Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2013-10-18T15:15:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Brownie Politica de custos....pdf: 1089932 bytes, checksum: 0e37b565d2ebbf457fce322bdd176280 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-18T15:15:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Brownie Politica de custos....pdf: 1089932 bytes, checksum: 0e37b565d2ebbf457fce322bdd176280 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Escola de Administração. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Esta pesquisa investigou quais as necessidades informacionais associadas a uma politica de custo para o CPqGM/Fiocruz, de acordo com as diretrizes da Política de Custos do Governo Federal, o qual tem adotado ideias e pressupostos gerencialistas como base de suas práticas de gestão desde a reforma do Estado de 1995. Ao longo destes anos foram implementados diversos programas para o aperfeiçoamento da gestão e consequente melhora na prestação de serviço para o cidadão. Dentre os pressupostos do gerencialismo, têm-se a profissionalização da gestão, a avaliação de desempenho e controle dos resultados. Porém, o governo brasileiro não possuía uma ferramenta capaz de avaliar e controlar os resultados, visto que o sistema contábil existente foi criado para atender a execução orçamentária, com um enfoque financeiro. Assim, o Sistema de Informações de Custos do Governo Federal (SIC) vem suprir essa deficiência na gestão pública. O CPqGM/Fiocruz como instituição participante do Governo Federal, também tem a necessidade de criar uma politica de custos para subsidiar suas tomadas de decisões a partir de informações sobre eficiência, eficácia e efetividade de suas atividades. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados nesta pesquisa foram: estudo de caso exploratório, com uma abordagem qualitativa, por meio da utilização da técnica Delphi. Como resultados, foram identificadas as principais práticas de gestão da instituição, como as decisões são tomadas e são realizadas as avaliações de desempenho. Com relação às informações de custos, foi verificado que a instituição não registra seus custos, porém, os gestores identificam sua importância tanto para dar suporte à tomada de decisão como para a avaliação de desempenho.(AU) / This research inquired the necessities of information associated with one cost politic for CPqGM/Fiocruz, according to the Federal Government Costs Politic directress that uses management ideas and presupposes as its management practices fundaments since the 1995 State reform. During these years there were implanted several programs to management improvement and the consequent benefit for citizen service perform. Among the management presupposes there are the professional management, the performance valuation and results control. However, the Brazilian government had no instrument able to valuate and control the results since the existent account system was created to comply the budget accomplish on a financial focus. Then, the Federal Government Cost Information’s System comes to supply this deficiency in the public management. As the CPqGM/Fiocruz is a Federal Government institution it also has the necessity of a cost politic to help the decisions from information about their activities efficiency, efficacy and affectivity. This research uses as methodological procedures the exploratory case study with a quality approach through the Delphi technique use. The results identified were the main management practices of the institution and how the performance valuations are accomplished. About cost information there was verified that the institution don’t register its costs but the managers identify the importance of costs thus to decisions support as to performance valuate.

Submitted by ARIEL TEIXEIRA (ateixeira@fgvmail.br) on 2014-03-14T15:38:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Pair trading in Bovespa with a quantitative approach cointegration, Ornstein-Uhlenbeck equation and Kelly criterion.pdf: 857529 bytes, checksum: d324d9458357fb950c816b5a8bfd11d2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2014-03-14T16:29:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Pair trading in Bovespa with a quantitative approach cointegration, Ornstein-Uhlenbeck equation and Kelly criterion.pdf: 857529 bytes, checksum: d324d9458357fb950c816b5a8bfd11d2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Almeida (maria.socorro@fgv.br) on 2014-04-09T14:58:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Pair trading in Bovespa with a quantitative approach cointegration, Ornstein-Uhlenbeck equation and Kelly criterion.pdf: 857529 bytes, checksum: d324d9458357fb950c816b5a8bfd11d2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-04-09T14:58:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pair trading in Bovespa with a quantitative approach cointegration, Ornstein-Uhlenbeck equation and Kelly criterion.pdf: 857529 bytes, checksum: d324d9458357fb950c816b5a8bfd11d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-17 / Pair trading is an old and well-known technique among traders. In this paper, we discuss an important element not commonly debated in Brazil: the cointegration between pairs, which would guarantee the spread stability. We run the Dickey-Fuller test to check cointegration, and then compare the results with non-cointegrated pairs. We found that the Sharpe ratio of cointegrated pairs is greater than the non-cointegrated. We also use the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck equation in order to calculate the half-life of the pairs. Again, this improves their performance. Last, we use the leverage suggested by Kelly Formula, once again improving the results.

