Os dicionários sempre foram e ainda são uma das principais ferramentas da tarefa tradutória. No entanto, a terminografia parece não ter se beneficiado ainda de forma sistemática, pelo menos no Brasil, da estreita relação entre dicionários técnicos e esse público-alvo específico e cada vez mais expressivo: os tradutores técnicos. Na área da Culinária, por exemplo, cuja demanda por traduções tem crescido regularmente no país, os dicionários disponíveis no par de línguas inglês-português, ainda que possam contribuir para a compreensão do texto original, não dão qualquer informação sobre como os termos são, de fato, usados em textos reais na área, ou seja, não auxiliam o tradutor numa etapa fundamental da atividade tradutória: a produção textual na língua de chegada. Nossa tese é a de que um dicionário que procure atender as necessidades de produção textual do tradutor deve concentrar-se nos aspectos que caracterizam o texto técnico do ponto de vista da tradução, isto é, deve descrever e propor equivalentes ou soluções tradutórias para as Unidades de Tradução Especializadas (UTEs) presentes nesses textos, com as quais o tradutor da área se depara freqüentemente em sua prática, sejam elas terminológicas ou não. A Lingüística de Corpus (L.C.), abordagem empirista que vê a língua como um sistema probabilístico, tem se dedicado à identificação de padrões léxico-gramaticais recorrentes na linguagem por meio da observação de textos autênticos organizados sob a forma de corpora eletrônicos. É, portanto, a área de estudos que julgamos fornecer os subsídios teóricos e metodológicos mais adequados para compilar as UTEs a partir de textos reais. Para abrigar essas unidades, apresentamos uma proposta de dicionário online bidirecional inglês-português voltado para o tradutor da área técnica da Culinária. As etapas seguidas no desenvolvimento deste trabalho estão organizadas em seis capítulos. O primeiro trata de aspectos teórico-práticos da tradução técnica e discute o papel da terminologia na prática tradutória. O segundo examina as especificidades do trabalho do tradutor da área da Culinária no Brasil e caracteriza a receita culinária , foco de nosso estudo, como gênero e tipologia textual. No terceiro capítulo, as bases teóricas e metodológicas da L.C. são apresentadas, bem como os critérios de coleta do corpus que servirá de base para a identificação das UTEs. O Capítulo IV descreve a etapa de exploração desse corpus: primeiramente, apresentamos o estudo em que é feito um levantamento manual de padrões léxicogramaticais usando o programa WordSmith Tools; em seguida, descrevemos uma metodologia de extração semi-automática de UTEs no corpus. O Capítulo V apresenta nossa proposta do Dicionário Online de Culinária bidirecional para Tradutores, descrevendo sua macro- e microestrutura. O Capítulo VI apresenta nossas considerações finais. Os resultados obtidos em nosso trabalho demonstram que a L.C., se usada não apenas como metodologia, mas como abordagem teórica na exploração de corpora especializados, permite elaborar dicionários mais úteis e confiáveis para o tradutor, pois leva em consideração quaisquer padrões associativos entre palavras cuja probabilidade de ocorrer em textos representativos da área seja alta fato que justifica plenamente a inclusão desses padrões num dicionário voltado para o tradutor-produtorde- textos. / Dictionaries have always been and still are one of the main tools for the translator s task. Nevertheless, terminography does not seem to have systematically benefited, at least in Brazil, from the close relation between technical dictionaries and this increasingly significant and particular target audience: technical translators. In the field of Culinary, for instance, which has witnessed a growing demand for translations in Brazil, much as the dictionaries available for the English-Portuguese language pair may contribute to the understanding of the source text, they still do not provide any information on how the terms are actually used in real texts. In other words, they do not help the translator in a crucial step of the translation activity: text production in the target language. The thesis advanced here is that a dictionary which seeks to meet the needs of a translator s text production should focus on the aspects which characterize technical texts from the point of view of translation itself, that is, it should describe and propose translation equivalents or suggestions for the Specialized Translation Units (STUs) occurring in these texts, which the translator in the area often comes across in her/his practice, whether they are terminological or not. Corpus Linguistics (CL), an empirical approach which regards language as a probabilistic system, has devoted itself to the identification of recurring lexico-grammatical patterns in language by observing authentic texts organized as electronic corpora. It is, therefore, the field of studies we deem capable of providing the most adequate theoretical and methodological support to extract the STUs from real texts. In order to embrace these units, a proposal of an online bidirectional English-Portuguese dictionary is presented, which is aimed at the technical Culinary translator. The steps followed in the development of this study were organized in six chapters. The first deals with the theoretical and practical aspects of technical translation and discusses the role of terminology in translation practice. The second examines the specificities of the Culinary translator s job in Brazil and characterizes the culinary recipe , the focus of this study, in terms of text genre and typology. In the third chapter, the theoretical and methodological foundations of CL are presented, as well as the criteria used in the compilation of the corpus to be used for the identification of the STUs. Chapter IV describes the exploration of this corpus: first, we present the study in which a manual search of lexico-grammatical patterns using the WordSmith Tools program is carried out; next, a methodology for semi-automatic extraction of STUs in the corpus is described. Chapter V presents our proposal for a bidirectional online Culinary Dictionary for Translators, describing its macro- and microstructure. Chapter VI contains the final considerations. The results obtained in this study bear witness to the fact that CL, if used not only as a methodology, but as a theoretical approach in the investigation of specialized corpora, enables the production of more useful and trustworthy dictionaries for the translator, for it takes into account any association patterns between words with a probability of occurrence in representative texts in the field a fact which strongly supports the inclusion of these patterns in a dictionary aimed at the translator-producer-of-texts

