With the development of globalization, countries with positive and good ¡§country images¡¨ take more advantages when competing for tourists, products and investments in the world. Country images are attitudes that people have towards country¡¦s people, organizations and institutions. Country images normally derive from history and environment events and will affect the evaluation of country¡¦s products. This research holds that ¡§Country branding¡¨ can build up positive country images, improve negative images and increase consumers¡¦ desire to cousume country¡¦s products. Three cases are discussed in this research: product images and destination images of Taiwan and destination images of New Zealand. Literature review and interviews are the main research methods. This research concludes that setting up a responsible organization, maintaining sufficient and stable fund and assigning a suitable leader are essential for the country branding strateies. Besides, when forming the country branding strategies, this research suggests that: 1) Differentiation is one of the most important concept. 2) Country branding should be based on country¡¦s reality and features. 3) Country branding should deliver ¡§integrated, consistent and sustainable¡¨ images to customers.

Iki šiol nėra vieningos nuomonės, kaip turėtų būti apjungta prekės kilmės šalies efekto vertinimo koncepcijų ir principų įvairovė. Todėl metodologiniais ir praktinės vadybos tikslais būtina vieninga prekės kilmės šalies efekto įvertinimo metodika, sudaranti sąlygas atsižvelgti į šio efekto įvairiapusiškumą ir įtaką vartotojų elgsenoje. Atsižvelgiant į problemos aktualumą, numatomas darbo tikslas yra dvejopas ir susijęs su nurodyta prekės kilmės šalies efekto vertinimo krypčių ir metodų įvairove: 1) išskirti vieningą metodiką prekės kilmės šalies efekto ir nacionalinio įvaizdžio vertinimui vartotojų elgsenos procesuose; 2) apibrėžti galimas pasiūlyto modelio pritaikymo kryptis verslo praktikoje. Siekiant nurodytų darbo tikslų ir sutelkiant dėmesį į vieningos kilmės šalies efekto vertinimo metodikos nustatymą, apibrėžiami šie darbo uždaviniai: a) atlikti teorinių šaltinių (literatūros) ir empirinių tyrimų, nagrinėjančių prekės kilmės šalies efektą ir šalies įvaizdžio įtaką vartotojų elgsenoje, analizę, b) išskirti pagrindinius prekės kilmės šalies efekto vertinimo elementus ir principus, remiantis pagrindinėmis šalies įvaizdžio koncepcijos nuostatomis, c) apibrėžti vieningą teorinį prekės kilmės šalies efekto vertinimo modelį, d) pateikti galimus siūlomo prekės kilmės šalies efekto vertinimo modelio pritaikymo sprendimus Lietuvos verslo aplinkai. Siekiant apibrėžtų uždavinių įvykdymo, šiame tiriamajame teoriniame-metodologiniame darbe atliekant literatūros šaltinių bei... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This graduation paper researches the phenomenon of country-of-origin effect with the two-fold aim to define a unified model for the COO effect evaluation and identify model application opportunities in the business reality. This identification of the aim of the paper has led to the following objectives of the study: · to present an in-depth analysis of theoretical concepts and models related to the COO effect and identify main trends in the scientific COO research, · to identify essential principals of the COO effect evaluation in regard to consumer behaviour; · to integrate main theoretical and empirical aspects of the phenomenon in a unified hypothetical model; · to propose opportunities for model application in Lithuanian business. In order to achieve the stated aim and given objectives, the object of research was defined as COO effect and the following methodology was selected: (1) content analysis of empirical research to be carried out, (2) theoretical analysis of theories related to COO to be conveyed, (3) synthesis of empirical and theoretical dimensions in a unified COO model, (4) a pilot study to be carried out to define the existence of the COO effect in regard to Lithuanian consumers. Part 1 of the paper discloses major theoretical and empirical concepts related to the COO effect. Analytical approach is used in Part 2 to view theoretical and empirical approaches to the evaluation of COO effect in consumer behaviour. Part 3 of the paper covers pilot research as an... [to full text]

Successful presentation of a country as a brand and positioning its unique image on the global level can give significant opportunities for development and progress of the state in the different areas. This research applies theories on the country branding to estimate impact of mega sport events on the image of state. To accomplish these goal I used case study – formation of brand Ukraine before hosting European Football Championship 2012 (EURO 2012). To investigate  brand strategy of Ukraine and analyze implemented projects I conducted in-depth interviews with government officials and independent experts, who are involved in promo campaigns of Ukraine. The research concluded that Ukraine is in the process of  brand formation, but it is too early to to assume the existance of the comprehensive brand of the country. For Ukraine, EURO 2012 impulses change of negative perceptions of the country and  is a step towards complex strategy of brand creation. Future of this strategy therefore depends on conducting preliminary studies of each promo project and coordinated collaboration between all actors who take part in creation of brand Ukraine. Research also provides recommendations on how to make brand campaign more efficient.