The prairie communities that once dominated the landscape of Illinois have been reduced to a fraction of their former extent. Subsequently, considerable effort has been invested in the restoration of these lost communities, yet the comprehensive assessment of restoration success has only recently garnered interest. The objectives of this study were 1) to gauge the success of a prairie restoration project by measuring the components of ecological fidelity (structure/composition, function, and durability), and 2) to determine the factors that influenced success. Nineteen prairie plantings (ranging from two to 19 growing seasons old) at The Nature Conservancy's Nachusa Grasslands preserve were chosen for the assessment. Floristic quality was calculated to assess the composition component of ecological fidelity. Aboveground net primary productivity, soil bulk density, total soil nitrogen and total soil carbon were measured to assess the function component (soil measurements were taken at 0-5 and 5-15 cm depths). Results were compared to benchmark values taken from the literature and from samples of remnant prairies. Durability was determined by comparing measurements across a restoration chronosequence. To further evaluate the prairie plantings and restoration success, non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination was used to compare plantings based on their vegetation composition and soil characteristics (prairie remnants were also included in the comparison based on soil characteristics). Values of Mean C and FQI indicated successful levels among younger plantings, but durability was less successful according to the chronosequence. Seed-mix quality had the greatest influence (positive) on composition success. Aboveground net primary productivity levels were successful and durable overall, however, younger plantings exhibited successful levels of production more consistently than older plantings. Aboveground net primary productivity was most influenced (negatively) by the abundance of the exotic C3 grass genera Poa and Bromus. Functional success based on soil characteristics was limited. Soil bulk density, total nitrogen, and total carbon levels all differed among plantings and remnants at both depths, and evidence of levels recovering toward levels of remnants was not detected. The results of this study indicated that some components of ecological fidelity have been successfully restored, while others have not, and using a high-quality seed mix that resembles the species pool of remnant prairie and limiting the abundance of the dominant native C4 and exotic C3 grasses can improve the restoration of plant composition and ecological function in Illinois prairie plantings. The mixed results underscore the importance of examining more than one component of ecological fidelity when measuring success. Long-term monitoring is also recommended for evaluating restoration durability, especially for detecting changes among soil properties over time.

The thesis deals with the realization of the criteria for saturation of the patient's needs. In the current system of nursing care, the principles of modern nursing are failing to realize and therefore we want to find out the main obstacles of this situation and the possibilities of their removal. For the purpose of the thesis there were set three objectives. The first of them has set the objective of finding out the most common problems in meeting the criteria for saturation of the patient's needs. The research showed that the nurses see the problem in a lack of staff at the wards, a lack of time, excess of documentation, excessive demands for nurses. The purpose of the second objective was to find out what supports the realization of the criteria for saturation of the patient's needs. Results have shown that what helps nurses is a positive work environment, motivation, nurse´s personality, own scale of values, salary, good leadership, organization, nursing care. The third objective was to find out the opinion of nurses on meeting the criteria for saturation of the patient's needs. It turned out that the majority of respondents think that nurses do not effectively satisfy all the needs of patients for a number of reasons: there are few nurses and they are overloaded, the nurses do their best but still cannot satisfy all the patients´ needs. We also found out that the higher patients´ needs are omitted. Less than a third of the nurses indicated that nurses effectively meet all the patients´ needs. For the qualitative part of the research, we set two research questions in advance. Which criteria nurses use in patients´ needs saturation? The research showed that time, which is very valuable for nurses and very often is in short supply, is an important criteria for the saturation of the patient's needs. Furthermore, it is knowledge and manual dexterity when nurses additionally reported a lack of education of some nurses especially within the nursing process. As the next criteria, it was mentioned the cooperation with the patient as it is necessary to engage patient himself in care planning. The next criteria is monitoring of the patient´s response, which is included in every phase of the nursing process. Furthermore, the nurses agreed on criteria, which include communication as a key skill of every nurse, then individual care, a suitable environment and utilities, education, critical thinking, effective nursing process and empathy. The second research question tried to find out which obstacles prevent nurses in effective saturation of the patients´ needs. We found out that nurses are concerned about a lack of staff at wards and the excess of administrative load, which is related to a lack of time for patients. These three factors are also obstacles for nurses and prevent them from effective satisfying of the patients´ needs. The next obstacles in satisfying the needs are burnout, reluctance of nurses to work, excessive demands for nurses, poor workplace relationships, a lack of evaluation both in a form of praise and appreciation, and finance. We also found a lack of information, which is related to a lack of time, as nurses do not have a chance to collect all the information concerning the patient. As another possible obstacle, nurses also mentioned personal problems. The results of the thesis can be used as a small contribution to currently ongoing effort of the Czech Association of Nurses.