Ao tentar traduzir um texto específico sobre o tema futebol da língua espanhola para o português brasileiro ou vice-versa, o tradutor se depara com uma infinidade de termos típicos dessa área de especialidade que não constam em muitos dos atuais dicionários e glossários, ou constam de forma limitada, sem abranger muitas das situações reais de uso. Neste trabalho, construímos um glossário bilíngue e bidirecional que contempla os termos futebolísticos mais frequentes no par linguístico espanhol-português, usados rotineiramente na comunicação escrita. Partimos da suposição que a Linguística de Corpus forneceria os meios necessários para tal empreitada. A Linguística de Corpus permite estudar uma língua ou variedade linguística por computador, por meio de evidências empíricas encontradas em um corpus, entendido como um conjunto de dados linguísticos textuais em formato eletrônico e coletado de forma criteriosa. Esta dissertação está dividida em cinco partes. Como introdução, falamos de alguns aspectos históricos das línguas portuguesa e espanhola, da influência do futebol em nossa sociedade, de problemas encontrados em dicionários e glossários, e do potencial das notícias futebolísticas da Internet como referência para a construção do glossário que propomos. Na segunda parte, comentamos a Linguística de Corpus como abordagem e método de investigação, os tipos de corpora e a composição de nosso corpus de estudo, a questão da equivalência na tradução e a forma como selecionamos os termos e seus equivalentes tradutórios, tendo como base a comparação de notícias futebolísticas do Brasil, da Espanha e da Argentina, além da extração e observação de palavras-chave, com a ajuda de ferramentas eletrônicas específicas. Na terceira parte, discutimos as questões terminológicas que envolvem este estudo, especialmente as decisões tomadas para a macro e microestrutura de nosso glossário. Na quarta parte, demonstramos como o glossário pode ser apresentado ao consulente e oferecemos uma amostra de verbetes. Na quinta e última parte, fazemos as considerações finais, em que concluímos que a Linguística de Corpus, como abordagem e metodologia, confirmou-se eficiente para a construção do glossário bilíngue, pois a exploração de corpora especializados permitiu identificar os principais termos futebolísticos e seus equivalentes tradutórios usados na comunicação escrita do jornalismo brasileiro, espanhol e argentino, resultando em uma obra de referência bilíngue específica do futebol com quase quatro mil verbetes; todos com exemplos reais de uso / When trying to translate a specific text on football from Spanish into Brazilian Portuguese or vice versa, the translator is faced with a myriad of footbal-specific terms which are not found in most dictionaries or glossaries, or which are found in a limited way, leaving out many real use situations. In the course of this study, a bilingual and bi-directional glossary was built with the most commonly used football terms in written communication in the Spanish-Portuguese language pair, . My initial assumption was that Corpus Linguistics would provide the necessary means for such a task. Corpus Linguistics enables one to study a language or a language variety using a computer, retrieving empirical evidence found in a corpus, which is defined as a set of texts, compiled according to predefined criteria, in electronic format. This dissertation is divided into five parts. In the introduction, some historical aspects of Portuguese and Spanish are discussed, as well as the influence of football in our society, the problems found in dictionaries and glossaries, and the potential of football news retrieved from the Internet as a basis for building the glossary proposed. In the second part, I argue that Corpus Linguistics is an approach and a method of research, and present the different types of corpora. Then, the question of equivalence in translation is briefly addressed, the content of our corpus of study is explained, as well as the steps adopted to identify the terms and their translation equivalents, through the comparison of football news from Brazil, Spain and Argentina, and by means of the extraction and observation of keywords, with the aid of specific electronic tools. In the third part, I discuss the terminology issues implicated in this study, especially with reference to the decisions taken for the macro- and microstructure of the glossary. In the fourth part, I propose a form of presenting the glossary to the user and provide a sample of entries. In the fifth and last part, I make the final considerations, in which I conclude that Corpus Linguistics, as an approach and a methodology, proved to be effective for the construction of the targeted bilingual glossary, since exploring the specialized corpora made it possible to properly identify the main football terms used in written communication in Brazilian, Spanish and Argentine journalism and their translation equivalents. The result is a bilingual work of reference in the field of football, which contains nearly four thousand entries, all of them with authentic examples of usage.