A complexidade simbólica de um país está relacionada com diferentes aspectos socioculturais que se imbricam, influenciam-se, potencializam-se e parametrizam-se, uns aos outros. A tese apresenta os resultados da investigação da imagem da Marca Brasil, de 2013 a 2014, amparada pelos estudos da teoria social da mídia, identidade cultural, consumo simbólico, semiótica peirceana e análise de discurso (AD). A noção de país, em geral, imediatamente associada a uma acepção geográfica, pode abarcar uma inextricabilidade de sentidos. Outras noções importantes estão também intimamente ligadas a ela, tais como Estado, pátria, soberania e nacionalidade. Por outro lado, a \'marca\', como aqui compreendida, vislumbra o Brasil como uma instância enunciativa, uma conexão simbólica e afetiva estabelecida entre a sua materialidade (tangível e discursiva) e seus interlocutores. É a partir das suas manifestações, sistema de interface entre uma marca e seu público, que ela cria um sentido em sua audiência. Inclui-se aí toda a esfera da comunicação publicitária, jornalística, e todos os seus pontos de contato. A identidade de uma nação é alicerçada nas narrativas da história (um ato também comunicacional), da literatura, da mídia, do consumo e da publicidade, que têm sido cada vez mais permeadas por fluxos globalizados, materiais e simbólicos. Assim, a Marca Brasil está presente na memória e ancorada no conjunto das sensações e saberes de cada um a respeito do Brasil. Na medida em que o ambiente caminha cada vez mais para um contexto tríplice hiper: hiperconexão, hiperconvergência e hipermodernidade, os meios de comunicação assumem um inevitável papel-chave no processo de concepção dos sentidos, assim como da estereotipia dos países. A Copa do Mundo de 2014 e o contexto político do Brasil no período intensificaram a sua visibilidade midiática internacional e o processo de significação da Marca Brasil no exterior. Compreendendo que o campo dos media jornalístico e publicitário contribuem na legitimação da imagem identitária da nação, essa pesquisa monitorou, catalogou e categorizou mais de 400 menções sobre o país na imprensa internacional - The Economist (Inglaterra), Der Spiegel (Alemanha), Time (E.U.A), La Noticia de la Semana (Argentina), The Huffington Post (E.U.A, digital) -, buscando compreender os efeitos de sentido que circulam na materialidade discursiva desse corpus. Paralelamente, as peças publicitárias da Marca Brasil, veiculadas no exterior, também tiveram seu potencial simbólico estudado, o que foi colocado em contraposição aos discursos da imprensa. Dessa análise, pudemos apreender o discurso pessimista do jornalismo internacional, pautado pela mídia brasileira, em contraste ao ufanismo simbólico da Marca Brasil, ambos amparados em estereótipos dessa nacionalidade. Complementarmente, buscamos apreender a percepção nacional, diante de tais acontecimentos e dos esforços do Estado para valorizar sua marca-país. Uma sondagem quantitativa, em âmbito nacional, representativa da população brasileira com 16 anos ou mais, indicou que, se por um lado a realização da Copa 2014 polarizou as opiniões dos brasileiros, por outro demonstrou que os Jogos Olímpicos de 2016 apresentam um consentimento social bem mais amplo. / The symbolic complexity of a country is related to different socio-cultural aspects that imbricate, influence, leverage and parameterize each other. This thesis presents the research results of the \"Brand Brazil\" image, from 2013 to 2014, supported by studies of the social theory of the media, cultural identity, symbolic consumption, Peirce\'s semiotics and discourse analysis (AD). The notion of country in general, once associated with an accepted geographical location, can shelter an inextricability of meanings. Many important abstract concepts are also closely linked to it, such as State, homeland, sovereignty and nationality. On the other hand, the \"brand\", as here understood, envisions Brazil as an enunciative instance, a symbolic and emotional connection established between its materiality (tangible and discursive) and its interlocutors. It is from its manifestations, the interface system between a brand and its audience, that a meaning is created in the audience. This includes all its touch points and the whole sphere of advertising and journalistic communication. The identity of a nation is rooted in the narratives of history (also a communicational act), literature, media consumption, and advertising, which have been increasingly permeated by the globalized flows, in material and symbolic senses. Therefore, the Brand Brazil is present in the memory and is anchored in the set of feelings and knowledge of each person regarding Brazil. As the environment marches increasingly into a hyper-triple-context - hyper-connection, hyper-convergence and hypermodernity - the media plays an inevitably key role in the process of the meanings and stereotyped conception of countries. The 2014 World Cup and the political situation of Brazil during this period have advanced its international media visibility and the recognition process of Brand Brazil overseas. Understanding that the news and the various mediums of advertising contribute to the legitimacy of the nation\'s identity