Les enfants sont des usagers de la route au même titre que les adultes. D’après l’Observatoire National Interministériel de la Sécurité Routière (ONISR), il y a eu en 2010 sur les routes françaises 67288 accidents corporels dont 3992 tués à 30 jours. Parmi les tués, on compte 130 enfants de moins de 14 ans dont 30 enfants piétons. La protection des enfants est donc un enjeu majeur. Afin d’améliorer la protection des enfants, il est nécessaire de comprendre les mécanismes lésionnels mis en jeu lors d’un accident piéton. Pour atteindre cet objectif, différents modèles, physiques ou numériques ont été développés ces dernières années. Cette étude a fait le choix de se focaliser sur l’utilisation du numérique pour approfondir la connaissance concernant le comportement de l’enfant victime d’un accident piéton car elle offre la possibilité de ne pas être contrainte d’un point de vue éthique et législatif mais également de multiplier les conditions d’essais possibles. L’objectif de cette Thèse est de traiter la problématique de l’enfant piéton et de sa protection en particulier en évaluant l’influence du design d’un véhicule sur les blessures à la tête d’une enfant piéton impacté. Dans un premier temps, un critère de blessure à la tête spécifique à l’enfant a été développé par reconstruction d’accident réels et permet de prédire la gravité des lésions (AIS). Dans un second temps, un outil numérique capable réaliser une étude paramétrique simulant des accidents piétons a été développé. L’influence du design d’un véhicule sur le bilan lésionnel à la tête d’un enfant piéton a ainsi été étudiée. / Children are road users in the same way as adults. According to the National Interministerial Observatory of Road Safety (ONISR), there were in 2010 on the French roads 67288 accidents of which 3992 killed in 30 days. Among those killed, there are 130 children under 14, including 30 children pedestrians. The protection of children is therefore a burning issue.In order to improve the protection of children, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms of injury involved in a pedestrian accident. To achieve this goal, different models, physical or numerical have been developed in recent years. This study has chosen to focus on the use of numerical models to deepen knowledge about the behavior of the child victim of a pedestrian accident because it offers the possibility of not being constrained from an ethical point of view and but also to multiply the conditions of possible tests.The objective of this Thesis is to treat the problem of the pedestrian child and its protection in particular by evaluating the influence of the design of a vehicle on the injuries to the head of an impacted pedestrian child. As a first step, a child-specific head injury criterion was developed by reconstructing actual accidents and predicting the severity of injury (AIS). In a second step, a numerical tool able to realize a parametric study simulating pedestrian accidents was developed. The influence of the design of a vehicle on the lesions at the head of a pedestrian child has been studied.