A presente tese visa a apresentar uma análise dos procedimentos retóricoargumentativos empregados pelo apóstolo Paulo em suas epístolas, a saber: Romanos, 1 e 2 Coríntios, Gálatas, Filipenses, 1 Tessalonicenses e Filemon. Todas as consultas que lhes foram feitas basearam-se nos textos gregos, o que permitiu, o quanto possível, uma maior proximidade dos discursos originais, sempre levando em conta as suas condições de produção, sobretudo no que diz respeito à construção da imagem do orador, aos diferentes auditórios e aos mecanismos de convencimento e de persuasão. Os objetivos da presente análise são contribuir para o desenvolvimento dos estudos das indissociáveis noções de hq= oj (êthos), paq, oj (páthos) e log, oj (lógos), em suas funções argumentativas em discursos religiosos antigos, e colaborar para a incrementação da competência retórica de leitura desse gênero textual. Tendo como teorias de base a Retórica de Aristóteles e a Nova Retórica de Chaïm Perelman e seus sucessores, o exame do corpus paulinum põe em evidência a relação discursiva entre orador e auditório e as necessárias adaptações e estratégias discursivas dela decorrentes. De maneira complementar, com o auxílio de teorias semióticas, analisa-se também os discursos paulinos registrados por Lucas em Atos dos Apóstolos, fonte que, embora seja alvo das mais polêmicas discussões a respeito da credibilidade de seu teor, ainda mantém o seu grau relativo de importância para esta pesquisa, em função dos relatos discursivos que Paulo teria feito em suas viagens missionárias. / The aim of this thesis is to present an analysis of the rethorical argumention schemes employed by Paul the Apostle in his epistles, namely: Romans, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Philippians, 1 Thessalonians and Philemon. All inquiries made in them were based on Greek texts, which allowed, as much as possible, a greater closeness to the original speeches, always taking into account their production conditions, particularly in relation to the image-building of the speaker to the different audiences and the mechanisms of persuasion and conviction. The goals of this analysis are to contribute to the development of the studies of the indissociable hq= oj (ethos), paq, oj (pathos) e log, oj (logos), notions in their argumentative functions in ancient religious discourses, as well as to contribute to the increment of the reading rhetorical skills of this textual genre. Based on foundation theories such as Aristotle\'s Rhetoric and the New Rhetoric elaborated by Chaïm Perelman and his successors, the investigation of the corpus Paulinum highlights the discursive relationship between speaker and audience, as well the necessary adjustments and discursive strategies entailed by this association. In a complementary way and with the support from Semiotic theories, we also analyse the Pauline speeches recorded by Luke in Acts; a source that, although the most controversial issues targeted about the credibility of its contents, still maintains a relative degree of importance to this research because of the discursive reports that Paul would have done in his missionary journeys.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2005. / Restricted until May 2007. Bibliography: leaves 97-114.