and self-image, this research tracked, cataloged and categorized more than 400 references to the country in the international press - The Economist (United Kingdom), Der Spiegel (Germany), Time (U.S.A), La Noticia de La Semana (Argentina), The Huffington Post (U.S.A, digital) - attempting to understand the meaning of these references and to interpret their impact on the Brazilian national brand. At the same time, the symbolic potential of Brand Brazil was studied, and was assessed in contrast to the press discourses. From this analysis, we could perceive the clearly pessimistic direction of international news media discourses, as set by the Brazilian news media agenda, in contrast to the advertising media\'s symbolic jingoism, both admitted national stereotypes. In addition, we sought to identify the domestic perception before such events and the State\'s efforts to enhance the country\'s brand. A quantitative nationwide survey, representative interviews of the population aged 16 or older, indicated that while hosting the 2014 World Cup polarized the opinions of Brazilians, hosting of the 2016 Olympic Games, in contrast, seems to have created a much broader social consent.

<p>Problem:</p><p>Which of Thailand’s four main sectors that nation brands compete including tourism, FDI, export promotion, and talent attraction that should be develop a main focus in developing a stronger Nation Brand for the country comparing to other four countries in South East Asia including Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines?</p><p>Purpose:</p><p>The purpose of this paper are 1) to study and analyze the current status of Thailand’s nation brand equity and 2) to examine the feasibility in each of Thailand’s four main sectors that nation brands compete including tourism, FDI, export promotion, and talent attraction by comparing to other four countries in ASEAN including Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Indonesia in order to generate recommendations for the country in developing a stronger nation branding strategy in the future.</p><p>Method:</p><p>In order to achieve our purpose, firstly, we chose ‘Asset-based Nation brand equity’ model to collect the information and perform analysis on the contribution of both nation internal and external assets towards nation brand equity. Secondly, ‘Nation brand internal analysis’ model was chosen in order to be a guideline for gathering data and performing analysis on Thailand’s nation brand capability in each of the 4 main sectors comparing to the other four countries. In addition, due to our research topic and limited time frame, we would rely on secondary sources as our main source of information with some guidance from our primary source. After the analysis had been performed, we had reached the conclusion and generated recommendation for our target group</p><p>Conclusion:</p><p>For the analysis of Nation brand equity, Thailand has equipped relatively strong internal assets both innate and nurtured as the country is rich with beautiful landscape and fascinating culture together with a strong support for the art from both governmental and private sectors. However, as for external assets, both disseminated and vicarious assets of Thailand still weakly contribute to the strength of the nation equity. Due to these reasons, we have recommended Thai governmental units to set up the organizations to improve the quality of disseminated asset and also start cooperation with private sector in order to come up with external portrayal in popular culture that can effective represent and enhance the country’s image.</p><p>As for the result of ‘Nation brand internal analysis’, Thailand has shown moderate to high capability in the Export Promotion sector which was the highest among the other 3 sectors. However, based on the data in the analysis part, there are still lots of things needed to be done both by Thai governmental units and private sector in order to boost the country’s nation brand capability to achieve competitive advantage in the international market in the long run. According to this point, we had listed some recommendations for the governmental units to use as a general guideline in obtaining a strong nation brand that could help the country become more competitive in the global market.</p>

Problem: Which of Thailand’s four main sectors that nation brands compete including tourism, FDI, export promotion, and talent attraction that should be develop a main focus in developing a stronger Nation Brand for the country comparing to other four countries in South East Asia including Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines? Purpose: The purpose of this paper are 1) to study and analyze the current status of Thailand’s nation brand equity and 2) to examine the feasibility in each of Thailand’s four main sectors that nation brands compete including tourism, FDI, export promotion, and talent attraction by comparing to other four countries in ASEAN including Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Indonesia in order to generate recommendations for the country in developing a stronger nation branding strategy in the future. Method: In order to achieve our purpose, firstly, we chose ‘Asset-based Nation