L’angioedème (AO) à kinine est caractérisé par la survenue spontanée et récurrente d’oedèmes des tissus sous cutanés et sous muqueux, conséquence de l’accumulation des kinines sur l’endothélium vasculaire. La sévérité des AO dépend de leur localisation, ils sont déformants sur les tissus sous cutanés, douloureux au niveau de la muqueuse digestive et peuvent mettre en jeu le pronostic vital s’ils affectent le larynx. L’AO à kinine a d’abord été associé au déficit pour C1 Inhibiteur (C1Inh) puis des formes sans déficit pour C1Inh ont été décrites. L’AO est décrit comme une maladie multifactorielle pour laquelle l’ensemble des facteurs décisionnels n’est pas encore identifié. Ce travail a permis (1) de définir des paramètres stratégiques de la production des kinines pour l’AO, (2) d’identifier les paramètres impliqués et décisionnels pour la survenue des crises et leur sévérité, (3) de repérer des phénotypes biologiques des sujets atteints d’AO. / Kinin mediated angioedema (AO) is characterized by spontaneous and recurrent oedema affecting subcutaneous and submucosal tissue. Oedemas develop subsequently to kinin accumulation on vascular endothelium. AO severity is depending on localisation, they are warping on subcutaneous tissue, painful on digestive mucous and life treating when affected the larynx. Kinin mediated AO was first associated with C1 Inhibitor (C1Inh) deficiency and thereafter AO without C1Inh deficiency has been described. AO is a multifactorial disease for which all the decision-making factor(s) is(are) not yet identified. As results of this work, have emerged (1) a characterization of strategic parameters of the kinin production for AO, (2) an identification of significant and decision-making parameters for the attack onset and severity, (3) a cover of biological phenotypes of the AO patients

Background: Three dimensional motion analysis systems and goniometer measurement are often analyzed in relation to each other in biomechanical science, although the correlation between the methods are not well researched.  Aim and purpose: To investigate the criterion validity between physical examination of lower extremity using a goniometer with a three dimensional motion analysis system. Method: Six healthy participants (12 lower limbs) were recruited. The variables of interest were passive hip internal and external rotation, knee joint extension, static knee valgus, internal and external tibia rotation, bimalleor angle and ankle dorsal flexion range of motion. Measurements were collected with goniometer and a three dimensional motion analysis system. A modified Helen Hayes marker set was used and the physical examination was made by two physiotherapists using conventional testing positions. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and Bland Altman plot were used to describe correlation and level of agreement, respectively. Results: Hip external rotation (rs=0.97), BMA (rs=0.96) and hip internal rotation (rs=0.89) showed acceptable and significant correlation (p<0.01). Tibia internal rotation (0.60, significant p<0.05), ankle dorsiflexion (rs=0.56 p>0.05) tibia external rotation (rs=0.50 p>0.05) knee valgus (rs=-0.16 p>0.05), knee extension (rs=-0.20 p>0.05) did not correlate. Conclusion: The criterion validity were good between the measurements for hip external and internal rotation and BMA. Criterion validity could not be described for the other measurements.