%%%Un résumé mis en forme disponible dans les fichiers joints%%% Nous avons commencé par faire le pari que la syntaxe pouvait expliquer la majorité des signes de ponctuation. Cette optique nous a guidé durant toute notre étude, dont le but était de répondre à la question: «Comment, d'après ce qu'on peut observer dans les chartes écrites en français à Liège avant 1292, la ponctuation originale interagit-elle avec la syntaxe dans la langue française médiévale?» Nous avons d'emblée positionné notre étude par rapport à la réflexion sur la ponctuation médiévale, osant le pari que la syntaxe peut servir de point de référence pour expliquer la plus grande partie de la ponctuation des chartes. Nous avons ensuite décrit la constitution du corpus. Face à une pareille question, il n'était pas envisageable de commencer immédiatement à dépouiller les documents: il nous fallait définir avec exactitude les différents concepts dont nous allions avoir besoin. *** Première partie: modélisation *** La première partie du travail a ainsi été consacrée à la définition, sur des bases empiriques, des concepts mobilisés. Partant du sens commun et des principes fondamentaux de l'analyse linguistique classique (tenant du structuralisme et du fonctionnalisme), nous avons exploité les matériaux à notre disposition pour en dégager des notions, dans une approche inductive par son rapport aux faits, mais déductive par sa progression. Ainsi, au chapitre 2, l'observation du tracé des unités graphiques sur le parchemin nous a amené à abstraire les catégories nécessaires à une modélisation de l'ensemble des unités de la langue écrite, pour lesquelles nous proposons une terminologie neuve reflétant notre analyse. Nous avons progressivement défini _langue écrite_, puis _scriptèmes_, _grammèmes_, etc., progressant des unités les plus générales aux unités les plus particulières. Ce n'est qu'à ce prix que nous avons pu enfin délimiter exactement, le moins intuitivement possible, notre propre acception du mot _ponctuation_: «ensemble des ponctogrammes d'une langue écrite spécifique}. Dans cette définition, le terme _ponctogramme_ désigne une unité minimale de la langue écrite (_scriptème_) n'organisant pas l'espace (_grammème_), exprimant un contenu (_plérégramme_), ne dépendant pas matériellement d'une autre unité (_autogramme_), construit à l'aide de traits qui ne se combinent pas obligatoirement sur un même axe (_nébulogramme_) et non paraphrasable par d'autres unités significatives... Employer ce terme ne pouvait se faire qu'à la fin d'un exposé détaillé, passant en revue tous les hyperonymes impliqués. De manière moins audacieuse du point de vue de la terminologie employée, nous avons également tenté d'exposer notre conception de la syntaxe (chapitre 3). À nouveau, c'est le corpus qui nous a servi de guide: une fois les phrases délimitées de manière empirique, toutes les structures syntaxiques ont été passées en revue, nommées et intégrées dans un système théorique fondé sur la notion, héritée d'Alain Lemaréchal, de _relation minimale_. Nous sommes parti de l'existence d'un lien sémantique entre les unités en présence et nous avons caractérisé la manière dont ce lien était _spécifié_. Nous croyons, au delà de l'intérêt pratique de cette première partie, que les concepts dégagés peuvent être jugés suffisamment généraux sinon pour servir à la comparaison d'autres systèmes graphiques ou syntaxiques, du moins afin de constituer une base à leur description. *** Deuxième partie: analyse des données*** Une fois les concepts définis et l'ensemble du corpus annoté, il a été envisageable de répondre à la question posée. Néanmoins, l'ensemble des données disponibles, de par sa nature et son abondance, rendait l'approche traditionnelle -- ou plutôt _manuelle_ -- difficilement applicable. C'est pourquoi nous avons ouvert la seconde partie du travail en annonçant le recours à des méthodes plus outillées: les statistiques (introduites au chapitre 4). Ces méthodes présentées, nous avons sélectionné six caractéristiques morphosyntaxiques et positionnelles que nous avons jugées fondamentales pour décrire tous les constituants. Ces variables répondaient à six questions: 1/ du point de vue de l'ordre linéaire des mots, le constituant est-il le premier de la structure qu'il sert à construire? 2/ le constituant est-il le dernier de la structure qu'il sert à construire? 3/ quelle est la nature et le niveau d'intégration syntaxique de la structure qui le contient? 4/ quelle est la fonction du constituant? 5/ est-il de nature propositionnelle (mode personnel ou non)? 