brand equity’ model to collect the information and perform analysis on the contribution of both nation internal and external assets towards nation brand equity. Secondly, ‘Nation brand internal analysis’ model was chosen in order to be a guideline for gathering data and performing analysis on Thailand’s nation brand capability in each of the 4 main sectors comparing to the other four countries. In addition, due to our research topic and limited time frame, we would rely on secondary sources as our main source of information with some guidance from our primary source. After the analysis had been performed, we had reached the conclusion and generated recommendation for our target group Conclusion: For the analysis of Nation brand equity, Thailand has equipped relatively strong internal assets both innate and nurtured as the country is rich with beautiful landscape and fascinating culture together with a strong support for the art from both governmental and private sectors. However, as for external assets, both disseminated and vicarious assets of Thailand still weakly contribute to the strength of the nation equity. Due to these reasons, we have recommended Thai governmental units to set up the organizations to improve the quality of disseminated asset and also start cooperation with private sector in order to come up with external portrayal in popular culture that can effective represent and enhance the country’s image. As for the result of ‘Nation brand internal analysis’, Thailand has shown moderate to high capability in the Export Promotion sector which was the highest among the other 3 sectors. However, based on the data in the analysis part, there are still lots of things needed to be done both by Thai governmental units and private sector in order to boost the country’s nation brand capability to achieve competitive advantage in the international market in the long run. According to this point, we had listed some recommendations for the governmental units to use as a general guideline in obtaining a strong nation brand that could help the country become more competitive in the global market.

In the era of globalization, countries compete with each other for attention, respect and trust of potential consumers, investors, tourists, media and governments of other nations. Branding is the most powerful tool that a nation can utilize for effective differentiation strategies and for creating competitive advantage over other nations. Unfortunately, not every nations or destination marketers have a broad understanding of the concept of branding and how a country can be successfully branded. Hence, this study has proposed a model that could be used as a valuable guide for country branding. Also the model is recommended for countries struggling with image crisis; on the mission to improve the image internationally. Nigeria is a good example of countries with image crisis; it is one of the most populated countries in the world with a population of about 160 million inhabitants and growth rate of 2.553percent annually. Despite the abundant resources (e.g. coal, petroleum, natural gas etc.) that the nation is endowed with, it is quite disappointing that the population below poverty line is still at the alarming rate of 70percent of the total population. The mismanagement and poor leadership of the nation characterised by corruption, fraud, embezzlement of public fund etc. has culminated into serious image crisis that is slowing down the potential for investment and economic growth. However, there has been series of image rebranding campaigns but no tangible achievement has been recorded. It is quite questionable though, if image rebranding will provide the kind of future that Nigeria envisaged, considering the socio-political situation and the economic imbalance; compounded by the obvious fact that the nation has no known brand. Therefore, this paper argues that there is need to redirect the effort invested on image rebranding to the creation of a unique and competitive brand for the country. It was established from the study that a nation’s brand is capable of improving the reputation of the nation as well as stimulate the expectation of the target audience. However, it was also established from the study that a wrong approach to branding could mislead the target audience and attract negative publicity. Hence, as a contribution of the study to the field of branding, a model was proposed as a functional guide for country branding. Also, considering the abysmal performance of Nigeria’s image in the international community and to strengthen the argument that brand creation is required for the country; an experimental application of the proposed model was conducted using Nigeria as the case country. The first phase of the model suggested a major improvement in the society; this is required to further enhance the strengths of the country and to motivate the much needed community participation and confidence in the brand creation. It is the conclusion of the study that a strong nation brand can offset the image problem if it is built on something concrete, genuine, and uniquely identifiable with the country, capable of connecting to the cognitive psychology of the target audience.