Submitted by Cláudia Luisa Mendes null (claudiamendes@outlook.com) on 2018-03-13T13:20:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudia Final.pdf: 2801387 bytes, checksum: 138d1c19b49e86cfef45a94a9840b6aa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Marlene Zaniboni null (zaniboni@bauru.unesp.br) on 2018-03-14T13:43:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mendes_cl_me_bauru.pdf: 2801387 bytes, checksum: 138d1c19b49e86cfef45a94a9840b6aa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-14T13:43:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mendes_cl_me_bauru.pdf: 2801387 bytes, checksum: 138d1c19b49e86cfef45a94a9840b6aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-22 / A exigência dos requisitos de desempenho em estruturas aeroespaciais, navais e automobilísticas vem proporcionando o desenvolvimento de novos materiais, bem como de novas técnicas de fabricação. Normalmente, elevados valores de resistência e rigidez específicas aliados ao baixo peso específico são procurados em projetos estruturais, obtendo-se soluções por meio da utilização de materiais compósitos, particularmente polímeros termo fixos dotados de reforços fibrosos. O entendimento do que é um material composto é necessário, pois trata-se da combinação de no mínimo dois materiais com fase heterogênea, que separados possuem propriedades e características distintas e sua combinação é desejada para a confecção de um material único, com a conformidade das propriedades de ambos os materiais, tornando atrativa sua aplicação. Para otimizar a confecção do laminado em cada projeto, é imprescindível a utilização do modelo em elementos finitos para a obtenção da faixa de tensões, pelo método do critério de falha, sofrida pela amostra e assim obter-se a melhor propriedade mecânica para o seu uso. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo elaborar um estudo comparativo entre os resultados obtidos experimentalmente e os obtidos virtualmente, para validar o uso do software de elementos finitos na execução de um projeto utilizando como material principal o compósito estrutural de fibra de carbono com resina epóxi. Para isso, foram realizados ensaios para obter as propriedades mecânicas, e a melhor temperatura de cura da resina SQ 2004. Posteriormente foram feitos laminados de fibra de carbono com esta resina e extraído suas propriedades mecânicas. Por fim, utilizou-se as propriedades obtidas como entrada do software de elementos finitos e comparou-se o resultado através de três critérios de falha: Hill, Hoffman e Tsai-Wu. Como resultado, constata-se que o critério de falha de Tsai-Wu é o mais indicado para o cálculo da integridade estrutural de um componente de compósito que utiliza fibra de carbono. / The demand of requirements in performance of aerospace, naval and automotive structures has been providing the development of new materials as well as new manufacturing techniques. High values of specific strength and stiffness combined with low specific gravity are usually sought in blade designs for wind generators and other components of these systems, obtaining solutions using composite materials, particularly thermoset polymers endowed with fibrous reinforcements. The understanding of what is a composite material is necessary because it is a combination of at least two materials with heterogeneous phase, which have different properties and characteristics and their combination is desired for the manufacture of a single material with conformity of the properties of both materials, making its application attractive. To optimize the preparation of the laminate in each project, it is essential to use the finite element model to obtain the stress range, by the failure criterion method, and to obtain the best mechanical property for its use. The present work has the objective of elaborating a comparative study between the results obtained experimentally and those obtained virtually to validate the use of finite element software in the execution of a project using the structural material of carbon fiber with epoxy resin as its main material. For this, tests were carried out to obtain the mechanical properties and the best curing temperature of the SQ 2004 resin. Later, carbon fiber laminates were made with this resin and extracted its mechanical properties. Finally, the obtained properties were used as inputs to the finite element software and the result was compared through three failure criteria: Hill, Hoffman and Tsai-Wu. It is concluded that the Tsai-Wu failure criterion is the most suitable for calculating the structural integrity of a composite component using carbon fiber.

abstract: Damage detection in heterogeneous material systems is a complex problem and requires an in-depth understanding of the material characteristics and response under varying load and environmental conditions. A significant amount of research has been conducted in this field to enhance the fidelity of damage assessment methodologies, using a wide range of sensors and detection techniques, for both metallic materials and composites. However, detecting damage at the microscale is not possible with commercially available sensors. A probable way to approach this problem is through accurate and efficient multiscale modeling techniques, which are capable of tracking damage initiation at the microscale and propagation across the length scales. The output from these models will provide an improved understanding of damage initiation; the knowledge can be used in conjunction with information from physical sensors to improve the size of detectable damage. In this research, effort has been dedicated to develop multiscale modeling approaches and associated damage criteria for the estimation of damage evolution across the relevant length scales. Important issues such as length and time scales, anisotropy and variability in material properties at the