6/ est-il relaté? Nous avons ensuite pu mettre en relation les réponses à ces questions et la simple présence de ponctuation de part et d'autre des constituants, sans tenir compte, dans un premier temps, de la forme des ponctogrammes. Pour ce faire, nous avons essentiellement employé les techniques statistiques les plus classiques en sciences humaines: l'analyse des tableaux de contingence à l'aide du test du chi². Après avoir évalué la relation entre chacune des six variables et la ponctuation, nous avons constaté l'inefficacité de la méthode, ce qui nous a conduit à en rechercher une autre, permettant d'envisager simultanément toutes les variables morphosyntaxiques et positionnelles, en particulier. Ces nouveaux dépouillements nous ont permis de repérer, au milieu de la masse de constituants inégalement marqués par la présence d'un ponctogramme, ceux dont le marquage ou le rejet du marquage avait la plus faible probabilité d'être dû au hasard. Ce qui est ressorti de cette première étape, où les données étaient réduites à une représentation très abstraite, c'est une liste de points forts concernant: - la différence de fréquence entre le marquage de la phrase et celui des autres propositions; - la spécificité du marquage d'un certain nombre de types d'arguments; - le rejet manifeste du marquage du prédicat; - la faible fréquence de marquage à la suite des relateurs; - la forte présence de marquage devant les coordonnants. Nous avons ainsi pu observer que la ponctuation n'était pas obligatoire, mais que sa présence était certainement liée à un contexte syntaxique spécifique. Ensuite, ces grandes lignes ont pu être inspectées de manière plus concrète: pour chaque tendance qui le justifiait, nous avons évalué la probabilité que l'attraction ou la répulsion observée soit généralisée. Nous avons adopté la position pragmatique selon laquelle toute tendance suffisamment fréquente pouvait être considérée comme générale si le fait de retirer les chartes qui la manifestaient de manière significative de l'échantillon ne changeait pas significativement la probabilité d'attraction. Il en est ressorti que la plupart des tendances observées étaient générales ou trop faiblement illustrées pour être évaluées de ce point de vue. Par ailleurs, nous avons essayé de mettre en relation la ponctuation avec le contexte immédiat, ce qui nous a laissé observer que beaucoup de constituants étaient davantage, voire exclusivement marqués au contact d'autres constituants attirant également le marquage ou dans un contexte de coordination. Cet examen détaillé des tendances mises en évidence au chapitre 5 permet en fin de compte de faire le tri parmi les tendances et de repérer celles qui sont manifestement dues à l'entourage du constituant ou au document dans lequel il est attesté. En observant plus intuitivement les attestations, nous avons également pu repérer, comme nous nous y attendions, un certain nombre de tendances liées à des facteurs étrangers à la morphosyntaxe: la ponctuation de formules spécifiques au type discursif, celle des chiffres ou encore la présence d'un ponctogramme devant les noms de personnes. En outre, l'examen du détail des attestations nous a amené à proposer des révisions concernant le modèle d'analyse morphosyntaxique présenté au chapitre 3: 1/ il conviendrait que soient pris en compte les lexèmes employés; 2/ la notion de la coordination pourrait être étendue à des groupements de constituants que nous n'avons pas considérés comme coordonnés; 3/ il serait peut-être profitable de considérer les coordonnants de la même manière que les autres relateurs. D'autre part, nous avons insisté sur le fait que l'analyse des structures en syntaxe immédiate gagnerait à être moins abstraite. De cette étude de la fréquence du marquage est ressorti un ensemble d'environnements propices à la présence de ponctuation. À ce moment, il nous a été possible de réintroduire les considérations portant sur la _forme_ des ponctogrammes et d'employer l'_Analyse Factorielle des Correspondances_ (AFC) pour décrire les données. Nous avons effectué un tri croisé pour mesurer les associations entre la forme des ponctogrammes et la tendance au marquage spécifique à la position où se trouvait ce ponctogramme (ce qui incluait l'absence d'environnement attirant le marquage). Après une analyse exploratoire, nous avons complété notre étude par une série de tests évaluant la probabilité que les regroupements entre la forme des ponctogrammes et l'environnement dans lequel on les rencontre soit due au hasard. Dans la majorité des cas observés, les contrastes mis en évidence par l'AFC correspondaient à des oppositions significatives. L'étude détaillée de la forme a mené à la conclusion suivante: les ponctogrammes autres que <·> sont plus rares, et leur emploi paraît plus spécifique à un environnement donné. En d'autres termes: non seulement les scribes ne ponctuaient pas n'importe où, mais, en plus, ils n'employaient pas indifféremment les signes. Les méthodes ne permettant pas de traiter de manière efficace les ponctogrammes peu attestés, nous les avons simplement commentés, laissant de côté les statistiques pour une étude plus philologique. Ces observations ont mené, d'une part, à la critique de la validité de la transcription: 1/ certaines distinctions entre les formes sont peut-être superflues; 2/ certaines unités peuvent être confondues avec d'autres. D'autre part, la forme des ponctogrammes pose la question de la relation entre les ponctogrammes et le reste du système graphique.