In the presence of globalization countries increasingly implement various initiatives associated to branding to effectively compete in the global market of capital, labour and knowledge. Most of these initiatives are focused on external markets – they are designed to attract foreign investors, tourists, talented people, etc. However, scientists increasingly emphasize the internal audiences’ importance, efforts to involve internal audiences in the process of country branding has recently emerged also in practice. Nevertheless, it was noted that the concept of internal country branding has not yet been established, its logic has not yet been explained, inconsistent use of definitions has been dominated and therefore it is suggested that the conceptualization and modelling of internal country branding is a relevant research problem. In this dissertation the internal country branding was approached from different perspectives. Results of the analysis of scientific literature on the country and internal branding allowed formulating an initial understanding about the concept of internal country branding. In order to provide solid empirical backgrounds for the conceptualisation and modelling expert and internal audiences’ opinion survey as well as analysis of the context related to internal branding created by the countries and spread in the internet were implemented. Summarizing the results a conceptual model of internal country branding was constructed. The model explains the... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Globalizacijos akivaizdoje vis daugiau valstybių imasi su ženklodara susijusių iniciatyvų siekdamos efektyviau konkuruoti pasaulinėje kapitalo, darbo ir žinių rinkoje. Dauguma tokių iniciatyvų yra orientuotos į išorines rinkas – jos skirtos pritraukti užsienio investuotojus, turistus, talentingus darbuotojus ir pan. Vis dėlto, įvairius valstybės ženklodaros klausimus nagrinėjantys mokslininkai vis dažniau akcentuoja ir vidinių auditorijų svarbą, pastangos vidines auditorijas įtraukti į vietovės ženklodaros procesą pastaruoju metu ryškėja ir praktikoje. Nepaisant to, pastebima, jog valstybės vidinės ženklodaros samprata dar nėra nusistovėjusi, nepaaiškinta jos logika, nenuosekliai vartojamos sąvokos, todėl teigiama, jog valstybės vidinės ženklodaros konceptualizavimas ir modeliavimas yra aktuali mokslinė problema. Šiame disertaciniame darbe valstybės vidinės ženklodara nagrinėjama iš keleto perspektyvų. Išanalizavus mokslinę literatūrą valstybės ir vidinės ženklodaros tematika suformuluota pradinė valstybės vidinės ženklodaros samprata. Konceptualiajam modeliavimui tvirtesnius pagrindus suteikė atlikti empiriniai ekspertų ir valstybių vidinių auditorijų nuomonės bei valstybių kuriamo su vidine ženklodara susijusio konteksto virtualiojoje erdvėje tyrimai. Apibendrinus tyrimų rezultatus sudarytas konceptualusis modelis, aiškinantis valstybės vidinės ženklodaros logiką ir pagrindinius elementus. Remiantis sudarytu modeliu atliktas Lietuvos Respublikos vidinės ženklodaros... [to full text]

A complexidade simbólica de um país está relacionada com diferentes aspectos socioculturais que se imbricam, influenciam-se, potencializam-se e parametrizam-se, uns aos outros. A tese apresenta os resultados da investigação da imagem da Marca Brasil, de 2013 a 2014, amparada pelos estudos da teoria social da mídia, identidade cultural, consumo simbólico, semiótica peirceana e análise de discurso (AD). A noção de país, em geral, imediatamente associada a uma acepção geográfica, pode abarcar uma inextricabilidade de sentidos. Outras noções importantes estão também intimamente ligadas a ela, tais como Estado, pátria, soberania e nacionalidade. Por outro lado, a \'marca\', como aqui compreendida, vislumbra o Brasil como uma instância enunciativa, uma conexão simbólica e afetiva estabelecida entre a sua materialidade (tangível e discursiva) e seus interlocutores. É a partir das suas manifestações, sistema de interface entre uma marca e seu público, que ela cria um sentido em sua audiência. Inclui-se aí toda a esfera da comunicação publicitária, jornalística, e todos os seus pontos de contato. A identidade de uma nação é alicerçada nas narrativas da história (um ato também comunicacional), da literatura, da mídia, do consumo e da publicidade, que têm sido cada vez mais permeadas por fluxos globalizados, materiais e simbólicos. Assim, a Marca Brasil está presente na memória e ancorada no conjunto das sensações e saberes de cada um a respeito do Brasil. Na medida em que o ambiente caminha cada vez mais para um contexto tríplice hiper: hiperconexão, hiperconvergência e hipermodernidade, os meios de comunicação assumem um inevitável papel-chave no processo de concepção dos