microscale, and response under mechanical and thermal loading are addressed. Two different material systems have been studied: metallic material and a novel stress-sensitive epoxy polymer. For metallic material (Al 2024-T351), the methodology initiates at the microscale where extensive material characterization is conducted to capture the microstructural variability. A statistical volume element (SVE) model is constructed to represent the material properties. Geometric and crystallographic features including grain orientation, misorientation, size, shape, principal axis direction and aspect ratio are captured. This SVE model provides a computationally efficient alternative to traditional techniques using representative volume element (RVE) models while maintaining statistical accuracy. A physics based multiscale damage criterion is developed to simulate the fatigue crack initiation. The crack growth rate and probable directions are estimated simultaneously. Mechanically sensitive materials that exhibit specific chemical reactions upon external loading are currently being investigated for self-sensing applications. The "smart" polymer modeled in this research consists of epoxy resin, hardener, and a stress-sensitive material called mechanophore The mechanophore activation is based on covalent bond-breaking induced by external stimuli; this feature can be used for material-level damage detections. In this work Tris-(Cinnamoyl oxymethyl)-Ethane (TCE) is used as the cyclobutane-based mechanophore (stress-sensitive) material in the polymer matrix. The TCE embedded polymers have shown promising results in early damage detection through mechanically induced fluorescence. A spring-bead based network model, which bridges nanoscale information to higher length scales, has been developed to model this material system. The material is partitioned into discrete mass beads which are linked using linear springs at the microscale. A series of MD simulations were performed to define the spring stiffness in the statistical network model. By integrating multiple spring-bead models a network model has been developed to represent the material properties at the mesoscale. The model captures the statistical distribution of crosslinking degree of the polymer to represent the heterogeneous material properties at the microscale. The developed multiscale methodology is computationally efficient and provides a possible means to bridge multiple length scales (from 10 nm in MD simulation to 10 mm in FE model) without significant loss of accuracy. Parametric studies have been conducted to investigate the influence of the crosslinking degree on the material behavior. The developed methodology has been used to evaluate damage evolution in the self-sensing polymer. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Mechanical Engineering 2014

O modelo misto é comumente utilizado em dados de medidas repetidas devido a sua flexibilidade de incorporar no modelo a correlação existente entre as observações medidas no mesmo indivíduo e a heterogeneidade de variâncias das observações feitas ao longo do tempo. Este modelo é composto de efeitos fixos, efeitos aleatórios e o erro aleatório e com isso na seleção do modelo misto muitas vezes é necessário selecionar os melhores componentes do modelo misto de tal forma que represente bem os dados. Os critérios de informação são ferramentas muito utilizadas na seleção de modelos, mas não há muitos estudos que indiquem como os critérios de informação se desempenham na seleção dos efeitos fixos, efeitos aleatórios e da estrutura de covariância que compõe o erro aleatório. Diante disso, neste trabalho realizou-se um estudo de simulação para avaliar o desempenho dos critérios de informação AIC, BIC e KIC na seleção dos componentes do modelo misto, medido pela taxa TP (Taxa de verdadeiro positivo). De modo geral, os critérios de informação se desempenharam bem, ou seja, tiveram altos valores de taxa TP em situações em que o tamanho da amostra é maior. Na seleção de efeitos fixos e na seleção da estrutura de covariância, em quase todas as situações, o critério BIC teve um desempenho melhor em relação aos critérios AIC e KIC. Na seleção de efeitos aleatórios nenhum critério teve um bom desempenho, exceto na seleção de efeitos aleatórios em que considera a estrutura de simetria composta, situação em que BIC teve o melhor desempenho. / The mixed model is commonly used in data of repeated measurements because of its flexibility to incorporate in the model the correlation existing between the observations measured in the same individual and the heterogeneity of variances of observations made over time. This model is composed of fixed effects, random effects and random error and with this in the selection of the mixed model it is often necessary to select the best components of the mixed model in such a way that it represents the data well. Information criteria are tools widely used in model selection, but there are not many studies that indicate how information criteria play out in the selection of fixed effects, random effects, and the covariance structure that makes up the random error. In this work, a simulation study was performed to evaluate the performance of the AIC, BIC and KIC information criteria in the selection of the components of the mixed model, measured by the TP (True positive Rate). In general, the information criteria performed well, that is, they had high TP rate in situations where the sample size is larger. In the selection of fixed effects and in the selection of the covariance structure, in almost all situations, the BIC criterion had a better performance in relation to the AIC and KIC criteria. In the selection of random effects no criterion had a good performance, except in the selection of Random effects in which it considers the compound symmetric structure, situation in which BIC had the best performance.