This study investigated the use of lexical bundles in research articles written in English by Turkish scholars. For the purpose of the study, a corpus of published research articles produced by Turkish scholars in six different academic disciplines was collected. The four-word lexical bundles that appeared at least twenty times in this one million word corpus were identified and further analyzed both structurally and functionally based on the previous taxonomies developed by Biber, Johansson, Leech, Conrad and Finegan (1999) and Biber, Conrad and Cortes (2004). The results of this study revealed that the lexical bundles found have structural correlates as well as strong functional features that help to construct discourse in academic writing. The conclusions drawn from this study could be applied to the teaching of academic genres to researchers in English as a Foreign Language context and are expected to provide insights for further corpus-based studies in academic writing.

This three-article dissertation emerges from interests in corpus linguistics (CL), corpus-based discourse analysis, and corpus-informed pedagogy for second language (L2) writing classrooms. A brief summary of each article follows: Article #1: Using the localized, place-based discourse of the Rosemont Copper Mine debate of southern Arizona, the first article produces a corpus-based discourse analysis of texts from the primary interest groups involved in the mine proposal. The ecolinguistic analysis details linguistic patterns within the interest groups' texts and discusses how these grammatical and semantic features form rhetorical constellations, i.e. patterns of linguistic features performing a shared rhetorical purpose, within the debate. Findings show that the industry group produces rhetoric of authority, certainty, and dominion through deployment of particular constellations of lexicogrammatical features while the linguistic elements in the environmental advocacy texts construe uncertainty, doubt, aesthetic value, and environmental stewardship. Article #2: The second article details an integration of geographical information system (GIS) and CL techniques with an ecolinguistics-informed analytical framework for the analysis of the same contentious environmental debate from southern Arizona. The application of GIS and CL procedures enabled the mapping of place name mentions present within two interest group corpora as well as the frequency of particular semantic tags and semantic tag sets that co-occur with specific places prominent in the debate. The findings and the GIS visualizations exhibit how different interest groups refer to and represent geographical places within their discourse and how these references to places index ideological positions towards the environment. Article #3: The final article details a study in which twenty-one international students in the second course of an undergraduate writing program sequence at a U.S. university studied the local debate regarding the Rosemont Copper Mine. The participants analyzed texts from two primary interest groups, a local, environmental group and an international mining company, and participated in a series of corpus-aided activities using corpus data derived from texts from the opposing groups. The contrastive analyses made possible through the study of texts and corpus data from the two sharply distinct groups enabled students to notice, analyze, and discuss the meaningful and purposeful variation in word choice and rhetorical strategies present in the texts, the data, and the debate. The article provides a model for how corpus data can be integrated into writing classrooms for advancing students' abilities to analyze language and increase rhetorical awareness. The introductory chapter provides an overview of the Rosemont Copper Mine debate, ecolinguistics, and corpus linguistics. This opening chapter is followed by three articles (corresponding to Chapters 2, 3, and 4), and the dissertation concludes with a discussion of implications of the findings and potential for future research.

Οι μεταλλαγές του Θησέα στο έργο του Ευριπίδη είναι προϊόντα της δυναμικής διαπραγμάτευσης που ο δημιουργός επιφυλάσσει στην παραδοσιακή εικόνα του μυθικού ήρωα. Συνιστούν μια μορφή που αναγκαστικά διαβάζεται σε όλη την κλίμακα των ιδεολογικών της αποχρώσεων, πρωτογενώς ωστόσο υπαγορεύεται αυστηρά από τις δραματουργικές ανάγκες του εκάστοτε έργου. Στόχος της παρούσας εργασίας είναι περισσότερο να δείξει τη δραματουργική λειτουργικότητα των διαδοχικών μεταλλαγών του ήρωα, παρά να την αποδώσει σε συνειδητές, ιδεολογικές μεθοδεύσεις του Ευριπίδη. Περισσότερο να περιγράψει την αναγκαιότητά τους και μόνο εν συνεχεία να εξετάσει τις όποιες ιδεολογικές μεταμορφώσεις αποτυπώνει για την εποχή του το ευριπίδειο έργο. / The transmutations of Theseus’ icon in euripidean corpus are products of the dynamic negotiation that the dramatist holds in store for the traditional picture of the fabulous hero. They establish a form that can perfoce be read in the whole scale of its ideological connotations, however, this form is strictly dictated by the dramaturgical needs of each work. Present dissertation’s aim is to show the dramatic function of hero’s successive transmutations, rather than attributing them to Euripides’ conscious, ideological manipulations. It seeks in the first instance to describe their necessity and only in a second level to examine the ideological transfigurations that the euripidean corpus incuses for its era.