sentidos, assim como da estereotipia dos países. A Copa do Mundo de 2014 e o contexto político do Brasil no período intensificaram a sua visibilidade midiática internacional e o processo de significação da Marca Brasil no exterior. Compreendendo que o campo dos media jornalístico e publicitário contribuem na legitimação da imagem identitária da nação, essa pesquisa monitorou, catalogou e categorizou mais de 400 menções sobre o país na imprensa internacional - The Economist (Inglaterra), Der Spiegel (Alemanha), Time (E.U.A), La Noticia de la Semana (Argentina), The Huffington Post (E.U.A, digital) -, buscando compreender os efeitos de sentido que circulam na materialidade discursiva desse corpus. Paralelamente, as peças publicitárias da Marca Brasil, veiculadas no exterior, também tiveram seu potencial simbólico estudado, o que foi colocado em contraposição aos discursos da imprensa. Dessa análise, pudemos apreender o discurso pessimista do jornalismo internacional, pautado pela mídia brasileira, em contraste ao ufanismo simbólico da Marca Brasil, ambos amparados em estereótipos dessa nacionalidade. Complementarmente, buscamos apreender a percepção nacional, diante de tais acontecimentos e dos esforços do Estado para valorizar sua marca-país. Uma sondagem quantitativa, em âmbito nacional, representativa da população brasileira com 16 anos ou mais, indicou que, se por um lado a realização da Copa 2014 polarizou as opiniões dos brasileiros, por outro demonstrou que os Jogos Olímpicos de 2016 apresentam um consentimento social bem mais amplo. / The symbolic complexity of a country is related to different socio-cultural aspects that imbricate, influence, leverage and parameterize each other. This thesis presents the research results of the \"Brand Brazil\" image, from 2013 to 2014, supported by studies of the social theory of the media, cultural identity, symbolic consumption, Peirce\'s semiotics and discourse analysis (AD). The notion of country in general, once associated with an accepted geographical location, can shelter an inextricability of meanings. Many important abstract concepts are also closely linked to it, such as State, homeland, sovereignty and nationality. On the other hand, the \"brand\", as here understood, envisions Brazil as an enunciative instance, a symbolic and emotional connection established between its materiality (tangible and discursive) and its interlocutors. It is from its manifestations, the interface system between a brand and its audience, that a meaning is created in the audience. This includes all its touch points and the whole sphere of advertising and journalistic communication. The identity of a nation is rooted in the narratives of history (also a communicational act), literature, media consumption, and advertising, which have been increasingly permeated by the globalized flows, in material and symbolic senses. Therefore, the Brand Brazil is present in the memory and is anchored in the set of feelings and knowledge of each person regarding Brazil. As the environment marches increasingly into a hyper-triple-context - hyper-connection, hyper-convergence and hypermodernity - the media plays an inevitably key role in the process of the meanings and stereotyped conception of countries. The 2014 World Cup and the political situation of Brazil during this period have advanced its international media visibility and the recognition process of Brand Brazil overseas. Understanding that the news and the various mediums of advertising contribute to the legitimacy of the nation\'s identity and self-image, this research tracked, cataloged and categorized more than 400 references to the country in the international press - The Economist (United Kingdom), Der Spiegel (Germany), Time (U.S.A), La Noticia de La Semana (Argentina), The Huffington Post (U.S.A, digital) - attempting to understand the meaning of these references and to interpret their impact on the Brazilian national brand. At the same time, the symbolic potential of Brand Brazil was studied, and was assessed in contrast to the press discourses. From this analysis, we could perceive the clearly pessimistic direction of international news media discourses, as set by the Brazilian news media agenda, in contrast to the advertising media\'s symbolic jingoism, both admitted national stereotypes. In addition, we sought to identify the domestic perception before such events and the State\'s efforts to enhance the country\'s brand. A quantitative nationwide survey, representative interviews of the population aged 16 or older, indicated that while hosting the 2014 World Cup polarized the opinions of Brazilians, hosting of the 2016 Olympic Games, in contrast, seems to have created a much broader social consent.

