thesis adopts Gideon Toury’s model of “Problem of Translation” (2013: 38-45) as a framework of analysis in interpreting research, extrapolating the notion of “translation as process” to community interpreting. Thus, as an attempt to broaden the framework of analysis in community interpreting, this study aims to: 1) Register and classify conflicting situations and coping strategies that community interpreters find and use before, during and after assignments. 2) Understand the types of norms that govern community interpreters’ work. 3) Observe the interplay between institutional norms and interpreters’ actions and interactions. For these purposes, I conducted an exploratory study using Grounded Theory Methodology with 14 participants (9 community interpreters and 5 service providers) in the cities of Toronto, Ottawa, Gatineau, and Montreal. Interpreters’ accounts were triangulated with those of service providers and with institutional codes of ethics for community interpreting. The dialectical analysis carried out across this thesis allowed me to discover that participant interpreters’ coping strategies are twofold: rule bending and rule validating. The major findings shed light on technical aspects of conducting briefings, debriefings, and introductions. Another major finding is the concept of assertiveness, its relevance in the actions and interactions of interpreters, and its potential as a technical competence rather than a social talent. Finally, the challenges and coping strategies presented in the graphics may serve as guidelines for future research.