El objetivo de esta tesis es, por una parte, el análisis lingüístico y estadístico de las siglas en el discurso espacializado de los ámbitos de genoma humano y medo ambiente. Por otra parte, el establecimiento de los patrones para el desarrollo de sistemas de reconocimiento semiautomático de siglas tendientes a la creación o mejoramiento de los diccionarios de siglas en línea. Esta investigación se divide en cuatro partes principales, a saber: 1) Definición y tipología de las siglas; 2) análisis estadístico o siglométrico; 3) análisis lingüístico y 4) patrones para la identificación de siglas en corpus. / The aim of this thesis is, on the one hand, the linguistic and statistical analysis of the initialisms in the specialized discourse of the domains of Genomics and Environment. On the other hand, the establishment of patterns to develop semiautomatic recognition systems to facilitate the building or update of online abbreviation dictionaries. This research is divided into four main parts: 1) Initialisms definition and typology; 2) Corpus quantitative analysis; 3) Corpus qualitative analysis, and 4) Initialisms recognition patterns.

The corpus callosum (CC) is the largest fiber¹ tract in the brain and connects homological regions of the two cerebral hemispheres. Research with split-brain patients, whose CC has been surgically severed, and neurologically intact groups has shown that the CC is important for sustained and divided attention. Due to its role in attention, the CC is of interest to clinical conditions in which attention is affected, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although the size of the CC has been examined in children and adolescents with ADHD, the results have been inconsistent. Therefore, the first of three studies in this thesis synthesized the current research in a metaanalysis, which analyzed the data from 13 studies that examined CC area in children and adolescents with ADHD, when compared to healthy controls. This study found that the splenium, the most posterior region of the CC, was smaller in ADHD and the rostral body, an anterior region, was smaller in boys with ADHD compared with controls. Thus, there is evidence for differences in area in both the anterior and posterior regions of the CC in ADHD. It was not known whether these differences persist into adulthood, however, because CC size had not been examined in adults with ADHD. Therefore, the second study examined CC area and structural integrity in young adults with ADHD compared with healthy controls using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), respectively. The difference in the size of the splenium was not present in this adult sample, although the genu (an anterior region of the CC) was smaller and two midposterior regions were larger in adults with ADHD when compared with controls. In addition, a reduction in the integrity of the genu and greater integrity in the splenium was found in ADHD. The relationship between CC morphology and measures of attention and IQ was also examined in young adults with ADHD and controls in order to assess the functional significance of differences in the CC. The integrity of the splenium was correlated with performance on the Stroop task, which requires attentional control. Hence, this study indicated that the morphology of the CC is atypical in young adults with ADHD and that these differences in the CC may impact on cognitive functioning. Interestingly, an estimate of performance IQ was negatively correlated with CC area in controls. This result conflicts with previous research on the relationship between IQ and the CC in healthy adults although the literature has yielded inconsistent findings. The third study, therefore, examined the relationship between IQ and both CC area and integrity in more detail in a larger sample of young adults. A negative correlation was found between the area of posterior regions of the CC and an estimate of performance IQ, while an estimate of verbal IQ was associated with decreased structural integrity in the genu. This study supports the hypothesis that differences in CC size and or integrity may have cognitive consequences. In summary, this thesis confirms the view that the development of the CC is atypical in children and young adults with ADHD. In addition, differences in CC integrity were associated with cognitive functioning in young adults with ADHD. Finally, the morphology of the CC is related to cognitive performance in healthy adults. ¹ American spelling is used throughout the thesis in order to be consistent with the published papers which have been published or prepared using American spelling. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1367349 / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Psychology, 2009