Magistrinio darbo tikslas – ištirti šalį kaip turizmo prekinį ženklą, pabrėžiant emocinio elemento svarbą. Šalies ženklas yra šalies prekinis ženklas, priklausantis vietovės ženklų grupei. Šalies ženklas skiriasi nuo kitų prekinių ženklų ir pasižymi: ilgaamžiškumu, globalumu, funkcionalumu, socialumu, daugialypiškumu, substitucionalumu, emocionalumu, yra suvokiamas kaip „mados aksesuaras. Dėl nuolat vykstančių ekonominių, socialinių bei politinių pakitimų, šalies ženklas turi būti atnaujinamas. Šio proceso metu koreaguojamas ar formuojamas šalies įvaizdis. Magistriniame darbe pateikiamas rekomendacijų sąrašas, kuriuo galima naudotis kuriant ar atnaujinant šalies ženklą; taip pat aprašomi turistų poreikiai, motyvai bei elgsena. Egzistuoja keletas emocijų tipų, tačiau dažniausiai jos klasifikuojamos į įgimtas, vidines ir situacines, taip pat į teigiamas ir neigiamas. Prekinio ženklo įtraukimo koncepcija apima marketingo komunikacijas, reklamą, vartotojų elgseną bei parodo emocinį ryšį su šalies ženklu. Anksteni empiriniai tyrimai parodė reprezentacinį prekinio ženklo aspektą esant svarbesnį nei funkcinis, kas leido manyti, jog formuojant nuomonę apie šalies ženklą svarbios emocijos. Taigi buvo inicijuotas nuajas empirinis tyrimas, kuriame tirtos šalies reklamų bei logotipų sukeliamos emocijos, nulemenčios požiųrį į šalies ženklą. Pasirinkats foklus grupės interviu vyko Danijoje, anglų kalba apklausiant skirtingų tautybių 21-27 metų amžiaus studentus. Tyrimo metu iškeltos 6... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The main point of the master’s thesis is to analyze country as a tourism brand emphasizing its emotional element. Country brand is one of the many brand types and belongs to the group of destination brands, which is oriented to the tourism sector. Country brand differs from other brand types and is characterized as being global, functional, social, multiple, substitute, emotional, and durable. In relation with economical, political or social changes re-branding process is needed in order to shape or even recover country image. In this work the list of most popular recommendations for successful country brand creation or re-branding is proposed some perceptions of tourist’s needs, motivations and travel behavior are also given. While analyzing the perception of emotions the difference of the main terms is described: “emotions” reveal the emotional reactions and the “affect” has the meaning of the emotional experience. There are several types of emotions: one classifies them into inherent, intrinsic and incidental; the other classification notes emotions being positive, negative and bi-directional. Conception of involvement includes marketing communications, advertising, consumer behavior and shows the strength of the emotional relation with the country brand. Previous empirical research of destination branding has proved importance of stressing its representational aspect. This can be done through the emotions evoked. For this reason another research was initialized to... [to full text]